{"id":4336,"date":"2010-08-03T12:18:35","date_gmt":"2010-08-03T12:18:35","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-12T12:22:34","modified_gmt":"2015-03-12T15:22:34","slug":"ganando-interes","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/ganando-interes\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Ganando Inter\u00e9s<!--:--><!--:en-->Gaining Interest<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La econom\u00eda de Chile estaba en v\u00edas de mostrar un crecimiento por sobre la tendencia cuando el terremoto del 27 de febrero azot\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. La reacci\u00f3n inicial de los economistas y analistas del mercado fue que el sismo tendr\u00eda un efecto doblemente adverso al retrasar la recuperaci\u00f3n de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y crear presiones inflacionarias de corto plazo debido a contracciones en la producci\u00f3n. Este no era un escenario sencillo de enfrentar por parte del Banco Central de Chile, en especial tras haber manifestado antes del terremoto su intenci\u00f3n de iniciar un retorno hacia condiciones monetarias normales.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, las cosas han resultado ser m\u00e1s sencillas de lo esperado. A pesar de la inflaci\u00f3n mayor a la anticipada en mayo, la inflaci\u00f3n en junio fue del cero por ciento, lo que sorprendi\u00f3 a los analistas del mercado debido a que un aumento del impuesto espec\u00edfico al tabaco para ayudar a financiar la reconstrucci\u00f3n fue compensado por menores precios en otros art\u00edculos incluidos en el \u00edndice de precios. De manera que parece que las temidas presiones inflacionarias de corto plazo, que se supon\u00eda surgir\u00edan de las restricciones a la producci\u00f3n producto del terremoto, no se materializaron.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Un escenario de inflaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s moderado no fue el \u00fanico alivio para el banco central. La actividad econ\u00f3mica protagoniz\u00f3 un impresionante repunte y la econom\u00eda mostr\u00f3 en mayo un crecimiento interanual del 7% medido seg\u00fan el \u00cdndice Mensual de Actividad Econ\u00f3mica (IMACEC). Adem\u00e1s del efecto de las iniciativas de reconstrucci\u00f3n, el crecimiento de la actividad econ\u00f3mica tambi\u00e9n se explica por las s\u00f3lidas cifras de comercio minorista y un repunte en la construcci\u00f3n.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El Banco Central tambi\u00e9n ha estado ayudando al equilibrado plan de financiamiento para la reconstrucci\u00f3n del presidente Pi\u00f1era. El ministro de Hacienda, Felipe Larra\u00edn, anunci\u00f3 que los dineros p\u00fablicos requeridos para esta tarea provendr\u00edan de una combinaci\u00f3n de reasignaci\u00f3n de partidas presupuestarias, aumento de impuestos -la mayor\u00eda de ellos de car\u00e1cter temporal- y reducci\u00f3n de la evasi\u00f3n tributaria, emisi\u00f3n de deuda y uso de parte de los ahorros de Chile en sus fondos soberanos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Este enfoque equilibrado reduce el riesgo de presionar demasiado a dos de las variables claves monitoreadas por el Banco Central. Demasiada deuda tendr\u00eda un efecto sobre las tasas de inter\u00e9s, debido a que una creciente oferta de papeles gubernamentales ejercer\u00eda presi\u00f3n alcista sobre las tasas a m\u00e1s largo plazo. Por otra parte, demasiada dependencia de los fondos soberanos en moneda extranjera podr\u00eda haber afectado la tasa de cambio, en momentos en que los exportadores ya se quejan de los negativos efectos de la mayor fortaleza del peso chileno.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Utilizar una combinaci\u00f3n de fuentes de financiamiento para la reconstrucci\u00f3n ha permitido al Banco Central volver a su plan original de retirar las medidas de est\u00edmulo monetario de manera gradual. La autoridad monetaria comenz\u00f3 el largo camino de regreso a una tasa neutral con un alza m\u00e1s alta que la estimaci\u00f3n de consenso de 50 puntos base en junio, en momentos en que la mayor\u00eda de los analistas del mercado esperaba un primer paso m\u00e1s gradual de s\u00f3lo 25 puntos. No obstante, un segundo aumento de 50 puntos base en julio no fue sorpresivo y dej\u00f3 la tasa de pol\u00edtica monetaria en 1,50 por ciento.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El mercado espera que el banco se tome su tiempo para llegar a lo que se considera una pol\u00edtica monetaria neutral del 5,5 al 6,0 por ciento y anticipa que estos niveles no se alcanzar\u00e1n antes de mediados del 2011 con la inflaci\u00f3n convergiendo a cerca del 3,0 por ciento para fines de este a\u00f1o. Para el 2010, la mayor\u00eda prev\u00e9 que las tasas de inter\u00e9s de fin de a\u00f1o cierren dentro de un rango del 2,5 al 3,0 por ciento, casi el doble de las tasas actuales, pero a\u00fan bastante acomodaticias en t\u00e9rminos reales.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 podr\u00eda salir mal en lo que se espera sea un camino sin mayores tropiezos? Del lado de impulsar al banco a un ritmo m\u00e1s agresivo est\u00e1 una inflaci\u00f3n mayor a la esperada, lo que no es raro a medida que los d\u00e9ficits de producci\u00f3n comienzan a reducirse. Un mayor ritmo tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda ser generado por factores externos, tales como el recientemente anunciado aumento promedio del 8,0 por ciento en las tarifas el\u00e9ctricas debido, entre otras cosas, al efecto de los contratos de largo plazo negociados entre las empresas de distribuci\u00f3n y generaci\u00f3n de electricidad en momentos de escasa oferta.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 el riesgo de que el banco pueda tener que reducir el ritmo en que regresa a la neutralidad monetaria. Esto podr\u00eda ocurrir si, por ejemplo, otra crisis en el crecimiento global -con la correspondiente ca\u00edda de los precios del cobre- causa una desaceleraci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda chilena.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero esperemos que las tasas contin\u00faen subiendo a un ritmo moderado mientras que se entierran para siempre los temores de mayor inflaci\u00f3n y demora de la recuperaci\u00f3n que surgieron tras el terremoto.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Axel Christensen es director gerente de BlackRock para Am\u00e9rica del Sur, exceptuando Brasil.<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Chile&#8217;s economy was on track to show above-trend growth when the February 27 earthquake struck. The initial reaction from economists and market analysts was that the quake would have a double-whammy effect by delaying the recovery in economic activity and creating short-term inflationary pressures due to output constraints. This was not an easy scenario for Chile&#8217;s Central Bank to face, especially having stated its intention before the earthquake to start on the path back to normal monetary conditions.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But things have turned out to be easier than expected. Despite higher-than-anticipated inflation in May, June inflation came in at zero percent, which surprised market analysts as a tax increase on tobacco to help fund the reconstruction was compensated by lower prices for other items included in the price index. So it seems the feared short-term inflationary pressures that were supposed to stem from output restrictions due to the earthquake did not materialize.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A tamer inflationary scenario was not the only relief for the central bank. Economic activity staged an impressive comeback with May activity showing 7% year-on-year growth as measured by the monthly IMACEC indicator. In addition to the impact of reconstruction initiatives, the activity growth is also explained by strong retail numbers and a pick-up in construction.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">The central bank has also been helped by President Pi\u00f1era&#8217;s balanced funding plan for reconstruction. Finance Minister Felipe Larra\u00edn announced that the public monies required for this endeavor would come from a combination of reorganizing budget allocations, increasing taxes &#8211; most of them on a temporary basis &#8211; and reducing evasion, issuing debt and using part of Chile\u2019s savings in its sovereign wealth funds.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">This balanced approach reduces the risk of stressing out two of the key variables monitored by the central bank. Too much debt would have an impact on interest rates, as an increasing supply of government paper would put up-side pressure on longer term rates. On the other hand, too much reliance on sovereign wealth funds in foreign currency could have upset the exchange rate, with exporters already complaining about the negative effects of a stronger Chilean Peso.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Using a mix of financing sources for reconstruction has allowed the central bank to return to its original plan of withdrawing monetary stimulus gradually. It began the long road back to a neutral rate with a higher-than-consensus 50 basis points rise in June after most market analysts had expected a more gradual first step of only 25 points. A second 50 basis point increase in July, however, came as no surprise, placing the monetary policy rate at 1.50 percent.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">The market expects that the bank will take its time to reach what is considered a neutral monetary policy rate of 5.5 to 6.0 percent, anticipating that these levels will not be reached before mid-2011 with inflation converging to around 3.0 percent by the end of this year. For 2010, most forecasts see year-end interest rates closing within the 2.5 to 3.0 percent range, almost double current rates, but still quite accommodative in real terms.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">What could go wrong on what is expected to be a pretty smooth ride? On the side of pushing the bank towards a more aggressive pace is higher than expected inflation, which is not uncommon as output gaps start to close. A faster pace may also be driven by external factors, such as the recently announced 8.0 percent average increase in electricity tariffs due to, among other things, the impact of long-term contracts negotiated between distribution and generation companies at a time of scarce supply.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">There is also the risk that the bank might have to slow its pace in returning to monetary neutrality. This might happen if, for example, another downturn in global growth, with the corresponding drop in copper prices, causes a slowdown of the Chilean economy.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But let\u2019s hope that rates continue to rise at a moderate pace while the post-earthquake fears of higher inflation and a delayed recovery are put to rest for good.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Axel Christensen is Managing Director of BlackRock for South America ex Brazil.<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La econom\u00eda de Chile estaba en v\u00edas de mostrar un crecimiento por sobre la tendencia cuando el terremoto del 27 de febrero azot\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. La reacci\u00f3n inicial de los economistas y analistas del mercado fue que el sismo tendr\u00eda un efecto doblemente adverso al retrasar la recuperaci\u00f3n de la actividad econ\u00f3mica y crear presiones inflacionarias de corto plazo debido a contracciones en la producci\u00f3n.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4336","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ganando Inter\u00e9sGaining Interest - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/ganando-interes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ganando Inter\u00e9sGaining Interest - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La econom\u00eda de Chile estaba en v\u00edas de mostrar un crecimiento por sobre la tendencia cuando el terremoto del 27 de febrero azot\u00f3 al pa\u00eds. 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