{"id":5245,"date":"2014-09-04T15:50:21","date_gmt":"2014-09-04T18:50:21","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-05T10:05:28","modified_gmt":"2015-03-05T13:05:28","slug":"chile-inflexion-macroeconomica-en-el-horizonte","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/chile-inflexion-macroeconomica-en-el-horizonte\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Chile: Inflexi\u00f3n Macroecon\u00f3mica en el Horizonte<!--:--><!--:en-->Chile: Macro-economic inflection point on the horizon<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por los \u00faltimos 12 meses, Chile&nbsp;ha estado mostrando datos&nbsp;macroecon\u00f3micos m\u00e1s d\u00e9biles&nbsp;con respecto al a\u00f1o anterior,&nbsp;con el PIB desacelerando, principalmente&nbsp;por una ca\u00edda en la inversi\u00f3n,&nbsp;como producto de efectos externos y la&nbsp;incertidumbre con la reforma tributaria.&nbsp;Sin embargo, al parecer, Chile se est\u00e1&nbsp;acercando a un punto de inflexi\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mico,&nbsp;con 1) la situaci\u00f3n externa&nbsp;mejor\u00e1ndose, 2) el Gobierno moderando&nbsp;su tono con respecto a la reforma tributaria,&nbsp;3) la inflaci\u00f3n suaviz\u00e1ndose, dando&nbsp;m\u00e1s flexibilidad al Banco Central en su&nbsp;pol\u00edtica monetaria y 4) un nuevo paquete&nbsp;de est\u00edmulo anunciado por el Gobierno.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Desde abril de 2013, las expectativas&nbsp;de crecimiento del PIB para 2014 y 2015&nbsp;han estado a la baja, cayendo desde 5% en&nbsp;promedio hasta 2,9% y 3,8%, respectivamente,&nbsp;seg\u00fan la \u00faltima encuesta del Banco&nbsp;Central. Durante este tiempo, el IMACEC,&nbsp;un proxy de PIB mensual medido por el&nbsp;Banco Central, ha estado bajando, llegando&nbsp;a solo 2,3% en abril y mayo de este a\u00f1o.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Esto est\u00e1 explicado principalmente por&nbsp;una ca\u00edda en la inversi\u00f3n. La formaci\u00f3n&nbsp;bruta de capital fijo ha ca\u00eddo en t\u00e9rminos&nbsp;porcentuales a\u00f1o contra a\u00f1o, algo que se&nbsp;inici\u00f3 en el tercer trimestre de 2013 por&nbsp;primera vez desde 2009. Factores externos&nbsp;han contribuido a esto, espec\u00edficamente las&nbsp;condiciones econ\u00f3micas en China, donde&nbsp;hay mucha incertidumbre en la industria&nbsp;inmobiliaria y dudas sobre la intensidad del&nbsp;consumo de materias primas. Adem\u00e1s, en&nbsp;Chile, la reforma tributaria anunciada por&nbsp;el Gobierno provoc\u00f3 que muchas empresas&nbsp;postergaran sus decisiones de inversi\u00f3n hasta&nbsp;que hubiese una versi\u00f3n final y pudieran&nbsp;internalizar los impactos financieros.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aunque a\u00fan existe alg\u00fan grado de&nbsp;<span>incertidumbre en los factores que afectan&nbsp;<\/span><span>la inversi\u00f3n, y esto puede empezar a impactar&nbsp;<\/span><span>otros aspectos de la econom\u00eda, como&nbsp;<\/span><span>el desempleo, el consumo y la actividad&nbsp;<\/span><span>industrial, ya hay algunas se\u00f1ales que&nbsp;<\/span><span>apuntan a una inflexi\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mica&nbsp;<\/span><span>en los pr\u00f3ximos meses.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span><\/span><span>Primero que nada, la econom\u00eda global&nbsp;<\/span><span>est\u00e1 colectivamente m\u00e1s sana. Los PMI&nbsp;<\/span><span>(\u00cdndice de Gestores de Compras Manufactureras)&nbsp;<\/span><span>en el mundo han estado mejorando,&nbsp;<\/span><span>liderados por el mundo desarrollado.&nbsp;<\/span><span>En los mercados emergentes, tambi\u00e9n ha&nbsp;<\/span><span>habido una recuperaci\u00f3n, aunque m\u00e1s&nbsp;<\/span><span>leve. Esto incluye China, donde el \u00faltimo&nbsp;<\/span><span>PMI sali\u00f3 sorpresivamente en 52, su&nbsp;<\/span><span>nivel m\u00e1s alto desde enero de 2014 y en&nbsp;<\/span><span>l\u00ednea con el promedio global. Adem\u00e1s, las&nbsp;<\/span><span>pol\u00edticas monetarias en el mundo siguen&nbsp;<\/span><span>siendo expansivas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span>En segundo lugar, en el caso espec\u00edfico&nbsp;<\/span><span>de Chile, el Gobierno ha moderado su&nbsp;<\/span><span>tono con respecto a la reforma tributaria,&nbsp;<\/span><span>negociando con la oposici\u00f3n una versi\u00f3n&nbsp;<\/span><span>que tendr\u00eda un impacto menos fuerte&nbsp;<\/span><span>para las empresas y sus accionistas. M\u00e1s&nbsp;<\/span><span>importante que los detalles del acuerdo,&nbsp;<\/span><span>es la se\u00f1al que se da al mercado, espec\u00edficamente&nbsp;<\/span><span>que hay un acuerdo y los&nbsp;<\/span><span>participantes pueden entender mejor su&nbsp;<\/span><span>impacto para finalmente reactivar sus&nbsp;<\/span><span>planes de inversi\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, con un&nbsp;<\/span><span>acuerdo m\u00e1s amplio, se ayuda a calmar&nbsp;<\/span><span>el mercado y mostrar que el \u201cmodelo&nbsp;<\/span><span>econ\u00f3mico chileno\u201d sigue intacto.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tercero, la inflaci\u00f3n ya se est\u00e1 suavizando,&nbsp;frenando la tendencia hacia&nbsp;una \u201cstagflation\u201d. Esto est\u00e1 dando m\u00e1s&nbsp;flexibilidad al Banco Central, el cual est\u00e1&nbsp;con una posici\u00f3n m\u00e1s c\u00f3moda. Se pudo&nbsp;observar con el corte de 25 puntos b\u00e1sicos&nbsp;en la Tasa de Pol\u00edtica Monetaria (TPM)&nbsp;que hizo en julio, la cual totaliza cortes&nbsp;por 125 puntos b\u00e1sicos desde octubre de&nbsp;2013. Seg\u00fan la \u00faltima encuesta del Banco&nbsp;Central, el mercado est\u00e1 esperando un&nbsp;\u00faltimo corte de 25 puntos b\u00e1sicos antes&nbsp;de fin de a\u00f1o, llevando la TPM a 3,5%. Sin&nbsp;embargo, con los \u00faltimos datos econ\u00f3micos,&nbsp;hay algunos economistas esperando&nbsp;cortes de hasta 75 bps antes del t\u00e9rmino&nbsp;de 2014, los cuales servir\u00edan a\u00fan m\u00e1s&nbsp;para estimular la econom\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Finalmente, aunque no lo llama&nbsp;\u201cest\u00edmulo\u201d expresamente, el Gobierno&nbsp;anunci\u00f3 un aumento en su inversi\u00f3n para&nbsp;2015-2021, desde 2,5% a 3,5% del PIB.<br \/>El plan tiene un valor total de US$ 18.000&nbsp;millones y contempla principalmente proyectos&nbsp;de infraestructura, incluyendo la&nbsp;construcci\u00f3n de 7 embalses grandes y 15&nbsp;embalses chicos, un nuevo terminal en el&nbsp;aeropuerto de Santiago, un puente hacia&nbsp;la isla de Chilo\u00e9, un plan de concesiones&nbsp;y mejoras en varias autopistas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Con todos estos catalizadores es probable&nbsp;que Chile revierta la tendencia actual&nbsp;en los pr\u00f3ximos meses y empiece a mostrar&nbsp;mejores indicadores macroecon\u00f3micos,&nbsp;los cuales deber\u00edan resultar en ajustes&nbsp;alcistas en las expectativas del mercado&nbsp;y provean las se\u00f1ales iniciales de una&nbsp;recuperaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda chilena.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Por Brian P. Chase<\/strong><br \/>Portfolio Manager<br \/>Head of Andean Equities<br \/>Ita\u00fa Asset Management<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p>For the last 12 months, Chile has shown weaker macroeconomic data compared to last year, including a slowdown in GDP, mainly due to a fall in investment. This situation has been brought about by external events as well as uncertainty surrounding the tax reform. However, Chile is seemingly drawing ever closer to a macroeconomic inflection point, given the following: 1) improvements to the external situation, 2) a more moderate Government tone with respect to the tax reform, 3) a levelling out of inflation, allowing the Central Bank greater flexibility with regard to its monetary policy, and 4) a new stimulus package being announced by the Government.<\/p>\n<p>Since April 2013, GDP growth expectations for 2014 and 2015 have fallen, from an average of 5% to 2.9% and 3.8% respectively, according to the latest Central Bank survey. During this period, the IMACEC, a monthly GDP proxy measured by the Central Bank, has been falling, reaching just 2.3% in April and May of this year.<\/p>\n<p>This is mainly explained by a fall in investment. Gross fixed capital formation has fallen year on year in percentage terms, being observed in the third quarter of 2013 for the first time since 2009. External factors have contributed to this situation, especially economic conditions in China, where there is a large amount of uncertainty in the real estate industry and doubts surrounding the intensity of the consumption of raw materials. Furthermore, in Chile the tax reform announced by the Government has provoked many businesses to postpone their investment decisions until a final version has been drafted, allowing them to internalize its financial impacts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There is still considerable uncertainty surrounding factors affecting investment, which can start to impact on other sectors of the economy, such as unemployment, consumption and industrial activity. Nevertheless, there are already signals pointing to a macroeconomic inflection point being reached in the next few months.<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, the global economy is collectively far healthier. The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is improving around the globe, and being led by the developed world. There has also been a recovery in emerging markets, albeit a lighter one. This includes China, where the last PMI was a surprising 52, its highest level since January 2014 and in line with the global average. In addition, monetary policies around the world continue to be expansionary.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, in the particular case of Chile, the Government has moderated its tone in terms of the tax reform, negotiating a new version with the opposition that could lead to a reduced impact on business and shareholders. More important than the actual details of the agreement is the sign this sends to the markets; specifically, it signals the reaching of an agreement and that participants better understand its impact, so they can finally begin reviving their investment plans. Furthermore, a broad consensus helps to calm the market and show that the \u201cChilean economic model\u201d remains intact.<\/p>\n<p>Thirdly, inflation is leveling out, slowing the trend of stagflation. This means the Central Bank has more flexibility and is generally in a more comfortable position. This was seen in the cut to the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) of 25 basis points in July, bringing overall cuts made since October 2013 to 125 basis points. According to the latest Central Bank survey, the market is expecting a final cut of 25 basis points by the end of the year, bringing the MPR to 3.5%. However, given the latest economic indicators, there are some economists expecting cuts of up to 75 basis points by the end of 2014, thereby stimulating the economy even farther.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, and although not specifically referred to as a \u201cstimulus\u201d, the Government has announced an increase to its investment for the period 2015-2021, from 2.5% of GDP to 3.5%. The plan is budgeted at US$18million and mainly relates to infrastructure projects, including the construction of seven large reservoirs, 15 smaller reservoirs, a new terminal at Santiago airport, a bridge to the island of Chiloe, and a plan of concessions and improvements to numerous highways.<\/p>\n<p>With all these catalysts in place, it is likely that Chile will reverse the current trend in the coming months and begin to show improved macroeconomic indicators. These should result in upward adjustments in market expectations and give rise to initial signs of recovery to the Chilean economy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">By Brian P. Chase<br \/><span>Portfolio Manager, Head of Andean Equities<br \/><\/span><span>Ita\u00fa Asset Management<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por los \u00faltimos 12 meses, Chile&nbsp;ha estado mostrando datos&nbsp;macroecon\u00f3micos m\u00e1s d\u00e9biles&nbsp;con respecto al a\u00f1o anterior,&nbsp;con el PIB desacelerando, principalmente&nbsp;por una ca\u00edda en la inversi\u00f3n,&nbsp;como producto de efectos externos y la&nbsp;incertidumbre con la reforma tributaria.&nbsp;Sin embargo, al parecer, Chile se est\u00e1&nbsp;acercando a un punto de inflexi\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mico,&nbsp;con 1) la situaci\u00f3n externa&nbsp;mejor\u00e1ndose, 2) el Gobierno moderando&nbsp;su tono con respecto a la reforma tributaria,&nbsp;3) la inflaci\u00f3n suaviz\u00e1ndose, dand<!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por los \u00faltimos 12 meses, Chile&nbsp;ha estado mostrando datos&nbsp;macroecon\u00f3micos m\u00e1s d\u00e9biles&nbsp;con respecto al a\u00f1o anterior,&nbsp;con el PIB desacelerando, principalmente&nbsp;por una ca\u00edda en la inversi\u00f3n,&nbsp;como producto de efectos externos y la&nbsp;incertidumbre con la reforma tributaria.&nbsp;Sin embargo, al parecer, Chile se est\u00e1&nbsp;acercando a un punto de inflexi\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mico,&nbsp;con 1) la situaci\u00f3n externa&nbsp;mejor\u00e1ndose, 2) el Gobierno moderando&nbsp;su tono con respecto a la reforma tributaria,&nbsp;3) la inflaci\u00f3n suaviz\u00e1ndose, dand<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-5245","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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