{"id":4947,"date":"2012-12-26T12:41:13","date_gmt":"2012-12-26T15:41:13","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2017-09-04T12:09:03","modified_gmt":"2017-09-04T15:09:03","slug":"sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Sanear Los Angeles: Una Lecci\u00f3n para Santiago<!--:--><!--:en-->Cleaning up Los Angeles: A Lesson for Santiago<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles sol\u00eda ser la capital del smog de Estados Unidos, pero cuando Antonio Villaraigosa, tercera generaci\u00f3n estadounidense de ascendencia mexicana, fue elegido alcalde en el 2005 se propuso sanear la ciudad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El desaf\u00edo era enorme, coment\u00f3 a los participantes de un seminario sobre energ\u00eda limpia organizado en noviembre por el Consejo Empresarial Chile- Estados Unidos sobre Energ\u00eda de AmCham. Pero gracias a \u201cpensar en grande\u201d y establecer metas ambiciosas para reducir las emisiones, el aire en Los Angeles est\u00e1 m\u00e1s limpio y la ciudad ahora es un centro de desarrollo de energ\u00eda limpia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Como parte del plan GREEN LA para combatir el calentamiento global, la ciudad aspira a obtener al menos el 35% de su energ\u00eda de fuentes renovables para el 2020. Ya obtiene el 20% de una combinaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica, solar e hidroelectricidad, un alza frente al 4% del 2005, lo que es suficiente para abastecer de energ\u00eda a 320.000 hogares y reducir las emisiones anuales de carbono en 2,57 millones de toneladas m\u00e9tricas, el equivalente a sacar m\u00e1s de 500.000 autos de circulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Como el norte de Chile, Los Angeles est\u00e1 casi siempre soleado y, este a\u00f1o, se convirti\u00f3 en la primera gran ciudad de Estados Unidos en introducir un proyecto piloto de tarifa de alimentaci\u00f3n solar. Esto permite a los consumidores vender energ\u00eda generada por sus paneles solares a la red.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cAhora podemos sacar ventaja de uno de nuestros recursos naturales m\u00e1s baratos, m\u00e1s sustentables y m\u00e1s abundantes: el sol\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Villaraigosa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles a\u00fan enfrenta desaf\u00edos, en particular en t\u00e9rminos de reducir emisiones de su enorme puerto y aeropuerto internacional, pero ha sentado un ejemplo para ser seguido por otras ciudades, dijo Villaraigosa. El alcalde afirm\u00f3 que ciudades como Los Angeles deber\u00edan estar a la vanguardia de un futuro de energ\u00eda sustentable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A nivel global, y para Chile en particular, hay pocos temas m\u00e1s importantes que la seguridad energ\u00e9tica y el cambio clim\u00e1tico. Pero mientras los gobiernos nacionales pueden mostrar lentitud en su actuar o, como en el caso de Estados Unidos, no se comprometieron con las metas de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones del Protocolo de Kioto, las ciudades pueden tomar la delantera, destac\u00f3 Villaraigosa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSi las ciudades son una parte importante del problema, tambi\u00e9n significa que pueden ser una parte importante de la soluci\u00f3n\u201d, asever\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles est\u00e1 comprometida a reducir sus emisiones a un nivel un 35% inferior a los de 1990 para el 2030, pero el camino no ha sido f\u00e1cil. Villaraigosa enfrent\u00f3 una fuerte oposici\u00f3n, en particular de la industria carbon\u00edfera. Sin embargo, al promover su plan de energ\u00eda limpia como una oportunidad para las empresas para \u201cdesarrollar tecnolog\u00eda y trabajos en el sector de energ\u00eda limpia\u201d, logr\u00f3 lo que denomin\u00f3 una soluci\u00f3n \u201cwin-win\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cumplir las metas del alcalde requiri\u00f3 coordinaci\u00f3n entre las empresas de servicios p\u00fablicos, el puerto y el aeropuerto, explic\u00f3. \u201cEstos son los pilares de nuestra econom\u00eda, haci\u00e9ndolos m\u00e1s limpios y m\u00e1s ecol\u00f3gicos podr\u00edamos dar un paso gigante hacia adelante\u201d, dijo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El puerto de Los Angeles mueve 44% de toda la carga que ingresa a Estados Unidos, alrededor de 150 millones de toneladas solo en el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o fiscal, principalmente desde Asia, pero tambi\u00e9n desde Chile (lea la entrevista a Kathryn McDermott de esta edici\u00f3n). Es un importante motor de la econom\u00eda local, pero tambi\u00e9n es muy sucio y un importante contribuyente al problema de contaminaci\u00f3n de la ciudad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En el 2005, Villaraigosa se reuni\u00f3 con los operadores portuarios, las empresas mercantiles y los sindicatos para dise\u00f1ar un plan destinado a sanear el puerto, el que incluy\u00f3 sacar de circulaci\u00f3n viejos camiones a di\u00e9sel y reemplazarlos por veh\u00edculos m\u00e1s limpios. Como resultado, las emisiones de los camiones en el puerto se han reducido en un 80%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cEl Programa de Camiones Limpios es un claro ejemplo de que el desarrollo econ\u00f3mico y la protecci\u00f3n del medio ambiente no son mutuamente excluyentes\u201d, sostuvo. \u201cDe hecho, van de la mano\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En el ajetreado aeropuerto LAX, la ciudad tambi\u00e9n ha realizado mejoras para reducir la huella de carbono y establecer estrictas normas de construcci\u00f3n. Gracias a estas iniciativas, el aeropuerto es uno de los l\u00edderes en incorporar en nuevos edificios los est\u00e1ndares LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, o Liderazgo en Energ\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o Medio Ambiental).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Luego estaba el infame tr\u00e1fico de Los Angeles. Tal como Santiago, la ciudad es conocida por sus interminables tacos. Pero, en el 2008, los votantes del Condado de Los Angeles aprobaron la denominada Medida R, la que propuso un aumento de los impuestos a las ventas de medio centavo durante 30 a\u00f1os a fin de pagar mejoras y proyectos de transporte p\u00fablico. Gracias a esta medida, la ciudad est\u00e1 construyendo cuatro l\u00edneas m\u00e1s de Metro y ha reducido el consumo de combustible, asever\u00f3 Villaraigosa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Otras medidas incluyen sincronizar y convertir el 100% de los sem\u00e1foros y las luminarias de la ciudad a iluminaci\u00f3n LED para mediados del 2013. Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 reacondicionando los edificios p\u00fablicos para hacer que sean m\u00e1s verdes y que su consumo de energ\u00eda sea m\u00e1s eficiente.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Finalmente, Villaraigosa indic\u00f3 que la clave es apuntar alto y conseguir el respaldo del sector privado. \u201cSin poner est\u00e1ndares fuertes, nunca vas a llegar a las metas\u201d, dijo. No obstante, estos nuevos est\u00e1ndares tambi\u00e9n deben ayudar a crear nuevos empleos y oportunidades en el campo de la energ\u00eda limpia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La econom\u00eda de Los Angeles equivale a casi cuatro veces la de Chile y Santiago claramente est\u00e1 mucho m\u00e1s atr\u00e1s en t\u00e9rminos de energ\u00eda limpia, pero Villaraigosa hizo hincapi\u00e9 en que la experiencia de Chile es valiosa. \u201cLos Angeles no viene, y yo no vengo no m\u00e1s a compartir lo que hemos hecho; tambi\u00e9n venimos a aprender\u201d, concluy\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Los Angeles en un vistazo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Poblaci\u00f3n: 3,8 millones (estimaci\u00f3n de 2011)<\/p>\n<p>Ingreso medio por hogar, 2007-2011: US$50.028 (vs US$52.76 en Estados Unidos)<\/p>\n<p>Emisiones de carbono por persona, 2010: 9,96 toneladas m\u00e9tricas vs 22,10 toneladas m\u00e9tricas en Estados Unidos)<\/p>\n<p>Tarifa el\u00e9ctrica promedio, octubre del 2012: 21,1 centavos por kilovatio hora (vs 12,8 centavos en Estados Unidos)<\/p>\n<p>Precio promedio de la gasolina, octubre del 2012: US$4,50 el gal\u00f3n (vs US$3,83 en Estados Unidos)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fuentes: Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Oficina de Estad\u00edsticas Laborales de Estados Unidos, EPA<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles used to be the smog capital of America, but when Antonio Villaraigosa, a third generation American of Mexican descent, was elected Mayor in 2005 he set out to clean up the city.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The challenge was enormous, he told participants at a seminar on clean energy organized by AmCham\u2019s US-Chile Business Council on Energy in November. But by \u201cthinking big\u201d and setting ambitious goals to curb emissions, the air in Los Angeles is cleaner and the city is now a center of clean energy development.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As part of the GREEN LA plan to fight global warming, the city aims to obtain at least 35% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020. It already gets 20% from a combination of wind, solar and hydroelectricity, up from 4% in 2005, which is enough to power 320,000 homes and reduce annual carbon emissions by 2.57 million metric tons \u2013 the equivalent of taking more than 500,000 cars off the roads.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Like northern Chile, Los Angeles is almost always sunny and, this year, it became the first U.S. city to introduce a pilot project with a solar feed-in tariff. This allows consumers to sell energy generated by their solar panels to the grid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cNow we are taking advantage of one of our cheapest, most sustainable and abundant natural resources \u2013 the sun,\u201d said Villaraigosa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles still faces challenges, particularly in terms of curbing emissions from its huge port and international airport, but it has set an example for other cities to follow, said Villaraigosa. \u201cCities like Los Angeles should be at the vanguard of a sustainable energy future,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the global level, and for Chile in particular, there are few issues as important as energy security and climate change. But where national governments can be slow to act or, as in the case of the United States, have not committed to Kyoto Protocol emissions reductions targets, cities can take the lead, pointed out Villaraigosa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cCities are an important part of the problem, but they are also part of the solution,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles is committed to reducing its emissions to 35% below 1990 levels by 2030, but the road has not been easy. Villaraigosa has faced stiff opposition, particularly from the coal industry. However, by promoting his clean energy plan as an opportunity for businesses to \u201ccreate opportunities and jobs in the clean energy sector\u201d, he has achieved what he calls a \u201cwin-win\u201d solution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Meeting the Mayor\u2019s goals has required coordination between public utilities, the port and airport, he explains. \u201cThese are the pillars of our economy and making them cleaner and more ecological has allowed us to take a huge step forwards,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Port of Los Angeles moves 44% of all cargo that enters the U.S., some 150 million tons in the last fiscal year alone, mostly from Asia, but also from Chile (see interview with Kathryn McDermott, p.44). It is a major driver of the local economy, but it is also very dirty and a major contributor to the city\u2019s pollution problem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 2005, Villaraigosa sat down with port operators, shipping companies and unions to come up with a plan to clean up the port, including taking old diesel-burning trucks out of circulation and replacing them with cleaner vehicles. As a result, emissions from trucks in the port have been slashed by 80%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThe Clean Truck Program is a clear example that economic development and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive,\u201d he said. \u201cIn fact, they go together.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the busy LAX airport, the city has also made improvements to reduce the carbon footprint and establish strict building norms. Thanks to these efforts, the airport is one of the leaders in incorporating Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards in new buildings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Then there is L.A.\u2019s notorious traffic. Like Santiago, it is known for its endless traffic jams. But, in 2008, voters in L.A. County approved the so-called Measure R that proposed a half-cent <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sales_taxes\">sales taxes<\/a> increase for 30 years in order to pay for transportation projects and improvements. Thanks to this measure, the city is building four more Metro lines and has reduced fuel consumption, said Villaraigosa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Other measures include synchronizing and converting 100% of the city\u2019s traffic lights and streetlights to LED lighting by mid-2013. It is also retrofitting public buildings to make them greener and more energy efficient.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Finally, Villaraigosa said the key is to aim high and enlist the support of the private sector. \u201cIf you don\u2019t set high standards, you will never be able to reach them,\u201d he said. However, these new standards must also help to create new jobs and opportunities in the clean energy field.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The economy of Los Angeles is nearly four times as big as Chile\u2019s, and Santiago is clearly far behind in clean energy terms, but Villaraigosa emphasized that Chile\u2019s experience is valuable. \u201cWe\u2019re not just here to share what we know, we\u2019re also here to learn,\u201d he concluded.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Los Angeles at a Glance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Population: 3.8 million (2011 estimate)<\/p>\n<p>Median household income, 2007-2011: US$50,028 (vs. US$52.76 in U.S.)<\/p>\n<p>CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions per person, 2010: 9.96 metric tons (vs. 22.10 metric tons in U.S.)<\/p>\n<p>Average rate for electricity, Oct. 2012: 21.1 cents per kWh (vs. 12.8 cents in U.S.)<\/p>\n<p>Average gasoline price, Oct. 2012: US$4.50 a gallon (vs. US$3.83 in U.S.)<\/p>\n<p>Sources: US Census Bureau, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, EPA<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles sol\u00eda ser la capital del smog de Estados Unidos, pero cuando Antonio Villaraigosa, tercera generaci\u00f3n estadounidense de ascendencia mexicana, fue elegido alcalde en el 2005 se propuso sanear la ciudad.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los Angeles used to be the smog capital of America, but when Antonio Villaraigosa, a third generation American of Mexican descent, was elected Mayor in 2005 he set out to clean up the city.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The challenge was enormous, he told participants at a seminar on clean energy organized by AmCham\u2019s US-Chile Business Council on Energy in November. But by \u201cthinking big\u201d and setting ambitious goals to curb emissions, the air in Los Angeles is cleaner and the city is now a center of clean energy development.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4947","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sanear Los Angeles: Una Lecci\u00f3n para SantiagoCleaning up Los Angeles: A Lesson for Santiago - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sanear Los Angeles: Una Lecci\u00f3n para SantiagoCleaning up Los Angeles: A Lesson for Santiago - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Los Angeles sol\u00eda ser la capital del smog de Estados Unidos, pero cuando Antonio Villaraigosa, tercera generaci\u00f3n estadounidense de ascendencia mexicana, fue elegido alcalde en el 2005 se propuso sanear la ciudad.Los Angeles used to be the smog capital of America, but when Antonio Villaraigosa, a third generation American of Mexican descent, was elected Mayor in 2005 he set out to clean up the city.The challenge was enormous, he told participants at a seminar on clean energy organized by AmCham\u2019s US-Chile Business Council on Energy in November. 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But by \u201cthinking big\u201d and setting ambitious goals to curb emissions, the air in Los Angeles is cleaner and the city is now a center of clean energy development.","og_url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/","og_site_name":"AmCham Chile","article_modified_time":"2017-09-04T15:09:03+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/","url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/","name":"Sanear Los Angeles: Una Lecci\u00f3n para SantiagoCleaning up Los Angeles: A Lesson for Santiago - AmCham Chile","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2012-12-26T15:41:13+00:00","dateModified":"2017-09-04T15:09:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/sanear-los-angeles-una-leccion-para-santiago\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sanear Los Angeles: Una Lecci\u00f3n para SantiagoCleaning up Los Angeles: A Lesson for Santiago"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/","name":"AmCham Chile","description":"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/4947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/4947\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"news_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_tax?post=4947"},{"taxonomy":"user_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/user_type?post=4947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}