{"id":4957,"date":"2012-12-28T11:54:03","date_gmt":"2012-12-28T14:54:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-05T17:19:21","modified_gmt":"2015-03-05T20:19:21","slug":"al-borde-de-un-precipicio","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/al-borde-de-un-precipicio\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Al Borde de un Precipicio<!--:--><!--:en-->Obama\u2019s Second Term: On the Edge of a Cliff<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cuando Barack Obama fue elegido presidente de Estados Unidos para un segundo mandato en noviembre pasado, parec\u00eda que su mayor desaf\u00edo, al menos en el corto plazo, ser\u00eda impedir que la econom\u00eda cayera en el denominado \u201cprecipicio fiscal\u201d el 1 de enero, fecha en que expiran una serie de rebajas tributarias aprobadas durante la presidencia de George W. Bush.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Con el tiempo en contra, el Congreso est\u00e1 bajo presi\u00f3n para llegar a un acuerdo y el presidente Obama interrumpi\u00f3 sus vacaciones para intentar alcanzar y sellar un pacto. A juicio del embajador de Estados Unidos en Chile, Alejandro Wolff, es posible que se logre un acuerdo de \u00faltimo minuto, principalmente debido a que las consecuencias de no conseguirlo ser\u00edan insoportables, dijo a los invitados a un desayuno de AmCham celebrado el 20 de diciembre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSi no se logra un acuerdo, podr\u00edamos perder de un 3% a un 4% de nuestro producto interno bruto de un d\u00eda para otro y entrar probablemente en una fuerte recesi\u00f3n en el corto plazo\u201d, afirm\u00f3. \u201cEl efecto inmediato en los mercados burs\u00e1tiles y el sistema internacional podr\u00eda ser muy grave\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A\u00fan queda por ver la forma y el alcance de un acuerdo final para reducir el d\u00e9ficit fiscal de Estados Unidos, pero el acuerdo interino posiblemente incluya la extensi\u00f3n de algunas rebajas tributarias m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del 1 de enero, sostuvo Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No obstante, los principales indicadores econ\u00f3micos estadounidenses avanzan en la direcci\u00f3n correcta. El desempleo cay\u00f3 al 7,7% en noviembre y las ventas de viviendas nuevas est\u00e1n subiendo. \u201cHay elementos de optimismo, pero a\u00fan hay preocupaciones\u201d, se\u00f1al\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero la econom\u00eda no es la \u00fanica prioridad del presidente Obama. La masacre de los escolares en Newtown el 14 de diciembre ha convertido al control de armas en un tema clave de su segundo mandato. \u201cNadie pens\u00f3 que el control de armas ser\u00eda uno de los temas principales (\u2026) pero quiz\u00e1s despu\u00e9s de esta tragedia nosotros, en Estados Unidos, podemos llegar a acuerdos sobre nuevas leyes\u201d, manifest\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sin embargo, los segundos mandatos presidenciales en Estados Unidos hist\u00f3ricamente han estado dominados a menudo por crisis internacionales. Mirando hacia el 2013, Wolff advirti\u00f3 que se ciernen nubes en el horizonte en Corea del Norte, naci\u00f3n que hace poco realiz\u00f3 pruebas de misiles de largo alcance, y en Ir\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No obstante, de vuelta en Estados Unidos, hay algunas buenas noticias. El comercio, que es clave para la recuperaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica, experimenta un auge. Las exportaciones estadounidenses crecieron en un tercio entre el 2009 y el 2011, lo que cre\u00f3 1,2 millones de nuevos empleos, y est\u00e1n en camino a duplicarse para el 2015, sostuvo Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El comercio con Am\u00e9rica Latina es un componente importante de esto. Estados Unidos suscribi\u00f3 en el 2012 tratados de libre comercio tanto con Panam\u00e1 como con Colombia. Adem\u00e1s, las exportaciones hacia pa\u00edses del Hemisferio Occidental (incluido Canad\u00e1) se han incrementado un 46% desde el 2009, lo que corresponde a casi la mitad de las exportaciones totales de Estados Unidos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asimismo Wolff destac\u00f3 que es una se\u00f1al positiva que la inversi\u00f3n extranjera en Am\u00e9rica Latina provenga cada vez m\u00e1s desde el interior de la misma regi\u00f3n, incluidas las inversiones chilenas en Brasil, Per\u00fa y Colombia. La reciente compra por parte del grupo minorista chileno Cencosud de una cadena colombiana de supermercados por US$2.600 millones es un claro ejemplo de esto, afirm\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cLas condiciones del financiamiento proporcionado por JP Morgan Chase son un enorme voto de confianza para las empresas chilenas, para Chile y para la regi\u00f3n\u201d, indic\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Relaci\u00f3n entre Estados Unidos y Chile<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Las \u00e1reas de atenci\u00f3n en la relaci\u00f3n entre Estados Unidos y Chile siguen siendo la energ\u00eda y la productividad, las que Wolff identific\u00f3 como los desaf\u00edos clave para Chile poco despu\u00e9s de haber llegado a Santiago en el 2010.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cEl precio de la energ\u00eda es uno de los mayores desaf\u00edos para la competitividad de Chile\u201d, dijo. Respecto de este punto, Wolff felicit\u00f3 al Consejo Empresarial Chile- Estados Unidos sobre Energ\u00eda de AmCham por su rol en promover alianzas entre empresas chilenas y estadounidenses a fin de fomentar la energ\u00eda limpia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En cuanto al gas esquisto (gas natural atrapado en formaciones de esquisto), el que se encuentra de manera abundante en Estados Unidos y Brasil, as\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n en otros pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n, Wolff sostuvo que su potencial no se deber\u00eda subestimar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cEsto cambia todo (\u2026) imaginen un futuro en donde los precios de la energ\u00eda caen dr\u00e1sticamente, donde hay sobreoferta y donde no dependemos de una regi\u00f3n inestable para [tener] petr\u00f3leo\u201d, asever\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La energ\u00eda tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 vinculada a la productividad. En este sentido, la principal ventaja comparativa de Chile en la regi\u00f3n durante los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os han sido sus pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en favor del crecimiento, el emprendimiento y la diversificaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica, afirm\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero la ventaja de Chile en esta \u00e1rea est\u00e1 declinando a medida que otros pa\u00edses se ponen al d\u00eda y mejoran la productividad. \u201cEsto reducir\u00e1 la ventaja de Chile, lo que creo que es bueno, porque una regi\u00f3n pr\u00f3spera y competitiva beneficia a todos\u201d, indic\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un problema clave para Chile es su creciente dependencia de las exportaciones de cobre. A comienzos de la d\u00e9cada de los 90, el cobre correspond\u00eda a cerca de un tercio de las exportaciones totales de Chile, mientras que hoy en d\u00eda representa m\u00e1s del 60%, destac\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La econom\u00eda de Chile est\u00e1 mucho m\u00e1s diversificada que hace 20 a\u00f1os, pero necesita seguir diversific\u00e1ndose y buscando nuevas oportunidades para reducir su dependencia del cobre, asever\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Estados Unidos, mercado de destino para m\u00e1s de 2.000 productos chilenos, puede desempe\u00f1ar un papel importante en este sentido. Entre las \u00e1reas de cooperaci\u00f3n bilateral que podr\u00edan incrementar las oportunidades de inversi\u00f3n y comercio figuran un acuerdo para evitar la doble tributaci\u00f3n, el que ahora debe ser ratificado por Chile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asimismo, Estados Unidos se encuentra en negociaciones para expandir el Acuerdo Estrat\u00e9gico de Asociaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica TransPac\u00edfico (TPP, por su sigla en ingl\u00e9s), del que Chile es miembro fundador, para incluir a 11 pa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica del Norte, Latinoam\u00e9rica y el Asia-Pac\u00edfico. La esperanza apunta a que se podr\u00eda suscribir un nuevo acuerdo en la reuni\u00f3n de la APEC en octubre del 2013, dijo Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSer parte de este peque\u00f1o grupo de pa\u00edses que establecer\u00e1n las nuevas reglas para el \u00e1rea del Asia-Pac\u00edfico es un gran privilegio y el rol de Chile es clave\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En cuanto a las relaciones con Am\u00e9rica Latina, Wolff neg\u00f3 la afirmaci\u00f3n de que Estados Unidos no presta suficiente atenci\u00f3n a la regi\u00f3n. \u201cLos indicadores son claros: hay una mayor integraci\u00f3n, mayor inversi\u00f3n, mayor intercambio comercial y m\u00e1s v\u00ednculos entre Estados Unidos y la regi\u00f3n, y los datos demogr\u00e1ficos en nuestro propio pa\u00eds asegurar\u00e1n que esto contin\u00fae siendo as\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Y, a medida que Estados Unidos se aproxima al precipicio fiscal, est\u00e1 claro que cualesquiera sean las medidas de corto plazo que se tomen para evitar la crisis, en el m\u00e1s largo plazo el comercio con Am\u00e9rica Latina y otros mercados emergentes ser\u00e1 clave para la recuperaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Temas impensados -como el control de armas\u2013 podr\u00edan dar forma al segundo mandato del presidente Obama, pero por el bien del continuo crecimiento y desarrollo de Am\u00e9rica Latina, es vital que la protecci\u00f3n de la incipiente recuperaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda estadounidense siga siendo la principal prioridad del Gobierno.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Julian Dowling es el editor de bUSiness CHILE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When Barack Obama was elected President of the United States for a second term last November, it appeared that his biggest challenge, at least in the short term, would be to stop the economy from plunging off the so-called \u201cfiscal cliff\u201d on January 1, when a range of tax cuts approved during the presidency of George W. Bush are set to expire.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With time running out, the pressure is on Congress to reach an agreement and President Obama has cut short his vacation to try and forge a deal. According to the US Ambassador to Chile, Alejandro Wolff, a last-minute compromise will likely be reached, mainly because the consequences of not doing so would be unbearable, he told guests at an AmCham breakfast on December 20.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cIf an agreement is not reached, we could lose 3% to 4% of our Gross Domestic Product overnight and probably fall into a severe recession in the short term,\u201d he said. \u201cThe immediate impact on stock markets and the international system could be very serious.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The form and scope of a final agreement to cut the US fiscal deficit remains to be seen, but an interim deal will likely include the extension of some tax cuts beyond January 1, said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, the main US economic indicators are moving in the right direction. Unemployment fell to 7.7% in November and new home sales are up. \u201cThere are elements of optimism, but there are still concerns,\u201d said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But the economy is not President Obama\u2019s only priority. The massacre of schoolchildren in Newtown on December 14 has made gun control a key issue of his second term. \u201cNo one thought that gun control would be one of the main issues\u2026 but maybe after this tragedy we, in the U.S., can agree on new laws,\u201d said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Historically, however, second presidential terms in the U.S. are often dominated by international crises. Looking ahead to 2013, Wolff warned that clouds loom on the horizon in North Korea, which recently tested a long-range missile, and in Iran.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But back in the United States, there is some good news. Trade, which is key to the economic recovery, is booming. US exports grew by a third between 2009 and 2011, creating 1.2 million new jobs, and are on track to double by 2015, said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trade with Latin America is an important component of this. The U.S. signed Free Trade Agreements in 2012 with both Panama and Colombia. In addition, exports to Western Hemisphere countries (including Canada) are up 46% since 2009, accounting for nearly half of total US exports.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wolff also pointed out that it is a positive sign that foreign investment in Latin America is increasingly coming from within the region, including Chilean investments in Brazil, Peru and Colombia. The recent purchase by Chilean retail group Cencosud of a Colombian supermarket chain for US$2.6 billion is a clear example of this, he said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThe terms of the financing provided by JP Morgan Chase are a huge vote of confidence for Chilean companies, for Chile and for the region,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>US-Chile relationship<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The areas of focus in the US-Chile relationship continue to be energy and productivity, which Wolff identified as key challenges for Chile shortly after he arrived in Santiago in 2010.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThe price of energy is one of the biggest challenges for competitiveness in Chile,\u201d he said. On this point, Wolff congratulated AmCham\u2019s US-Chile Energy Council for its role in promoting partnerships between Chilean and US companies to promote clean energy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As for shale gas (natural gas trapped in shale formations), which is found in abundance in the United States and Brazil, as well as other countries in the region, Wolff said its potential should not be underestimated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThis changes everything\u2026. imagine a future where energy prices fall dramatically, where there is oversupply and where we are not dependent on an unstable region for oil,\u201d said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Energy is also linked to productivity. In this regard, Chile\u2019s main comparative advantage in the region over the last 20 years has been its public policies that favor growth, entrepreneurship and economic diversification, said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But Chile\u2019s advantage in this area is slipping as other countries are catching up and improving productivity. \u201cThis will reduce Chile\u2019s advantage, which I think is a good thing because a competitive and prosperous region benefits everyone,\u201d said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A key problem for Chile is its increasing dependence on copper exports. In the early 1990s, copper represented around one third of Chile\u2019s total exports &#8211; today it represents over 60%, pointed out Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chile\u2019s economy is much more diversified than 20 years ago, but it needs to keep diversifying and seeking new opportunities to reduce its dependence on copper, said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The United States, which is a market for over 2,000 Chilean products, can play an important role in this. Areas of bilateral cooperation that could increase trade and investment opportunities include an agreement on double taxation avoidance, which has yet to be ratified in Chile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition, the United States is in negotiations to expand the Trans-Pacific Partnership, of which Chile is a founding member, to include 11 countries in North America, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific. The hope is that a new agreement could be signed at the APEC meeting in October 2013, said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cTo be a part of this small group of countries that will establish the new rules for the Asia-Pacific area is a grand privilege and the role of Chile is key,\u201d said Wolff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As for relations with Latin America, Wolff rejects the claim that the United States does not pay enough attention to the region. \u201cThe indicators are clear: there is greater integration, greater investment, greater trade and more ties between the U.S. and the region, and the demographics in our own country will ensure this continues to be the case.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">And, as the U.S. edges closer to the fiscal cliff, it\u2019s clear that whatever short-term measures are taken to avert a crisis, in the longer term trade with Latin America and other emerging markets will be key to the US economic recovery.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unforeseen issues \u2013 like gun control \u2013 could shape President Obama\u2019s second term, but for the sake of Latin America\u2019s continued growth and development, it is vital that protecting the incipient recovery of the US economy remains the government\u2019s top priority.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Julian Dowling is Editor of bUSiness CHILE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cuando Barack Obama fue elegido presidente de Estados Unidos para un segundo mandato en noviembre pasado, parec\u00eda que su mayor desaf\u00edo, al menos en el corto plazo, ser\u00eda impedir que la econom\u00eda cayera en el denominado \u201cprecipicio fiscal\u201d el 1 de enero, fecha en que expiran una serie de rebajas tributarias aprobadas durante la presidencia de George W. Bush.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When Barack Obama was elected President of the United States for a second term last November, it appeared that his biggest challenge, at least in the short term, would be to stop the economy from plunging off the so-called \u201cfiscal cliff\u201d on January 1, when a range of tax cuts approved during the presidency of George W. Bush are set to expire.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4957","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Al Borde de un PrecipicioObama\u2019s Second Term: On the Edge of a Cliff - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/al-borde-de-un-precipicio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Al Borde de un PrecipicioObama\u2019s Second Term: On the Edge of a Cliff - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cuando Barack Obama fue elegido presidente de Estados Unidos para un segundo mandato en noviembre pasado, parec\u00eda que su mayor desaf\u00edo, al menos en el corto plazo, ser\u00eda impedir que la econom\u00eda cayera en el denominado \u201cprecipicio fiscal\u201d el 1 de enero, fecha en que expiran una serie de rebajas tributarias aprobadas durante la presidencia de George W. 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Bush.When Barack Obama was elected President of the United States for a second term last November, it appeared that his biggest challenge, at least in the short term, would be to stop the economy from plunging off the so-called \u201cfiscal cliff\u201d on January 1, when a range of tax cuts approved during the presidency of George W. 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