{"id":9917,"date":"2016-12-15T09:14:25","date_gmt":"2016-12-15T12:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.amchamchile.cl\/?p=149383"},"modified":"2016-12-15T09:14:25","modified_gmt":"2016-12-15T12:14:25","slug":"nueva-ley-de-inocuidad-impone-desafios-a-exportadores-chilenos","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/nueva-ley-de-inocuidad-impone-desafios-a-exportadores-chilenos\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Nueva ley de inocuidad impone desaf\u00edos a exportadores chilenos[:en]New food safety law poses challenge to Chilean exporters[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:es]Los actores del rubro se encuentran en proceso de implementar acciones que les permitan cumplir con las siete normas incluidas en una ley enfocada en la prevenci\u00f3n.<\/em><\/p>\n

Por Catalina Jofr\u00e9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

El 4 de enero de 2011, el presidente de los Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, firm\u00f3 la Ley de Modernizaci\u00f3n de Inocuidad de los Alimentos (FSMA por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). Este acto dio luz verde a un cambio de normativa que buscaba garantizar que los alimentos importados cumplieran con los mismos est\u00e1ndares que los locales, siendo la Food Drug Administration (FDA) la instituci\u00f3n encargada de velar por su cumplimiento.<\/p>\n

Esta ley renov\u00f3 la regulaci\u00f3n que data de 1938, una actualizaci\u00f3n necesaria considerando que desde hace algunos a\u00f1os cerca del 20% de los alimentos en Estados Unidos provienen del extranjero y de ellos, m\u00e1s del 50% son frutas frescas. Una ley que tiene un fuerte enfoque en la prevenci\u00f3n, y busca disminuir los riesgos de enfermedades por la ingesta de productos for\u00e1neos.<\/p>\n

La Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que hasta 600 millones de personas, a nivel mundial, caen enfermas cada a\u00f1o por ingerir alimentos contaminados. Y en Estados Unidos se calcula que anualmente 48 millones de personas se enferman en total, 128.000 son hospitalizadas y 3.000 mueren producto de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos.<\/p>\n

Donald Prater, Acting Assistant Commissioner for Food Safety Integration de la FDA, detalla que, adem\u00e1s de la prevenci\u00f3n, la regulaci\u00f3n busca que la industria alimentaria sea la responsable de anticiparse a problemas de inocuidad alimentaria, educando y capacitando a las personas.<\/p>\n

Hoy con la ley en fase de implementaci\u00f3n, las normas que la componen est\u00e1n siendo incorporadas por todos los pa\u00edses que exportan a Estados Unidos, en plazos que van de un a\u00f1o hasta cuatro a\u00f1os, los que comienzan a partir de la entrada en vigencia de cada norma.<\/p>\n

En septiembre de 2016 entr\u00f3 en vigencia la norma referente a controles preventivos para evitar riesgos en alimentos de consumo humano y en 2017, ingresar\u00e1n dos nuevas: el transporte de alimentos para consumo humano y animal, y la verificaci\u00f3n de proveedores extranjeros; y en octubre, la norma para alimentos frescos.<\/p>\n

Dentro de las nuevas disposiciones tambi\u00e9n se consideran planes de inocuidad alimentaria en las empresas y la figura de un individuo calificado encargado de ejecutar el plan de inocuidad. Acciones que tienen que ver con intervenciones que fortalezcan el control de los alimentos en su cultivo, cosecha, empaque, etiquetado y almacenaje.<\/p>\n

La nueva legislaci\u00f3n aplica a todos los establecimientos que produzcan alimentos para consumo humano y animal que deban estar registrados en la FDA. Fuera de la normativa quedan las carnes, aves y huevos al ser regulados por el USDA, el Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos. Tampoco est\u00e1n afectos los jugos o mariscos porque s\u00f3lo se les exigir\u00e1 seguir contando con el sistema HACCP (An\u00e1lisis de Peligros y Puntos Cr\u00edticos de Control, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), el que opera en la actualidad.<\/p>\n

En cuanto a las sanciones, existe una variedad de mecanismos, a trav\u00e9s de los cuales la FDA har\u00e1 cumplir la nueva legislaci\u00f3n, entre ellos, la capacidad de negar la entrada a productos.<\/p>\n

Los desaf\u00edos para Chile<\/strong><\/p>\n

El pa\u00eds es un fuerte exportador de verduras frutas y hortalizas que se relaciona con Estados Unidos. Sin ir m\u00e1s lejos, la entidad gremial de exportadores hortofrut\u00edcolas de Chile, ASOEX, se\u00f1ala que en 2015-2016 este pa\u00eds represent\u00f3\u00a0 32% del volumen total exportado, equivalente a 792.640 toneladas. N\u00fameros que hacen relevante el proceso de adecuaci\u00f3n a la nueva regulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

A nivel regional, la oficina de la FDA en Am\u00e9rica Latina es la responsable de las interacciones bilaterales con M\u00e9xico, Centroam\u00e9rica, del Caribe y de Am\u00e9rica del Sur, incluido Chile. Sus esfuerzos se centran en temas de protecci\u00f3n de seguridad de alimentos y de calidad en la fabricaci\u00f3n de productos y en promover la capacitaci\u00f3n a la comunidad de proveedores de alimentos. Una labor que han realizado con la Agencia Chilena para la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ACHIPIA).<\/p>\n

Michel Leporati, secretario ejecutivo de ACHIPIA, se\u00f1ala que durante este a\u00f1o comenzaron a impartir talleres de difusi\u00f3n que presentan una s\u00edntesis de la FSMA y sus siete normas. A la fecha, se han concretado cinco, con los que 400 personas del sector p\u00fablico privado y acad\u00e9mico se han informado. Adem\u00e1s, se han efectuado otras iniciativas similares para fortalecer el intercambio de experiencias como una misi\u00f3n a M\u00e9xico, donde particip\u00f3 el Servicio Agr\u00edcola Ganadero (SAG) y ASOEX, y se visit\u00f3 a productoras de uvas y ar\u00e1ndanos para crear una estrategia de cumplimiento a FSMA.<\/p>\n

En esta misma l\u00ednea, en mayo la FDA present\u00f3 los reglamentos de la ley para que las empresas chilenas interesadas tuvieran acceso a expertos.<\/p>\n

\"untitled\"<\/p>\n

Mois\u00e9s Leiva, gerente de Alimentos de Chilealimentos, afirma que hist\u00f3ricamente Estados Unidos ha sido el principal destino de las exportaciones agropecuarias chilenas y que a\u00fan cuando existen programas actuales para disminuir el riesgo en la industria, estos pueden no ser suficientes para la nueva ley, por lo que \u201choy las empresas est\u00e1n abocadas a cerrar esas brechas\u201d, precisa.<\/p>\n

Una de las figuras que adquirir\u00e1 mayor responsabilidad en base a FSMA son los importadores, quienes deber\u00e1n asegurar que toda la cadena de producci\u00f3n garantice la inocuidad alimentaria.<\/p>\n

Por ahora, las firmas exportadoras chilenas est\u00e1n en la etapa de conocer los nuevos requerimientos, para lo cual est\u00e1n trabajando con el Comit\u00e9 de FSMA de Chilealimentos, de manera de lograr alcanzarlos en los plazos adecuados. En un comienzo, el cronograma para que los importadores solicitaran a los proveedores cumplir con los requisitos era 2017, pero se aplaz\u00f3 a 2019.<\/p>\n

Sobre este punto, Prater de la FDA, comenta que el programa de verificaci\u00f3n de proveedores extranjeros (FSVP por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), incluido en la ley, requiere que los importadores aseguren que sus proveedores produzcan alimentos cumpliendo los est\u00e1ndares de inocuidad de Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n

La regulaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n establece un sistema de acreditaci\u00f3n a organismos para realizar auditor\u00edas de inocuidad, certificando que las instalaciones extranjeras de alimentos, y lo que ellas producen, cumplan con la normativa.<\/p>\n

La adecuaci\u00f3n de las empresas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Desde la \u00f3ptica de los productores, Ronald Bown, presidente de ASOEX asegura que est\u00e1n en buen pie, pues el riesgo de la fruta chilena es muy bajo y no existe rechazo de ella en el mercado exterior.<\/p>\n

\u201cChile tiene el mayor n\u00famero de huertos frutales de exportaci\u00f3n certificados en Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas Agr\u00edcolas a nivel mundial, lo que cubre pr\u00e1cticamente el 62% de la superficie plantada\u201d, sostiene Bown.<\/p>\n

Otra visi\u00f3n tiene Flavio Araya, director de Est\u00e1ndares Productivos de Fundaci\u00f3n Chile (FCh) quien postula que existen diferencias para enfrentar la FSMA, debido al tama\u00f1o de cada empresa exportadora. Plantea que las grandes firmas est\u00e1n preparadas, pero que hay dificultades en las medianas y peque\u00f1as que est\u00e1n mirando con inter\u00e9s a Estados Undios. A ellos, \u201cse les pone la pista m\u00e1s pesada\u201d, advierte.<\/p>\n

\u201cMuchas pymes alimentarias estaban d\u00e9biles, por ejemplo, en temas que ten\u00edan que ver con el registro sanitario de alimentos y si ellas buscan orientarse a la exportaci\u00f3n se complejiza bastante su situaci\u00f3n\u201d, expresa Araya.<\/p>\n

Hortifrut es un ejemplo de una gran empresa que comercializa productos afectos a la ley y que ya tiene incorporado a sus procesos parte de los requisitos estipulados. En su caso ya entregaron al importador sus planes de seguridad alimentaria, cuyo plazo venc\u00eda en septiembre de este a\u00f1o y lo que les queda es hacer lo mismo con la fruta fresca, para la pr\u00f3xima temporada.<\/p>\n

\u201cEstamos aplicando la norma en forma transversal a toda la compa\u00f1\u00eda no s\u00f3lo a la exportaci\u00f3n, sino tambi\u00e9n al mercado interno\u201d, sostiene<\/p>\n

Johanna Trombert, gerente de Aseguramiento de Calidad y Food Safety de Hortifrut, se\u00f1ala que est\u00e1n aplicando la norma en forma transversal en toda la compa\u00f1\u00eda, no s\u00f3lo al mercado de exportaci\u00f3n, sino tambi\u00e9n al interno. Comenta que los protocolos que se usan en el campo cubren la mayor parte de los requerimientos en este \u00e1mbito, pero la FSMA exige algunas condiciones adicionales como un profesional responsable acreditado ante la FDA, exigencias para las aguas agr\u00edcolas, considerando sus usos de higiene y riego y tambi\u00e9n aumentar los monitoreos ambientales en la fruta fresca que est\u00e1 lista para el consumo. A pesar de ello, su impresi\u00f3n es que, la producci\u00f3n nacional no deber\u00eda verse afectada y califica la legislaci\u00f3n como \u201cabordable\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"untitled\"<\/p>\n

Nuri Gras, asesora del Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Innovaci\u00f3n Alimentaria y directora t\u00e9cnica de Food Intelligence Net Consulting, indica que Chile est\u00e1 considerado como un pa\u00eds de bajo riesgo en materia de inocuidad alimentaria y que certificarse en esta materia sirve para aumentar la confianza de los consumidores y entregar una protecci\u00f3n a la marca.<\/p>\n

Al no existir el riesgo cero, el enfoque preventivo que propone la ley es el que otorga mayor seguridad. Y con \u00e9l \u201cse podr\u00e1 reforzar el posicionamiento de las firmas chilenas y sus productos en distintos mercados\u201d, asegura.<\/p>\n

Mirando a futuro Donald Prater reconoce que Estados Unidos no podr\u00e1 llevar a cabo las nuevas reglas de la FSMA s\u00f3lo, sino que depender\u00e1 de su trabajo con la industria de alimentos en ese pa\u00eds y en el mundo, puesto que se requiere trabajar estrechamente para garantizar la seguridad de los alimentos.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es inocuidad alimentaria?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan los Principios Generales del C\u00f3digo alimentario de la Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentaci\u00f3n y la Agricultura (FAO) y la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) -conocido como Codex Alimentarius- la inocuidad es la garant\u00eda de que los alimentos no causar\u00e1n da\u00f1o al consumidor cuando se preparen y \/o se consuman de acuerdo con el uso a que se destinan. En ese sentido, la inocuidad tiene que ver con asegurar que los alimentos no est\u00e9n contaminados, lo que se logra con el control de cada punto de la cadena, desde su producci\u00f3n hasta su consumo.<\/p>\n

Fuente:<\/strong> Glosario, Achipia.cl[:en]Industry stakeholders are in the process of implementing a series of actions to facilitate compliance with the seven regulations that comprise a new law emphasizing prevention. <\/em><\/p>\n

By Catalina Jofr\u00e9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

On 4 January 2011, the President of the United States, Barack Obama, signed into law the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). This piece of legislation signals a regulatory shift to guarantee that all food imported into the United States complies with the same standards as locally produced products. Currently, the responsibility for the fulfilment of the FSMA is that of the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA).<\/p>\n

By renewing a law that dated back to 1938, the FSMA represented an important legislative step. This is particularly the case since, as of a few years ago, approximately 20% of food products in the United States have come from abroad, of which about 50% constitute fresh fruit. The key point about the FSMA is that is places a strong emphasis on prevention and seeks to reduce the risk of disease from the ingestion of foreign products.<\/p>\n

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 600 million people around the world fall ill each year as a result of consuming contaminated food. In the United States, the annual figure is 48 million. Approximately 128,000 of these are hospitalized and 3,000 die as a result of diseases transmitted by food products.<\/p>\n

Donald Prater, Acting Assistant Commissioner for Food Safety Integration at the FDA, explains that, in addition to prevention, the FSMA seeks to ensure that the food industry is responsible for anticipating food safety problems, as well as educating and training the general public on related matters.<\/p>\n

With the FSMA still in its implementation phase, the standards of the Act are in the process of being adopted by all the countries that export food to the United States. This process is taking place in periods of between one and four years, which begin after the entry into force of each specific regulation.<\/p>\n

The standard that regulates preventive controls to avoid food risks relating to human consumption entered into force in September 2016. Two more will enter into force in 2017: the transportation of food products for human and animal consumption and the verification of foreign suppliers; and in October, the regulation related to fresh foods.<\/p>\n

The new regulations also include provisions in relation to food safety for businesses and the designation on one person as the qualified individual responsible for executing the food safety plan of the respective company. Furthermore, the legislation will include actions relevant to inventions that strengthen the control of food products at their point of cultivation, harvest, packaging, labelling and storage.<\/p>\n

The FSMA applies to all establishments that produce food products for human and animal consumption and which are subject to FDA registration. Produce that remains beyond the scope of the regulations are meats, poultry and eggs, which fall under the remit of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Juices and shellfish are also excluded and they will continue to be subject to the existing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) preventive control system.<\/p>\n

In regard to sanctions, there is a broad range of mechanisms through which the FDA will enforce the new legislation, including the power to deny entry into the country to offending products.<\/p>\n

The challenges facing Chile<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chile is a major exporter of fruit and vegetables to the United States. The Association of Chilean Fruit Exporters (ASOEX), the trade association which oversees the export of these products, states that 32% of all fruit and vegetable exports from 2015-2016 were to the United States, totaling 792,640 tonnes. Figures such as these exemplify the importance of Chile successfully adapting to the new legislation.<\/p>\n

At the regional level, the Latin America Office of the FDA is responsible for bilateral relations with Mexico, as well as countries from Central America, the Caribbean and South America, including Chile. Its work focuses on issues of food safety protection and quality in the manufacturing of products and the promotion of training initiatives aimed at the community of food suppliers. Work of this nature has, therefore, been conducted in conjunction with the Chilean Food Quality and Safety Agency (ACHIPIA).<\/p>\n

Michel Leporati, Executive Secretary of ACHIPIA, explains that in 2016 the Agency began a process of dissemination workshops aimed at raising awareness in regard to synthesis with the FSMA and its seven norms. To date, five of the norms have been finalized and 400 people from the public, private and academic sector have been informed accordingly. In addition, further similar initiatives have been implemented to strengthen the exchange of expertise. For example, a mission was sent to Mexico which included the presence of the Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG) and ASOEX, and visits are held to grape and blueberry producers around the country to devise strategies to facilitate compliance with the FSMA.<\/p>\n

Similarly, in May 2016 the FDA published the regulations pertaining to the FSMA so that interested Chilean companies could gain access to experts.<\/p>\n

\"untitled\"<\/p>\n

Mois\u00e9s Leiva, Food Manager at Chilealimentos, says that historically the United States has been the main destination for Chilean agricultural exports. Despite ongoing programs aimed at reducing the risks facing the industry, he believes such efforts may be insufficient in generating compliance with the new legislation. As a consequence, \u201ctoday companies are strongly focused on closing these gaps\u201d, he notes.<\/p>\n

One of the groups who will acquire far greater responsibility as a result of the FSMA is importers. They will be tasked with ensuring food safety across the entire production chain.<\/p>\n

At present, Chilean exporters are in the stage of understanding the new requirements, which is why they are working with the FSMA Committee of Chilealimentos, in order to ensure compliance with the new rules, according the most feasible schedule possible. Initially, the timeframe in which importers were required to request compliance from suppliers was 2017, but this has subsequently been postponed to 2019.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, Prater from the FDA says that the Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP), which forms part of the legislation, requires importers to guarantee that their suppliers produce food that fully complies with US safety standards.<\/p>\n

The regulation also establishes an accreditation system for organizations to conduct food safety audits, in order to certify that foreign food facilities and the products they produce comply with the legislation.<\/p>\n

Company adaptation<\/strong><\/p>\n

From the perspective of producers, Ronald Bown, President of ASOEX, states that the sector is healthy. He explains that the risk from Chilean fruit is very low and that it is fully accepted across foreign markets.<\/p>\n

\u201cChile has the most fruit plantations for export certified in Good Agricultural Practices in the world, covering approximately 62% of the total planted area\u201d, says Bown.<\/p>\n

Flavio Araya, Director of Production Standards at Fundaci\u00f3n Chile has a slightly different view. He claims that there are certain differences in terms of adapting to the FSMA depending on the size of the exporting business. For example, he says that while large companies are prepared, difficulties exist for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are interested in the US market, and that the latter two, \u201care facing a more complicated path\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cMany SMEs in the food sector are weak, for example, in areas related to food safety registration, and the situation becomes quite complicated if they want to shift their focus to exports\u201d, warns Araya.<\/p>\n

Hortifrut is an example of a large company that sells products that are subject to the legislation and which has already incorporated the stipulated requirements into its operations. The company has provided its importer with its food safety plans, the deadline for which expired in September 2016, and it will do the same for its fresh fruit in time for next season.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are applying the regulations across the entire company, not only in relation to exports, but also to the internal market\u201d, says Johanna Trombert, Head of Quality Assurance and Food Safety at Hortifrut.<\/p>\n

Trombert explains that the majority of the protocols used in the field already cover most of the relevant requirements. However, the FSMA demands that certain additional conditions are met. These include: the appointment of an individual responsible for food safety and who is accredited by the FDA; requirements for bodies of water in agricultural settings in relation to the hygiene- and irrigation-related use thereof; and increasing environmental monitoring of fresh fruit that is ready for human consumption. Despite these new requirements, Trombert believes that Chilean production will not be adversely affected and she describes the legislation as, \u201cmanageable\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"untitled\"
\nNuri Gras, Adviser at the Technical Center of Food Innovation and Technical Director at Food Intelligence Net Consulting, believes that Chile is viewed as a low-risk country in terms of food safety and that becoming certified in this field helps to increase consumer trust and to protect brand reputation.<\/p>\n

In the absence of zero risk, the preventive approach proposed by the law will result in greater safety. As a consequence, \u201cthis will help to strengthen the position of Chilean firms and their products in different markets\u201d, states Gras.<\/p>\n

Looking ahead, Donald Prater acknowledges that the United States will not be able to implement the new FSMA alone. He explains that the country will have to rely on its work with the food industry in the US and those around the world, given that collaboration and cooperation are essential components of guaranteeing food safety.<\/p>\n

What is food safety?<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to the General Principles of the Food Code of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), known as the Codex Alimentarius, food safety is the guarantee that foods will cause no harm to the consumer when it is prepared and\/or consumed in line with the use for which it was intended. Accordingly, food safety relates to assurances that food products are not contaminated, which is achieved by means of control across every link in the chain, from production to consumption.<\/p>\n

Source:<\/strong> Glossary, Achipia.cl[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[:es]Los actores del rubro se encuentran en proceso de implementar acciones que les permitan cumplir con las siete normas incluidas en una ley enfocada en la prevenci\u00f3n. Por Catalina Jofr\u00e9 El 4 de enero de 2011, el presidente de los Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, firm\u00f3 la Ley de Modernizaci\u00f3n de Inocuidad de los Alimentos (FSMA […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-9917","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n[:es]Nueva ley de inocuidad impone desaf\u00edos a exportadores chilenos[:en]New food safety law poses challenge to Chilean exporters[:] - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nueva-ley-de-inocuidad-impone-desafios-a-exportadores-chilenos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:es]Nueva ley de inocuidad impone desaf\u00edos a exportadores chilenos[:en]New food safety law poses challenge to Chilean exporters[:] - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[:es]Los actores del rubro se encuentran en proceso de implementar acciones que les permitan cumplir con las siete normas incluidas en una ley enfocada en la prevenci\u00f3n. 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