{"id":4578,"date":"2011-07-22T11:05:17","date_gmt":"2011-07-22T11:05:17","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-17T17:44:35","modified_gmt":"2015-03-17T20:44:35","slug":"protegiendo-a-los-consumidores-chilenos","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/protegiendo-a-los-consumidores-chilenos\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Protegiendo a los Consumidores Chilenos <!--:--><!--:en-->Protecting Chilean Consumers<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Juan Antonio Peribonio, director del Servicio Nacional del Consumidor (SERNAC) de Chile, ha tenido algunas semanas ocupadas. Despu\u00e9s de todo, fue el SERNAC el que dio el grito de alerta sobre la \u201crenegociaci\u00f3n\u201d unilateral de las deudas de los clientes de la cadena de tiendas por departamento La Polar y el servicio a\u00fan est\u00e1 lidiando con la enorme cantidad de personas que atestan su oficina principal -ubicada justo al frente del palacio presidencial La Moneda- as\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n sus otras oficinas en todo el pa\u00eds, para averiguar sus derechos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Dif\u00edcilmente sorprende que Peribonio, abogado que se uni\u00f3 al SERNAC en junio del 2010 despu\u00e9s de trabajar muchos a\u00f1os en la municipalidad de la comuna de Las Condes en Santiago, admita que est\u00e1 comenzando a cansarse. Los recursos adem\u00e1s son acotados; SERNAC tiene un presupuesto anual de solo unos US$12 millones y su personal de 240 miembros ha tenido que exigirse, sin refuerzos, para lidiar con la crisis de La Polar. Sin embargo, Peribonio est\u00e1 convencido -seg\u00fan dice- de que \u201csi bien en una manera peque\u00f1a, estamos ayudando a que mejore la vida de los chilenos\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 fue el SERNAC, en lugar de los reguladores del sector financiero o del mercado burs\u00e1til, el que dio el grito de alerta sobre La Polar?<\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Eso es el resultado de lo que denomino la \u201csangre vital\u201d de nuestro trabajo: las quejas que recibimos. Nuestro sistema para analizarlas est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para notar eventos inusuales y cuando vimos que ten\u00edamos 123 quejas en contra de La Polar, todas por la misma raz\u00f3n, decidimos que, en lugar de abordarlas de manera individual, comenzar\u00edamos lo que se denomina una mediaci\u00f3n colectiva con la compa\u00f1\u00eda. En noviembre, se llev\u00f3 a cabo para poner las cosas en orden, pero luego que el auditor externo que contratamos para que hiciera un seguimiento de este proceso nos dijera que no estaban cumpliendo de manera satisfactoria, interpusimos una acci\u00f3n legal en mayo y es por eso, que en junio, La Polar inform\u00f3 al regulador del mercado burs\u00e1til sobre el problema.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>\u00bfEst\u00e1 satisfecho con lo que La Polar est\u00e1 ofreciendo a los tenedores de sus tarjetas? <\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Siempre decimos que, en el caso de una violaci\u00f3n a los derechos del consumidor, la empresa deber\u00eda hacer tres cosas: reconocer el error, revertirlo y, en tercer lugar, reparar el da\u00f1o. La Polar ha hecho las dos primeras, pero la \u00faltima es compleja, porque hay tantas situaciones diferentes entre sus clientes; de modo que a nuestro parecer, al final, resulta necesario que la cantidad y la forma de la compensaci\u00f3n sean decididas por un juez.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>En un tema m\u00e1s general, \u00bfc\u00f3mo ve el estado de la protecci\u00f3n al consumidor en Chile en comparaci\u00f3n con, digamos, los principales pa\u00edses de la Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos (OCDE)? <\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Hemos avanzado mucho y, en Am\u00e9rica Latina al menos, Chile destaca por su defensa de los consumidores financieros -por ejemplo, en lo que hemos hecho en eliminar las cl\u00e1usulas abusivas de los contratos. M\u00e1s a\u00fan, espero que el proyecto de ley que crea al denominado SERNAC Financiero se apruebe en el Congreso este a\u00f1o.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>\u00bfQu\u00e9 har\u00e1 exactamente eso? <\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Nos dar\u00e1 nuevas herramientas. B\u00e1sicamente, significa que los proveedores de servicios financieros de todo tipo tendr\u00e1n que entregar informaci\u00f3n detallada, clara, objetiva y entendible.&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Como por ejemplo, \u00bfcu\u00e1nto costar\u00e1 un televisor si se paga en cuotas comparado con comprarlo en un solo pago? <\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">S\u00ed y tambi\u00e9n har\u00e1 m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil el dejar de utilizar un producto financiero y, digamos, cerrar una cuenta bancaria, lo que puede ser bastante dif\u00edcil hoy en d\u00eda.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>\u00bfQu\u00e9 est\u00e1 haciendo el SERNAC en materia de educaci\u00f3n al consumidor y, en particular, en educaci\u00f3n financiera, un \u00e1rea en que la OCDE ha instado a Chile a desarrollar una estrategia nacional?<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Durante un buen tiempo, el SERNAC ha estado impartiendo cursos de educaci\u00f3n financiera para profesores escolares -unos 16.000 hasta ahora- de modo que ellos traspasen ese conocimiento a sus alumnos y ahora estoy hablando con el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n con miras a hacer que la educaci\u00f3n financiera sea parte obligatoria del curr\u00edculo. Adem\u00e1s hemos dado otras charlas, seminarios, etc\u00e9tera. Lo que tambi\u00e9n nos gustar\u00eda ver es capacitaci\u00f3n sobre derechos de los consumidores para ejecutivos de empresas. Ese es un tema que no se ha abordado.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>Volviendo al rol del SERNAC en t\u00e9rminos m\u00e1s generales, \u00bfpuede tomar la iniciativa en la investigaci\u00f3n de posibles violaciones de los derechos de los consumidores o s\u00f3lo puede reaccionar en caso de que se presenten quejas?<\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Cuando vemos algo que podr\u00eda ser potencialmente perjudicial para los consumidores, actuamos. Le dar\u00e9 un ejemplo: las tarifas de los buses interurbanos. Realizamos estudios y los derivamos a las autoridades antimonopolio, porque ellas son responsables de determinar si los precios reflejan las fuerzas del mercado o son el resultado de una violaci\u00f3n de la libre competencia.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>\u00bfTiene el SERNAC todas las facultades que necesita?<\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">No tiene la facultad para imponer sanciones directamente, lo que creo que podr\u00eda tener.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>\u00bfQui\u00e9n es responsable por la seguridad de los productos, otra \u00e1rea en la que la OCDE recomend\u00f3 mejoras?<\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En el SERNAC, no tenemos nada que ver con alimentos o f\u00e1rmacos, pero para otros productos colaboramos, por ejemplo, con el Instituto Nacional de Normalizaci\u00f3n (INN) que establece las normas t\u00e9cnicas. Tambi\u00e9n verificamos el etiquetado. En los juguetes, por ejemplo, son las autoridades sanitarias las que determinan los est\u00e1ndares, pero para el D\u00eda del Ni\u00f1o, salimos a las calles e inspeccionamos el etiquetado y revisamos cosas como la resistencia al fuego y enviamos muestras a las autoridades sanitarias.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>Las organizaciones de consumidores en Chile a\u00fan son fr\u00e1giles; \u00bfest\u00e1 haciendo algo el SERNAC para promover su desarrollo?<\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Hay algunas organizaciones serias, si bien el financiamiento es un problema para ellas. Tenemos reuniones regulares con ellas y contamos con un programa de financiamiento, que bordea los US$ 625.000 por a\u00f1o, al que pueden postular a fin de recibir subsidios para sus proyectos. Financiamos cerca de 50 proyectos al a\u00f1o y entre ellos estuvieron el reciente an\u00e1lisis de los alimentos para beb\u00e9s y el etiquetado de los helados.&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><STRONG>Las demandas colectivas se incorporaron a la Ley del Consumidor de Chile en el 2004, pero hasta ahora no se ha fallado sobre ninguna; \u00bfqu\u00e9 est\u00e1 funcionando mal ah\u00ed? <\/STRONG><\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">S\u00ed, no ha habido una sentencia definitiva hasta ahora. Eso se debe a un proceso anterior de \u201cadmisibilidad\u201d antes de que un caso en realidad vaya a tribunales. Eso ha demorado un promedio de tres a\u00f1os. En otras palabras, tal y como se introdujo en el 2004, el sistema no est\u00e1 funcionando de la manera en que los consumidores chilenos se merecen, pero dos senadores acaban de presentar un proyecto de ley que b\u00e1sicamente reduce el tiempo a la mitad.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Los tribunales de causas menores en realidad tampoco ayudan mucho, \u00bfno? Los casos adem\u00e1s demoran mucho tiempo y hay que pagarle a un abogado.<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Ese sistema funciona, pero tiene debilidades. Uno puede ir sin un abogado, pero no es f\u00e1cil luchar contra una compa\u00f1\u00eda sin tener uno.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Lo que deja el piso para una potencial compensaci\u00f3n bastante alto antes de que valga la pena\u2026<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Exactamente.<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Juan Antonio Peribonio, director of Chile\u2019s National Consumer Service (SERNAC), has had a busy few weeks. It was, after all, SERNAC that blew the whistle on the La Polar department store chain\u2019s unilateral \u2018renegotiation\u2019 of customers\u2019 debts and it is still coping with a huge number of people flocking to its main office, just across the road from the La Moneda presidential palace, as well as its other offices around the country, to ascertain their rights.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is hardly surprising that Peribonio, a lawyer who joined SERNAC in June 2010 after many years at the municipal government of Santiago\u2019s Las Condes district, admits to be being tired. Resources are tight too; SERNAC has an annual budget of only some US$12 million and its 240-strong staff has had to stretch, without reinforcements, to deal with the La Polar crisis. But Peribonio is, he says, convinced that \u201cif only in a small way, we\u2019re helping to make the <em>lives of Chileans better\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Why was it SERNAC, rather than the financial sector or stock market regulators, that blew the whistle on La Polar? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That\u2019s a result of what I call the \u2018life blood\u2019 of our work &#8211; the complaints we receive. Our system for analyzing them is designed to pick up unusual events and when we saw we had 123 complaints against La Polar, all for the same reason, we decided that, rather than addressing them individually, we would start what\u2019s called collective mediation with the company. In November, it undertook to put things right but, after the external auditor we\u2019d hired to monitor this process told us they weren\u2019t complying satisfactorily, we filed legal action in May and that\u2019s why, in June, La Polar told the stock market regulator about the problem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Are you satisfied with what La Polar is offering its cardholders now?<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We always say that, in the case of violation of a consumer\u2019s rights, the company should do three things: recognize the error, reverse it and, third, repair the damage. La Polar has done the first two but the latter is complex because there are so many different situations among its customers, so our view is that, in the end, the amount and manner of compensation need to be decided by a judge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>More generally, how do you see the state of consumer protection in Chile as compared to, say, the main OECD countries? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We\u2019ve advanced a lot and, in Latin America at least, Chile stands out for its defense of financial consumers &#8211; for example, for what we\u2019ve done in eliminating abusive clauses in contracts. Moreover, I expect the bill creating the so-called SERNAC Financiero to be approved by Congress this year.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>What exactly would that do?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It will give us new tools. Basically, it means that providers of financial services of all types will have to provide detailed, clear, objective and understandable information.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Like how much a television will cost in installments as compared to buying it straight out?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yes, and it will also make it easier to stop using a financial product and, say, close a bank account, which can be quite difficult today.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>What is SERNAC doing in consumer education and, in particular, financial education, an area in which the OECD has called for Chile to develop a national strategy?&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For a long time now, SERNAC has been providing financial education courses for school teachers &#8211; some 16,000 to date &#8211; so they pass on that knowledge to pupils and now I\u2019m talking to the Education Ministry with a view to making financial education a compulsory part of the syllabus. We also give other talks, seminars and so on. What we\u2019d also like to see is training on consumer rights for business executives. That\u2019s an issue that hasn\u2019t been addressed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Going back to SERNAC\u2019s role more generally, can it take the initiative in investigating possible violations of consumer rights or only react in the case of complaints?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When we see something that could potentially prejudice consumers, we act. I\u2019ll give you one example &#8211; intercity bus fares. We carried out studies and submitted them to the anti-monopoly authorities because they\u2019re responsible for determining whether prices reflect market forces or are the result of an infringement of free competition.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Does SERNAC have all the powers it needs?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It doesn\u2019t have the power to impose sanctions directly which I think it should have.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Who\u2019s responsible for product safety, another area in which the OECD has recommended improvements?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At SERNAC, we don\u2019t have anything to do with food or pharmaceuticals but, for other products, we collaborate, for example, with the National Standards Institute (INN) which establishes technical norms. We also verify labeling. For toys, for example, it\u2019s the health authorities that set the standards but, for Children\u2019s Day, we go out and inspect labeling and check things like fire resistance and send samples to the health authorities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Consumer organizations in Chile are still fragile; is SERNAC doing anything to promote their development?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are some serious organizations, although financing is a problem for them. We have regular meetings with them and have a funding program, with around US$625,000 a year, to which they can apply for grants for their projects. We finance around 50 projects a year and they\u2019ve included the recent analysis of baby food and the labeling of ice cream.&nbsp; <br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/><strong><em>Class action lawsuits were incorporated into Chilean consumer law in 2004 but none has been ruled on so far; what\u2019s going wrong there? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yes, there hasn\u2019t been a definitive sentence so far. That\u2019s because of a prior process of \u2018admissibility\u2019 before a case actually comes to court. That has been taking an average of three years. In other words, as introduced in 2004, the system isn\u2019t working in the way Chilean consumers deserve, but two senators have just presented a bill that would basically reduce the time by half.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Small claims courts don\u2019t actually help much either, do they? Cases also take a long time and you have to pay a lawyer. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That system works but, yes, it has weaknesses. You can go without a lawyer, but it\u2019s not easy to fight a company without one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Which puts the potential compensation floor pretty high before it becomes worthwhile\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exactly.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Juan Antonio Peribonio, director del Servicio Nacional del Consumidor (SERNAC) de Chile, ha tenido algunas semanas ocupadas.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4578","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Protegiendo a los Consumidores Chilenos Protecting Chilean Consumers - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/protegiendo-a-los-consumidores-chilenos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protegiendo a los Consumidores Chilenos Protecting Chilean Consumers - 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