{"id":5286,"date":"2014-10-07T12:21:44","date_gmt":"2014-10-07T15:21:44","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-04T12:16:48","modified_gmt":"2015-03-04T15:16:48","slug":"nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

La literatura cuenta que en 1850 una expedici\u00f3n dela Armadade Estados Unidos arrib\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. Dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde el Estado chileno decidi\u00f3 comprar su instrumentaci\u00f3n para establecer en territorio local uno de los primeros observatorios de Latinoam\u00e9rica, el que se transform\u00f3 en el m\u00e1s activo del siglo. Se trata del Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico Nacional en plena cumbre del Cerro Santa Luc\u00eda en Santiago. Escapando del crecimiento y mayor luminosidad de las ciudades, se traslada a la Quinta Normal y, posteriormente, a Cerro Cal\u00e1n, su ubicaci\u00f3n actual. Pero fue la instalaci\u00f3n del Observatorio Cerro Tololo dela Asociaci\u00f3nde Estados Unidos de Universidades para la Investigaci\u00f3n en Astronom\u00eda (AURA), en la Cuarta Regi\u00f3n, en 1962, lo que marc\u00f3 el puntapi\u00e9 inicial de la carrera astron\u00f3mica nacional y de una industria en torno a la materia.<\/p>\n


<\/span>
A 2020, los ojos del mundo estar\u00e1n puestos en Chile. La construcci\u00f3n de cinco proyectos astron\u00f3micos, que contemplan inversiones por m\u00e1s de US$4.400  millones, seg\u00fan el \u00faltimo catastro de la Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (Sofofa), determinar\u00e1n que m\u00e1s de 70% de la observaci\u00f3n mundial se concentre en el pa\u00eds. Un panorama m\u00e1s que auspicio no s\u00f3lo desde el punto de vista cient\u00edfico, sino tambi\u00e9n desde la vereda empresarial. Se est\u00e1n generando impulsos p\u00fablicos y privados que permitir\u00e1n contar con las condiciones para formar y convocar una industria proveedora astron\u00f3mica local potente, que pueda -en el futuro- hacer aportes reales a otros sectores de la econom\u00eda, como miner\u00eda, telecomunicaciones, inform\u00e1tica, construcci\u00f3n, entre otras. Y tambi\u00e9n, como un polo de atracci\u00f3n para empresas internacionales.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>La calidad y ubicaci\u00f3n de los cielos nacionales se ha transformado en el principal ingrediente para la instalaci\u00f3n de estos instrumentos. A la fecha, se contabilizan 37 instalaciones, 18 de ellas cient\u00edficas y 19 tur\u00edsticas y de observaci\u00f3n amateur. El \u00faltimo en entrar en operaci\u00f3n fue el Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array, m\u00e1s conocido como ALMA, en 2013. Es de hecho, el m\u00e1s costoso -con US$ 1.300 millones (US$ 500 millones fueron aportados por EE.UU.)- y potente del mundo, ubicado en el llano de Chajnantor, cerca de San Pedro de Atacama. Est\u00e1 compuesto por 66 antenas de alta precisi\u00f3n, que operan a longitudes de onda de0,3 a9,6 mm., que permiten una visi\u00f3n del universo hasta diez veces m\u00e1s n\u00edtida que el telescopio espacial Hubble. Detr\u00e1s, est\u00e1 el principal consorcio del sector a nivel mundial: el Observatorio Europeo Austral (ESO), compuesto por 15 pa\u00edses, pero que para este proyecto se trabaj\u00f3 en alianza entre Europa, Asia Oriental y Am\u00e9rica del Norte. De hecho, la fracci\u00f3n de Estados Unidos est\u00e1 a cargo dela Associated Universities(AUI), que opera el Observatorio Radioastron\u00f3mico Nacional, ligada ala Fundaci\u00f3nNacionalde Ciencia de Estados Unidos (NSF).<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Chile, de a poco, ha logrado sacar ventaja. Si bien cede los terrenos para la construcci\u00f3n de los proyectos, ha establecido cl\u00e1usulas que contemplan que  10% de la observaci\u00f3n debe quedar en manos de chilenos, lo que ha ayudado a consolidar en los \u00faltimos 50 a\u00f1os la masa cr\u00edtica y proyectos de ciencia b\u00e1sica a nivel nacional, explicaMario Hamuy, director del Instituto Milenio de Astrof\u00edsica y acad\u00e9mico dela Universidadde Chile. De hecho, Eduardo Hardy, director en Chile de AUI, explica que incluso se tiene m\u00e1s tiempo de observaci\u00f3n que los pa\u00edses miembros, como en el caso de Alma, que tiene 18 socios. El pa\u00eds tiene el mejor acceso a la infraestructura de observaci\u00f3n del mundo. <\/span><\/p>\n

Esto ha incidido en los recursos que la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (Conicyt), por ejemplo, ha entregado para su estudio. Si en 2006 contemplaba un financiamiento total para astronom\u00eda de $ 1.074 millones para concursos, investigaci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3n de especialistas y creaci\u00f3n de consorcios universitarios, a 2014 esa cifra lleg\u00f3 a $ 4.460 millones. <\/p>\n

Hoy, el pa\u00eds est\u00e1 en condiciones de dar nuevos pasos. As\u00ed lo saben tambi\u00e9n desde el Gobierno e instituciones p\u00fablicas y privadas. A la hora de analizar los datos de la inversi\u00f3n total de los proyectos, s\u00f3lo 20% lo ejecutan empresas nacionales, principalmente, en obras civiles e infraestructura. De hecho, la \u00faltima licitaci\u00f3n para la construcci\u00f3n del camino y aplanamiento de la cumbre del cerro Armazones del European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) por 
US$ 200 millones (correspondiente a 20% del monto total del proyecto) qued\u00f3 en manos de Icafal. <\/p>\n

Sin embargo, el pa\u00eds est\u00e1 condiciones de superar ese 20% de participaci\u00f3n en las inversiones, explican enla Oficinade Enlace Industrial (ILO), dependiente del Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, ya que existe un abanico de opciones de nuevos negocios: proyectos de IT (tecnolog\u00edas de la informaci\u00f3n), redes de conexi\u00f3n, gesti\u00f3n de big data, software de ingenier\u00eda s\u00edsmica, son algunas de las \u00e1reas que m\u00e1s proyecciones tienen, comenta Andr\u00e9s Zahler, jefe dela Divisi\u00f3nde Innovaci\u00f3n de esta cartera. A la fecha, hay tan s\u00f3lo diez empresas chilenas que trabajan como proveedoras, como es el caso de Axys, Gismac, Astronorte; por ello es que urge aumentar la oferta. <\/span><\/p>\n

De ah\u00ed que la hoja de ruta dela ILOest\u00e1 concentrada en estrechar lazos con los directores de los proyectos instalados (que requieren mantenci\u00f3n y\/o modernizaci\u00f3n) o que est\u00e1n por instalarse en Chile, de manera de monitorear los desaf\u00edos tecnol\u00f3gicos y de ingenier\u00eda de las estructuras, en la cual pueda participar la industria chilena. Y tambi\u00e9n apostar por losjoint venturecon empresas internacionales, ya que existen varias licitaciones que est\u00e1n restringidas a los pa\u00edses miembros de los observatorios, aunque en algunas de ellas, las empresas deben tener presencia en Chile, explica Fernando Comer\u00f3n, representante de ESO en el pa\u00eds. Destaca eso s\u00ed, que Chile tendr\u00eda m\u00e1s opciones si fuera miembro permanente del consorcio. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sin embargo, el Ministerio de Econom\u00eda desecha esa opci\u00f3n, prefieren continuar con 10% de la observaci\u00f3n y buscar alianzas por otros caminos.<\/p>\n

Karen Molina, subdirectora de Energ\u00eda, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n y Emprendimiento del Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, explica que hoy el inter\u00e9s est\u00e1 en generar un mayor v\u00ednculo con quienes toman las decisiones en los observatorios, para ver d\u00f3nde Chile puede aportar. Aclara, que la astronom\u00eda no permite trabajar a escala, por lo que la idea es que dichos desarrollos puedan ser aplicados a otras industrias. Por ese motivo es que han sido las universidades las que est\u00e1n dando los primeros pasos, donde ya est\u00e1n conversando las facultades de astronom\u00eda con ingenier\u00eda, por ejemplo, para el desarrollo de instrumentaci\u00f3n y nuevas tecnolog\u00edas.<\/span><\/p>\n

 Importancia de las universidades<\/strong><\/p>\n

La academia ha sido la que m\u00e1s se ha vinculado en el \u00faltimo tiempo con los observatorios. Han logrado, caso a caso, ser part\u00edcipes de la creaci\u00f3n de nuevos instrumentos. Eduardo Hardy, dela AUI, comenta que, por ejemplo, una parte del software que se utiliza para controlar las antenas y extraer informaci\u00f3n, fue desarrollado, en parte, porla UniversidadT\u00e9cnicaFederico Santa Mar\u00eda (USM). Tiene uso en la astronom\u00eda, pero tambi\u00e9n se puede destinar a la industria chilena, ya que puede enfocarse en el uso industrial de robots.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Desde la vereda de los responsables de los observatorios se est\u00e1 valorando cada vez m\u00e1s el trabajo de las universidades. Por ejemplo, Chris Smith, representante de Aura en Chile, y que est\u00e1 detr\u00e1s del Large Sinoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) que involucra recursos por US$ 600 millones, revela que su construcci\u00f3n fue realizada en suelo nacional, y pese a que considera que al pa\u00eds le falta a\u00fan avanzar en el desarrollo de alta tecnolog\u00eda, tendr\u00e1 participaci\u00f3n en la parte de instrumentaci\u00f3n. Por ello, ya est\u00e1n en contacto con instituciones como el centro de modelamiento matem\u00e1tico de la Universidad de Chile para el desarrollo de algoritmos para el manejo de datos y con la USM.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Por otro lado, la comunidad cient\u00edfica es la m\u00e1s interesada en participar, cuenta Mario Hamuy. El a\u00f1o pasado se form\u00f3 el Instituto Milenio de Astrof\u00edsica al alero de cinco universidades, para abordar el estudio del an\u00e1lisis de grandes vol\u00famenes de datos, donde, por primera vez, confluyen en un lugar astr\u00f3nomos, matem\u00e1ticos, inform\u00e1ticos e ingenieros. Es la apuesta del futuro, de hecho, el LSST producir\u00e1 15 terabyte (un tera son mil gigas) por noche, por lo que hay que prepararse para procesar tal cantidad de informaci\u00f3n. <\/span><\/p>\n

El Centro de Astronom\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00edas Afines (CATA), en tanto, lleva siete a\u00f1os de trabajo en instrumentaci\u00f3n astron\u00f3mica y reci\u00e9n hoy est\u00e1n empezando a ver algunos logros, como la construcci\u00f3n de uno de los detectores para ALMA, Banda 1, en alianza con laboratorios extranjeros.<\/p>\n

Estos son los primeros pasos del pa\u00eds, que est\u00e1 cimentando el camino para ser unhubde atracci\u00f3n astron\u00f3mica. Para los expertos, Chile tiene potencial, s\u00f3lo falta que los privados estrechen lazos con la industria e incursionen en nuevos proyectos. <\/span><\/p>\n

REC: Crece imagen pa\u00eds<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

La astronom\u00eda tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 permeando la imagen del pa\u00eds en el mundo. Seg\u00fanla Fundaci\u00f3nImagende Chile, desde 2012 se ha transformado en un tema emergente y relevante en la difusi\u00f3n internacional. La inauguraci\u00f3n de ALMA en 2013, posicion\u00f3 al pa\u00eds como una de las fuentes principales en el estudio del cosmos y protagonista de vanguardia en la ciencia, comentan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Est\u00e1 creciendo fuerte el turismo astron\u00f3mico propiamente tal. La subsecretaria de Turismo, Javiera Montes, reconoce que el pa\u00eds es uno de los pocos que puede apostar a ello. La Regi\u00f3n de Coquimbo es la que lidera, ya que tiene la mayor concentraci\u00f3n de observatorios cient\u00edficos  y tur\u00edsticos de todo el mundo, lo que implica que al a\u00f1o reciba m\u00e1s de un mill\u00f3n de turistas que no s\u00f3lo buscan el sol y playas, generando as\u00ed una l\u00ednea de negocios asociada a la hoteler\u00eda, tour operadores, gastronom\u00eda, entre otros. <\/p>\n

Nuevos observatorios<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nombre<\/strong><\/td>\nInversi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\nOperaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\nUbicaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\nA\u00f1o funcionamiento<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

European Extremely Large Telescope
(E-ELT)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

US$ 1.400 millones<\/td>\nESO<\/td>\nCerro Armazones, Regi\u00f3n de Antofagasta<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) <\/td>\nUS$ 900 millones<\/td>\n\n

Consorcio internacional: universidades Nacional de Australia, Texas, Arizona, Chicago, entre otras. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Cerro Las Campanas, Regi\u00f3n de Coquimbo<\/td>\n2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Large Sinoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)<\/td>\nUS$ 600 millones<\/td>\nAURA<\/td>\nCerro Pach\u00f3n, Regi\u00f3n de Coquimbo<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Cornell Caltech Atacama
Telescope (CCAT)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

US$ 100 millones<\/td>\n\n

Consorcio internacional: Universidad de Cornell, Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda de
California y Laboratorio de Propulsi\u00f3n
Jet, entre otros.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Cerro Chajnantor, Regi\u00f3n de Antofagasta<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO)<\/td>\nUS$ 100 millones<\/td>\nUniversidad de Tokio<\/td>\nCerro Chajnantor, Regi\u00f3n de Antofagasta<\/td>\n2018<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n

History tells us that in 1850 a US Navy expedition landed in Chile. Two years later, the Chilean state took the decision to purchase the expedition\u2019s instrumentation and subsequently established the first observatories in Latin America on its national territory. In the process, it became the most astronomically active nation in the nineteenth century. The site in question was the National Astronomical Observatory located on the summit of Cerro Santa Luc\u00eda in Santiago. To escape from the encroaching intensity of the city center and its lights, the observatory was first moved to Quinta Normal and, at a later date, to Cerro Cal\u00e1n, where it remains located today. Nevertheless, it was the construction of Cerro Tololo Observatory in Chile\u2019s Fourth Region in 1962 by the US Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), which marked the beginning of Chilean astronomy and its associated industry.<\/p>\n

In the run-up to 2020, the eyes of the world will be on Chile. The construction of five astronomical projects, with investment totaling more than US$4.4 billion, according to the latest figures from the Chilean Federation of Industry (SOFOFA), will mean that over 70% of global observation is concentrated in Chile.  Significantly, this is not just an auspicious outlook from the scientific point of view, but also from that of business. These projects are driving public and private impetus, helping to generate the conditions necessary for a strong domestic sector based on the supply of astronomy. In the future, such an industry will be genuinely capable of contributing to other sectors of the economy, including mining, telecommunications, IT, construction and others. In addition, it will act like a magnet for international business.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The quality and location of Chilean skies have become the main ingredients in building such instruments in the country. To date, there are 37 recorded sites, 18 of which are for scientific observation and 19 for tourism and amateur star-gazing purposes. The latest to become operational was the Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array, known as ALMA, in 2013. At present, it is the most expensive, at US$1.3 billion (with US$500 million coming from the US) and the most powerful telescope in the world. Located on the plain of Chajnantor, near San Pedro de Atacama, it is composed of 66 high precision antennas which operate at wavelengths of 0.3 to 9.6 mm. This allows for views of the universe up to ten times sharper than those available from the Hubble space telescope. Behind the scenes, this is the industry\u2019s main consortium at the global level. The European Southern Observatory (ESO), which is composed of 15 countries, plays a key role in the site. However, work on the project was undertaken by an alliance between Europe, East Asia and North America. The US section of the observatory is controlled by the Associated Universities (AUI), which operates the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, in association with the US National Science Foundation (NSF).<\/p>\n

Little by little, Chile has managed to make the most of this situation. While it cedes land for the construction of the projects, it has established clauses guaranteeing that 10% of all observations pertain to Chilean scientists. Over the last 50 years, this has helped to consolidate the critical mass and basic science projects at the national level, as explained by Mario Hamuy, Director of the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics and academic from the University of Chile. In fact, Eduardo Hardy, Director of the AIU in Chile, explains that, in addition, the country actually has greater observation time than the consortium\u2019s constituent countries, as is the case with ALMA, which has 18 members. As a consequence, Chile has the best access to observation infrastructure in the world.<\/p>\n

This has had an impact on the amount of funding provided by the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), for example with regard to its investigations. While in 2006, total astronomy funding for competitions, research, specialist training and the creation of university consortia was CLP$1.074 billion, in 2014 this figure reached CLP$4.46 billion.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The country is now ready to take the next step, and the Government, its public institutions and the private sector know it. Analysis of data from total project investment shows that only 20% is being implemented by domestic companies, mainly in civil engineering works and infrastructure. In fact, the latest tender for the construction of the road and surface levelling of Cerro Armazones, for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), for US$200 million (representing 20% of the total project amount) was won by the local engineering and construction firm Icafal.<\/p>\n

However, the country is well-positioned to surpass its 20% participation in the investments process, as explained by the Industrial Liaison Office (ILO), a subsidiary of the Ministry of Economy. This is largely due to the plethora of options available to new businesses. Andr\u00e9s Zahler, Head of the ILO Innovations Division, lists Information Technology projects, network connections, big data management, and earthquake engineering software as just some of the areas with the biggest projections. To date, there are only ten Chilean businesses working as suppliers, including Axys, Gismac and Astronorte. This relatively low number is the reason why an increase in supply is being sought with such urgency. <\/span><\/p>\n

As such, the roadmap of the ILO is focused on strengthening ties with the directors of the completed projects (those requiring ongoing maintenance and\/or modernizing) or those due for construction in Chile. In this way, the body can monitor the technological and engineering challenges of the facilities, and seek opportunities in which Chilean industry can participate. Furthermore, this enables the domestic sector to position itself for joint ventures with international businesses, given that certain tenders are limited to observatory member countries only. Although, in some such cases, as Fernando Comer\u00f3n, Chilean representative of the ESO explains, in order to submit their tenders certain companies must have business presence in Chile. Nonetheless, he points out that Chile would have more options open to it if it were a permanent member of the consortium.  <\/span><\/p>\n

The Ministry of Economy, however, is opposed to this option, preferring to maintain its 10% observation stake and instead seeking alternative paths. <\/span><\/p>\n

Karen Molina, Deputy Director of Energy, Science and Technology, and Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Ministry of Economy, explains that interest today is in generating greater links with decision-makers at the observatories, in order to gauge the best areas in which Chile can contribute. She clarifies that, as astronomy is not a scalable industry, the idea is for the aforementioned projects to be applied to other industries. That is why the universities are the ones to have taken the initial steps. Indeed, astronomy faculties are already in discussions with the engineering sector, for example, in order to develop instrumentation and new technologies. <\/span><\/p>\n

Importance of the universities<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Academia has been the area most closely linked to the observatories over recent years. They have managed, case by case, to become participants in the creation of new instruments. Eduardo Hardy from AUI mentions that, for example, part of the software used for controlling the antennas and extracting the relevant information was developed, in part, by the Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University (USM). The software is used in astronomy, but it can also be applied to Chilean industry, with a special focus on the industrial use of robots. <\/span><\/p>\n

Those in charge of running the observatories are placing increasing value on the work being done by the universities. For example, Chris Smith, AURA representative in Chile and the man behind the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which accounts for US$600 million in resources, explains that the construction of the telescope took place in Chile. Although he believes the country is still lacking in the development of highly advanced technology, he says that it will be involved in terms of instrumentation. Indeed, AURA is already in contact with different institutions, such as the USM, as well as the Center for Mathematical Modelling of the University of Chile regarding the development of algorithms for data management.  <\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, the scientific community is the most eager of all sectors to participate in the process, says Mario Hamuy. Last year, the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics was formed under the auspices of five universities. The Institute looks into the analysis of large quantities of data and provides a space in which, for the first time, astronomers, mathematicians, IT programmers and engineers can come together. In fact, it is anticipated that the LSST will produce 15 terabytes (one terabyte is 1000 gigabytes) of data every night. The processing of such large quantities of information is the reason behind ongoing preparations. <\/span><\/p>\n

The Center for Astronomy and Associated Technologies (CATA), meanwhile, has spent seven years working on astronomical instrumentation, and only recently has it begun to see some success stories. For example, it has succeeded is constructing one of its receivers for ALMA, Banda 1, in partnership with international laboratories. <\/span><\/p>\n

So the first steps are being taken, paving the way for the country to secure its place as an astronomical hub. Experts agree that Chile has great potential. It simply needs the private actors to strengthen ties with industry and venture into new projects. <\/span><\/p>\n

Enhancing the national image<\/strong><\/p>\n

Astronomy is also helping to enhance Chile\u2019s reputation around the world. According to the Imagen de Chile Foundation, since 2012 it has become an increasingly relevant issue for promoting the country at the international level. As the Foundation notes, the inauguration of ALMA in 2013 positioned the country as one of the primary sources for studying the cosmos, ensuring its place at the cutting edge of science.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Astronomy tourism is also undergoing significant growth. The Undersecretary of Tourism, Javiera Montes, explains that Chile is one of the only countries which can actually rely on this type of industry. The leading national player is the Coquimbo Region, with the largest concentration of scientific and tourist observatories in the word. Every year the Region receives more than a million tourists, and they do not simply seek out sun and beaches. This phenomenon, in turn, generates a range of businesses associated with hotels, tour operators and gastronomy, among others.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Name<\/strong><\/td>\nInvestment<\/strong><\/td>\nOperated by<\/strong><\/td>\nLocation<\/strong><\/td>\nYear entering into operation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

European Extremely Large Telescope
(E-ELT)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

US$1.4 billion<\/td>\nESO<\/td>\nCerro Armazones, Antofagasta Region<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) <\/td>\nUS$900 million<\/td>\nInternational consortium: Australian National University, Texas A&M University, University of Arizona, University of Chicago, among others. <\/td>\nCerro Las Campanas, Coquimbo Region<\/td>\n2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)<\/td>\nUS$600 million<\/td>\nAURA<\/td>\nCerro Pach\u00f3n, Coquimbo Region<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Cornell Caltech Atacama
Telescope (CCAT)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

US$100 million<\/td>\nInternational consortium: Cornell University, California Institute of Technology and its Jet Propulsion Lab, among others.<\/td>\nCerro Chajnantor, Antofagasta Region<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO)<\/td>\nUS$100 million<\/td>\nUniversity of Tokyo<\/td>\nCerro Chajnantor, Antofagasta Region<\/td>\n2018<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

La literatura cuenta que en 1850 una expedici\u00f3n dela Armadade Estados Unidos arrib\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. Dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde el Estado chileno decidi\u00f3 comprar su instrumentaci\u00f3n para establecer en territorio local uno de los primeros observatorios de Latinoam\u00e9rica, el que se transform\u00f3 en el m\u00e1s activo del siglo. Se trata del Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico Nacional en plena cumbre del Cerro Santa Luc\u00eda en Santiago. Escapando del crecimiento y mayor luminosidad de las ciudades, se traslada a la Quinta Normal y, posteriormente, a Cerro Cal\u00e1n, su ubicaci\u00f3n actual.<\/p>\n

La literatura cuenta que en 1850 una expedici\u00f3n dela Armadade Estados Unidos arrib\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. Dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde el Estado chileno decidi\u00f3 comprar su instrumentaci\u00f3n para establecer en territorio local uno de los primeros observatorios de Latinoam\u00e9rica, el que se transform\u00f3 en el m\u00e1s activo del siglo. Se trata del Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico Nacional en plena cumbre del Cerro Santa Luc\u00eda en Santiago. Escapando del crecimiento y mayor luminosidad de las ciudades, se traslada a la Quinta Normal y, posteriormente, a Cerro Cal\u00e1n, su ubicaci\u00f3n actual.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-5286","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La literatura cuenta que en 1850 una expedici\u00f3n dela Armadade Estados Unidos arrib\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. Dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde el Estado chileno decidi\u00f3 comprar su instrumentaci\u00f3n para establecer en territorio local uno de los primeros observatorios de Latinoam\u00e9rica, el que se transform\u00f3 en el m\u00e1s activo del siglo. Se trata del Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico Nacional en plena cumbre del Cerro Santa Luc\u00eda en Santiago. Escapando del crecimiento y mayor luminosidad de las ciudades, se traslada a la Quinta Normal y, posteriormente, a Cerro Cal\u00e1n, su ubicaci\u00f3n actual.La literatura cuenta que en 1850 una expedici\u00f3n dela Armadade Estados Unidos arrib\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. Dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde el Estado chileno decidi\u00f3 comprar su instrumentaci\u00f3n para establecer en territorio local uno de los primeros observatorios de Latinoam\u00e9rica, el que se transform\u00f3 en el m\u00e1s activo del siglo. Se trata del Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico Nacional en plena cumbre del Cerro Santa Luc\u00eda en Santiago. Escapando del crecimiento y mayor luminosidad de las ciudades, se traslada a la Quinta Normal y, posteriormente, a Cerro Cal\u00e1n, su ubicaci\u00f3n actual.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-03-04T15:16:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/\",\"name\":\"Nuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment - AmCham Chile\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-10-07T15:21:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-03-04T15:16:48+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Nuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/\",\"name\":\"AmCham Chile\",\"description\":\"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment - AmCham Chile","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/nuevo-polo-de-atraccion-de-inversiones-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nuevo Polo de Atracci\u00f3n de InversionesThe New Magnet for Attracting Investment - AmCham Chile","og_description":"La literatura cuenta que en 1850 una expedici\u00f3n dela Armadade Estados Unidos arrib\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. 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