{"id":5246,"date":"2014-09-04T17:44:35","date_gmt":"2014-09-04T20:44:35","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-05T10:04:26","modified_gmt":"2015-03-05T13:04:26","slug":"desempleo-alza-controlada","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Desempleo: alza controlada<!--:--><!--:en-->Unemployment: A Controlled Rise<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. No obstante, para muchos&nbsp;de ellos, es un enigma, que con la fuerte&nbsp;desaceleraci\u00f3n y un crecimiento estimado&nbsp;en torno a 3%, el nivel de desempleo no&nbsp;se haya disparado y anote una tasa de&nbsp;6,5%, de acuerdo a los datos entregados&nbsp;por el Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas&nbsp;(INE), correspondientes al trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El Ministro de Econom\u00eda, Luis Felipe&nbsp;C\u00e9spedes, ha sostenido que las cifras&nbsp;que se est\u00e1n registrando en esta materia&nbsp;a\u00fan son muy positivas y que la labor del<br \/>Gobierno, ahora, es seguir fortaleciendo el&nbsp;crecimiento de la econom\u00eda para generar&nbsp;mayor dinamismo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sin embargo, economistas advierten&nbsp;que bajo esa estad\u00edstica subyacen un par&nbsp;de s\u00edntomas a los que vale la pena poner&nbsp;atenci\u00f3n, ya que hablan del deterioro y&nbsp;<span>la mayor fragilidad del mercado laboral&nbsp;<\/span><span>dom\u00e9stico: el avance en el n\u00famero de&nbsp;<\/span><span>los trabajadores por cuenta propia, la&nbsp;<\/span><span>tendencia de disminuci\u00f3n del empleo en&nbsp;<\/span><span>el sector de la construcci\u00f3n y el menor&nbsp;<\/span><span>dinamismo de las mujeres en el mercado&nbsp;<\/span><span>laboral, teniendo en cuenta que en el&nbsp;<\/span><span>trimestre m\u00f3vil abril-junio, hubo 3.270&nbsp;<\/span><span>mujeres menos que salieron a buscar&nbsp;<\/span><span>trabajo en comparaci\u00f3n con el per\u00edodo&nbsp;<\/span><span>marzo-mayo, seg\u00fan el INE.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El aumento de los trabajadores por&nbsp;cuenta propia, ha sido uno de los fen\u00f3menos&nbsp;que m\u00e1s ha llamado la atenci\u00f3n de los&nbsp;analistas y tambi\u00e9n de las autoridades.&nbsp;Durante el trimestre m\u00f3vil abril-junio&nbsp;\u00e9stos, llegaron a sumar 1.627.000, lo que&nbsp;significa que, en los \u00faltimos 12 meses&nbsp;-junio 2013 a junio 2014- el \u00edndice tuvo&nbsp;una variaci\u00f3n de 5,9%, lo que representa&nbsp;el 90% de los 100.770 empleos creados,&nbsp;de acuerdo a cifras del INE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El tema preocupa porque, tal como lo&nbsp;ha se\u00f1alado el Subsecretario del Trabajo,&nbsp;Francisco D\u00edaz, los empleos independientes&nbsp;<span>son, en muchas ocasiones, precarios y&nbsp;<\/span><span>pueden poner en una situaci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad&nbsp;<\/span><span>al trabajador, a diferencia de&nbsp;<\/span><span>un trabajo con contrato que cuenta con&nbsp;<\/span><span>cotizaciones y previsi\u00f3n social.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span><\/span><span>El aumento de este tipo de situaci\u00f3n&nbsp;<\/span><span>laboral, explicar\u00eda, seg\u00fan Alejandro Fern\u00e1ndez,&nbsp;<\/span><span>economista de Gemines, \u201cposiblemente&nbsp;<\/span><span>la antesala de lo que vendr\u00eda a ser&nbsp;<\/span><span>el desempleo abierto en un tiempo m\u00e1s\u201d.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span><\/span><span>El Gobierno, en tanto, ha sostenido, a&nbsp;<\/span><span>trav\u00e9s de la Ministra del Trabajo, Javiera&nbsp;<\/span><span>Blanco, que el aumento de los trabajadores&nbsp;<\/span><span>por cuenta propia es un buen ejemplo&nbsp;<\/span><span>de que no se han generado empleos de&nbsp;<\/span><span>calidad en el pasado y, por ello, el foco&nbsp;<\/span><span>de la cartera estar\u00e1 puesto, justamente,&nbsp;<\/span><span>en impulsar la creaci\u00f3n de ocupaciones&nbsp;<\/span><span>de calidad a trav\u00e9s de una legislaci\u00f3n que&nbsp;<\/span><span>otorgue incentivos y fomente el trabajo&nbsp;<\/span><span>formal.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span><\/span><span>Por otro lado, la evoluci\u00f3n de la fuerza&nbsp;<\/span><span>de trabajo y del empleo tambi\u00e9n son otros&nbsp;<\/span><span>elementos que se deben mirar con especial&nbsp;<\/span><span>detenci\u00f3n. Francisco Klapp, economista&nbsp;<\/span><span>de Libertad y Desarrollo (LyD), se\u00f1ala que&nbsp;<\/span><span>estos dos factores han sido importantes a la&nbsp;<\/span><span>hora de contener la tasa de desocupaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La fuerza de trabajo creci\u00f3 1,6%,&nbsp;mientras que los ocupados subieron 1,3%,&nbsp;en los \u00faltimos 12 meses (junio de 2013&nbsp;a junio de 2014). Sin embargo, respecto<br \/>del trimestre m\u00f3vil anterior (marzo-mayo)&nbsp;se observa una destrucci\u00f3n del empleo&nbsp;asalariado de 20.210 personas, mientras&nbsp;que en 12 meses se crearon apenas&nbsp;12.550 ocupaciones en este segmento,&nbsp;seg\u00fan el INE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En paralelo, el economista agrega que&nbsp;no hay que olvidar lo que est\u00e1 pasando con&nbsp;las mujeres. Hasta el cierre de 2013, eran&nbsp;ellas quienes daban cuenta del mayor dinamismo&nbsp;del mercado laboral. Sin embargo,&nbsp;su participaci\u00f3n ha comenzado a disminuir&nbsp;y ya son menos las que buscan trabajo por&nbsp;primera vez. En el \u00faltimo trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio, fueron 24.470 mujeres las que&nbsp;salieron a buscar trabajo por primera vez,&nbsp;es decir, 3.270 menos que en el trimestre&nbsp;m\u00f3vil inmediatamente anterior y 6.420&nbsp;menos que hace 12 meses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Proyecciones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Con todo, los expertos coinciden en&nbsp;que el aumento del desempleo en lo que&nbsp;resta del a\u00f1o se producir\u00e1, pero no se&nbsp;disparar\u00e1, como explica Sebasti\u00e1n Cerda,&nbsp;director ejecutivo de CorpResearch, para&nbsp;quien no deber\u00eda ser \u201cuna situaci\u00f3n dram\u00e1tica,&nbsp;pero la tasa de desempleo deber\u00eda&nbsp;subir en este segundo semestre\u201d, porque,&nbsp;en general, se observa que los indicadores&nbsp;de productividad est\u00e1n m\u00e1s deteriorados&nbsp;en distintos sectores industriales, por lo&nbsp;que la demanda por trabajo se ve bastante&nbsp;m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil y, a su juicio, deber\u00edamos ver&nbsp;menos crecimiento y aumento en la tasa&nbsp;<span>de desempleo, proyectando un alza de&nbsp;<\/span><span>\u201cno m\u00e1s de medio punto en lo que resta&nbsp;<\/span><span>del a\u00f1o\u201d. Si bien, hoy los niveles est\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/span><span>por debajo de lo que algunos denominan&nbsp;<\/span><span>como la \u201ctasa de pleno empleo\u201d -explica-,&nbsp;<\/span><span>el escenario podr\u00eda ser m\u00e1s favorable si el&nbsp;<\/span><span>mercado laboral fuera \u201clo suficientemente&nbsp;<\/span><span>flexible y, por ejemplo, frente a esta menor&nbsp;<\/span><span>demanda pudiera ajustarse a trav\u00e9s de&nbsp;<\/span><span>salarios m\u00e1s bajos o que \u00e9stos no crezcan&nbsp;<\/span><span>tan r\u00e1pido. As\u00ed, podr\u00edamos sostener tasas&nbsp;<\/span><span>de desempleo en niveles bajos, pero el&nbsp;<\/span><span>mercado a\u00fan tiene ciertas rigideces\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As\u00ed, en la medida que la econom\u00eda siga&nbsp;creciendo a tasas en torno a 3%, sostiene&nbsp;Alejandro Fern\u00e1ndez, lo m\u00e1s probable es&nbsp;que el desempleo tienda a subir de todas&nbsp;maneras de aqu\u00ed a fin de a\u00f1o y \u201cen algunos&nbsp;meses tal vez est\u00e9 m\u00e1s cerca de 7% que de&nbsp;6% o 6,5%, por lo tanto, el cuadro hacia&nbsp;finales de a\u00f1o en t\u00e9rminos del desempleo&nbsp;promedio, podr\u00eda situarse en el rango de&nbsp;6,4% o 6,5%, es decir, bastante parecido&nbsp;al a\u00f1o 2012\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Radiograf\u00eda de los trabajadores por&nbsp;cuenta propia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uno de los elementos que m\u00e1s est\u00e1 llamando la atenci\u00f3n es el aumento de los&nbsp;trabajadores por cuenta propia, el que registr\u00f3, de acuerdo a cifras del \u00faltimo informe&nbsp;de empleo del INE, un incremento anual -junio 2013-junio 2014- de 5,9%&nbsp;por sobre los asalariados que alcanzaron s\u00f3lo 0,4% en igual per\u00edodo. Un cambio&nbsp;en el escenario, puesto que hasta hace poco, el peso relativo sobre el total de ocupados,&nbsp;lo lideraba el segmento de asalariados. Hoy, es el segundo en importancia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De acuerdo a las cifras del INE, se desprende que, en general, la mayor parte de&nbsp;los independientes se concentra en tramos de edad entre los 45 y 64 a\u00f1os, con un&nbsp;mayor porcentaje de hombres (57,5%) y que, en su mayor\u00eda (48%), laboran de una&nbsp;a 30 horas en la semana o en jornada parcial. Seguido de un 29,3% que dedica&nbsp;46 horas o m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La proyecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 en l\u00ednea con la presentada&nbsp;recientemente por el Fondo Monetario&nbsp;Internacional (FMI), que en su informe&nbsp;para Chile, respald\u00f3 de manera general las&nbsp;reformas tributaria, laboral, energ\u00e9tica y&nbsp;educacional, que est\u00e1 implementando el&nbsp;Gobierno de Michelle Bachelet. Con todo,&nbsp;recort\u00f3 su proyecci\u00f3n de crecimiento para&nbsp;2014, desde 3,6% a 3,2%, y se\u00f1al\u00f3 que la&nbsp;econom\u00eda chilena continuar\u00e1 en un proceso&nbsp;de desaceleraci\u00f3n en lo que resta del&nbsp;a\u00f1o, proyectando que reci\u00e9n hacia 2016&nbsp;la actividad desplegar\u00eda un crecimiento&nbsp;cercano a su potencial, fij\u00e1ndolo entre&nbsp;4,2% y 4,3% en 2017. En esa ruta, prev\u00e9&nbsp;que la demanda interna anotar\u00e1 una leve&nbsp;alza de 2,7% este a\u00f1o, mientras que en&nbsp;el pr\u00f3ximo trienio se expandir\u00e1 un 4,3%&nbsp;promedio. Y en t\u00e9rminos de desempleo, el&nbsp;organismo internacional pronostic\u00f3 que&nbsp;finalizar\u00e1 el a\u00f1o en 6,4%, al igual que en&nbsp;los pr\u00f3ximos tres ejercicios.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El Fondo Monetario Internacional,&nbsp;adem\u00e1s, realiz\u00f3 algunas recomendaciones&nbsp;para el mercado laboral chileno. Para el&nbsp;organismo una de las principales prioridades&nbsp;es promover la participaci\u00f3n femenina&nbsp;en la fuerza de trabajo (incluyendo&nbsp;capacitaci\u00f3n y mejoras en el acceso a salas&nbsp;cuna). Asimismo, defini\u00f3 el salario m\u00ednimo&nbsp;como \u201cbastante bajo\u201d y record\u00f3 que el&nbsp;compromiso del Gobierno de la presidenta&nbsp;Michelle Bachelet es aumentarlo 20% en los&nbsp;pr\u00f3ximos tres a\u00f1os. Por otro lado, remarc\u00f3&nbsp;la importancia de mantener un mercado&nbsp;laboral que permita la flexibilidad, mientras&nbsp;se busca la equidad y apunt\u00f3 espec\u00edficamente&nbsp;a temas como las indemnizaciones,&nbsp;la urgencia de establecer distintos tipos de&nbsp;jornadas laborales y mejorar la eficiencia&nbsp;de los programas de capacitaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Comportamiento por sector<br \/><\/strong><br \/>La construcci\u00f3n, sector por natura<span>leza intensivo en mano de obra, seguir\u00e1&nbsp;<\/span><span>liderando la baja en el empleo en lo&nbsp;<\/span><span>que resta del a\u00f1o, se\u00f1alan los expertos.&nbsp;<\/span><span>Durante los \u00faltimos 12 meses, contados&nbsp;<\/span><span>a partir de junio, este sector registr\u00f3 una&nbsp;<\/span><span>ca\u00edda en la ocupaci\u00f3n de 4.190 plazas,&nbsp;<\/span><span>lo que constituye un descenso de 0,6%&nbsp;<\/span><span>en el per\u00edodo. Pero no ser\u00eda el \u00fanico, el&nbsp;<\/span><span>comercio deber\u00eda comenzar a seguir esta&nbsp;<\/span><span>tendencia. En el \u00faltimo trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;<\/span><span>abril-junio, la tasa de ocupados en este&nbsp;<\/span><span>sector cay\u00f3 2,4%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cLos sectores m\u00e1s afectados deber\u00edan&nbsp;ser los mismos que han mantenido&nbsp;las ca\u00eddas m\u00e1s marcadas: la&nbsp;construcci\u00f3n y, en una segunda&nbsp;etapa, el comercio\u201d, expresa&nbsp;Sebasti\u00e1n Cerda.&nbsp;La voz de alerta ya la puso la&nbsp;C\u00e1mara Nacional de Comercio,&nbsp;Servicios y Turismo de Chile&nbsp;(CNC), al se\u00f1alar que el consumo<br \/>se est\u00e1 frenando. De acuerdo a sus&nbsp;cifras, el primer semestre termin\u00f3 con un&nbsp;aumento de las ventas de 3,7%, muy por&nbsp;debajo del alza de 10% registrada en igual&nbsp;per\u00edodo de 2013 y de 9,4% de la segunda&nbsp;mitad del mismo a\u00f1o. De hecho, es la&nbsp;menor variaci\u00f3n desde la ca\u00edda observada&nbsp;en 2009, cuando en su conjunto, acus\u00f3&nbsp;una baja de 1% del PIB en respuesta a&nbsp;la crisis financiera internacional.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El d\u00e9bil resultado hasta junio se&nbsp;explica por la alta base de comparaci\u00f3n,&nbsp;ya que en los mismos meses de 2013&nbsp;el alza del comercio minorista lleg\u00f3 a&nbsp;10,7%; y por la desaceleraci\u00f3n de la&nbsp;econom\u00eda, influida por una baja en el&nbsp;consumo de los hogares, las presiones&nbsp;inflacionarias, un menor crecimiento de<br \/>las remuneraciones reales y el descenso&nbsp;de la inversi\u00f3n, sostiene la CNC. Agrega&nbsp;que durante el trimestre m\u00f3vil abril-junio,&nbsp;las ventas del comercio minorista de la&nbsp;Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana promediaron un&nbsp;crecimiento de 3,7%, tras un alza de 3,6%&nbsp;registrada en el per\u00edodo inmediatamente&nbsp;anterior, pero muy lejos de los niveles de&nbsp;crecimiento observados el a\u00f1o pasado,&nbsp;cuando el trimestre m\u00f3vil abril-junio lleg\u00f3&nbsp;a una expansi\u00f3n de 11,5%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este magro desempe\u00f1o dicen los&nbsp;economistas, no s\u00f3lo da cuenta de la&nbsp;desacelaraci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda chilena,&nbsp;sino que, adem\u00e1s, ser\u00eda caldo de cultivo<br \/>para que se produjera una mayor destrucci\u00f3n&nbsp;del empleo en este sector durante el&nbsp;segundo semestre de este a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p>A rise in the unemployment rate, but not in a dramatic way.&nbsp; This is what experts are predicting for the second quarter in terms of the national workforce. However, many agree that this is a puzzling situation: that the strong slowdown and estimated economic growth of around 3% has not produced an unemployment rate greater than the 6.5% recorded by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) for the rolling quarter of April-June.<\/p>\n<p>The Minister of Economy, Luis Felipe C\u00e9spedes, argues that figures being registered in this area are still very positive, and that the work of the Government now is to continue strengthening economic growth to ensure greater dynamism.<\/p>\n<p>However, economists warn that beneath this statistic lie two noteworthy symptoms, relating to the decline and growing fragility of the domestic labor market: the growth of self-employed workers and the decreasing dynamism of women in the labor market. The latter of these refers to the quarter of April-June in which there were 3,270 fewer job-seeking women compared to the period March-May, according to the INE. The increase in the number of self-employed workers has been one of the most noteworthy phenomena for both analysts and the authorities. During the rolling quarter of April-June, the number of self-employed workers reached 1,627,000. This means that, during the last 12 months, from June 2013 to June 2014, the index was subject to a 5.9% variation. This represents 90% of the 100,700 jobs created during this period, according to INE figures.<\/p>\n<p>The increase in the number of self-employed workers has been one of the most noteworthy phenomena for both analysts and the authorities.<\/p>\n<p>It is a preoccupying issue because, as the Undersecretary for Labor, Francisco D\u00edaz, has pointed out, self-employed jobs are often precarious and can place the worker in a vulnerable situation, unlike a contracted worker who makes social welfare payments.<\/p>\n<p>According to the economist Alejandro Fern\u00e1ndez, from Gemines, the increase in this type of work situation could possibly be \u201cthe precursor to what could become of open unemployment in the future\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>On this issue, the Government has argued, via the Minister of Labor, Javiera Blanco, that the increase in the number of self-employed workers is a good example of the failure to create quality jobs in the past. As such, she says that her Ministry will focus specifically on boosting the creation of quality jobs by means of legislation to incentivize and strengthen formal labor.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, the evolution of the workforce and employment are also other elements that must be considered with due attention. Francisco Klapp, economist from Libertad y Desarrollo (LyD), claims these two factors have been important in containing the unemployment rate.<\/p>\n<p>Over the last 12 months (June 2013 to June 2014), the national workforce grew by 1.6%, while those in work rose 1.3%. However, in respect to the previous rolling quarter (March-May), there were 20,210 job losses registered, while in 12 months just 12,550 jobs were created in this area, according to the INE.<\/p>\n<p>There was a 5.9% increase in the number of self-employed workers over the last 12 months (June 2013 to June 2014), according to INE statistics.<\/p>\n<p>21,550 salaried jobs were created over the last 12 months.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, the economist adds that the situation occurring among women must not be ignored. Up to the end of 2013, women represented the most dynamic group within the labor market. However, their participation has begun falling, and there are now fewer women seeking work for the first time. In the previous rolling quarter of April-June, 24,470 women sought work for the first time. This is 3,270 less than in the preceding rolling quarter and 6,420 less than 12 months ago.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Projections<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Overall, experts agree that unemployment will continue to rise during 2014, but not at a fast rate. As Sebasti\u00e1n Cerda, Executive Director of CorpResearch, explains, this should not be \u201ca dramatic situation, but the unemployment rate should rise during the second half of the year\u201d because, in general, productivity indicators are lower across different industrial sectors. This means job demand is much weaker and, according to Cerda, there should be less growth and a rise in the unemployment rate. He projects an increase of \u201cno more than half a percentage point during the rest of the year\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>While current levels are lower than what some deem to be the \u201cfull employment rate\u201d \u2013 he explains \u2013 the situation could be more favorable if the labor market were \u201cas flexible as possible and, for example, in facing this decrease in demand, it could be adjusted by means of lower wages or ones that didn\u2019t grow so fast. That way, we could maintain low unemployment rates, but the market is still subject to various rigidities\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>To the extent that the economy keeps growing at around the rate of 3%, argues Alejandro Fern\u00e1ndez, the most likely situation is for unemployment to rise from now until the end of the year and \u201cin a few months, it might be closer to 7% than 6% or 6.5%&#8230;therefore, the outlook to the end of the year in terms of average unemployment could be in the range of 6.4% or 6.5%, very similar to 2012\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis of self-employed workers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the most noteworthy aspects is the increase in the number of self-employed workers. According to figures from the latest INE employment report, this group of workers grew by 5.9% (June 2013-June 2014) compared to last year. This compares to an increase of just 0.4% among salaried workers over the same period. This represents a change in the scenario, given that until recently, the relative weight of the total number of jobs meant that the salaried worker represented the most prominent segment. Now, it is the second most important. According to INE figures, generally the majority of self-employed workers fall into the age category of 45-64, most are men (57.5%) and nearly half (48%) work between one and 30 hours a week or on another part-time basis. A total of 29.3% work 46 hours or more a week.<\/p>\n<p>The projection is in line with recent International Monetary Fund (IMF) findings. In its report on Chile, the IMF gave general backing to the tax, labor, energy and educational reforms being implemented by the Government of Michelle Bachelet. Overall, it cut its growth projection for the country for 2014, from 3.6% to 3.2%, arguing that the Chilean economy will continue to experience a slowdown in growth during the rest of the year. As such, it projected that until 2016, activity could result in growth approaching its potential, fixing this between 4.2% and 4.3% in 2017. In this way, it forecasts a slight rise in internal demand of 2.7% this year, which will then grow at an average rate of 4.3% over the following three years. And regarding unemployment, it predicts a rate of 6.4% for the end of the year, the same as the next three years.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the IMF has compiled certain recommendations for the Chilean labor market. According to the international body, one of the main priorities is to promote female participation in the workforce (including training and improved access to childcare). Likewise, it has described the minimum wage as \u201cvery low\u201d and recalled the commitment of the Bachelet Government to increase it by 20% over the next three years. On the other hand, it has reiterated the importance of ensuring a flexible labor market that seeks equality, referring specifically to issues like compensation, the urgent need to establish different types of working days and to improve the effectiveness of training programs.<\/p>\n<p>The IMF predicts an unemployment rate of 6.4% for the end of the year in Chile.<\/p>\n<p>There were 24,470 women seeking work for the first time in the latest rolling quarter of April-June.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performance by sector<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to experts, the construction sector, which is manual labor intensive by nature, will continue to lead the drop in employment for the rest of the year. During the last 12 months up to the beginning of June, this sector registered a fall in the number of jobs of 4,190. This represents a 0.6% reduction over the period. But it will not be the only industry to experience this trend, as the commercial sector is set to follow suit. In the last rolling quarter of April-June, the number of jobs in this industry fell by 2.4%.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe most affected sectors should be those in which the sharpest falls have been experienced: construction and, in a second phase, commerce\u201d, says Sebasti\u00e1n Cerda.<\/p>\n<p>The warning bell has already been rung by the Chilean National Chamber of Commerce, Services and Tourism (CNC), which has warned that consumption is slowing. According to CNC figures, the first quarter ended with an increase in sales of 3.7%, well below the increase of 10% registered in the same period in 2013, and the 9.4% seen in the second half of last year. In fact, it is the lowest variation since the decline of 2009, when as a whole it contributed to a 1% fall of GDP in response to the international financial crisis.<\/p>\n<p>The CNC argues that weak results to June are explained by the high comparison base, given that in the same months of 2013, there was a 10.7% rise in the retail sector. They can also be attributed to the slowdown of the economy, as well as the influence of a fall in household consumption, inflationary pressures, a rise in real wages and a fall in investment. The CNC adds that during the rolling quarter of April-June, retail sales in the Metropolitan Region grew on average by 3.7%, following a rise of 3.6% in the preceding quarter. But this rate remains well below those registered last year, when, during the rolling quarter of April-June, it grew by 11.5%.<\/p>\n<p>According to economists, this lean performance not only proves the slowdown of the Chilean economy, but that it could also provide a breeding ground for additional job losses in this sector during the second half of the year.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The national workforce grew by 1.6% between June 2013 and June 2014<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. No obstante, para muchos&nbsp;de ellos, es un enigma, que con la fuerte&nbsp;desaceleraci\u00f3n y un crecimiento estimado&nbsp;en torno a 3%, el nivel de desempleo no&nbsp;se haya disparado y anote una tasa de&nbsp;6,5%, de acuerdo a los datos entregados&nbsp;por el Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas&nbsp;(INE), correspondientes al trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. No obstante, para muchos&nbsp;de ellos, es un enigma, que con la fuerte&nbsp;desaceleraci\u00f3n y un crecimiento estimado&nbsp;en torno a 3%, el nivel de desempleo no&nbsp;se haya disparado y anote una tasa de&nbsp;6,5%, de acuerdo a los datos entregados&nbsp;por el Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas&nbsp;(INE), correspondientes al trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-5246","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Desempleo: alza controladaUnemployment: A Controlled Rise - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Desempleo: alza controladaUnemployment: A Controlled Rise - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. No obstante, para muchos&nbsp;de ellos, es un enigma, que con la fuerte&nbsp;desaceleraci\u00f3n y un crecimiento estimado&nbsp;en torno a 3%, el nivel de desempleo no&nbsp;se haya disparado y anote una tasa de&nbsp;6,5%, de acuerdo a los datos entregados&nbsp;por el Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas&nbsp;(INE), correspondientes al trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio.Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. No obstante, para muchos&nbsp;de ellos, es un enigma, que con la fuerte&nbsp;desaceleraci\u00f3n y un crecimiento estimado&nbsp;en torno a 3%, el nivel de desempleo no&nbsp;se haya disparado y anote una tasa de&nbsp;6,5%, de acuerdo a los datos entregados&nbsp;por el Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas&nbsp;(INE), correspondientes al trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-03-05T13:04:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/\",\"name\":\"Desempleo: alza controladaUnemployment: A Controlled Rise - AmCham Chile\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-09-04T20:44:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-03-05T13:04:26+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Desempleo: alza controladaUnemployment: A Controlled Rise\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/\",\"name\":\"AmCham Chile\",\"description\":\"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Desempleo: alza controladaUnemployment: A Controlled Rise - AmCham Chile","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/desempleo-alza-controlada\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Desempleo: alza controladaUnemployment: A Controlled Rise - AmCham Chile","og_description":"Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. No obstante, para muchos&nbsp;de ellos, es un enigma, que con la fuerte&nbsp;desaceleraci\u00f3n y un crecimiento estimado&nbsp;en torno a 3%, el nivel de desempleo no&nbsp;se haya disparado y anote una tasa de&nbsp;6,5%, de acuerdo a los datos entregados&nbsp;por el Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas&nbsp;(INE), correspondientes al trimestre m\u00f3vil&nbsp;abril-junio.Aumento en la tasa de desempleo,&nbsp;pero no de una manera&nbsp;dram\u00e1tica. Eso es lo que proyectan&nbsp;los expertos respecto del&nbsp;segundo semestre en materia&nbsp;de fuerza laboral. 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