{"id":4207,"date":"2010-04-20T17:25:28","date_gmt":"2010-04-20T17:25:28","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-16T14:47:20","modified_gmt":"2015-03-16T17:47:20","slug":"el-desafio-de-pinera","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/el-desafio-de-pinera\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->El Desaf\u00edo de Pi\u00f1era<!--:--><!--:en-->Pi\u00f1era\u2019s Challenge<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P>A medida que pasan los d\u00edas, vamos sabiendo m\u00e1s sobre las terribles consecuencias del terremoto, tanto a nivel humano como a nivel econ\u00f3mico. Pero en medio de todas las malas noticias, hemos sido testigos de actos heroicos de parte de nuestros compatriotas, lo que refleja la solidaridad y cooperaci\u00f3n mostrada por todos los sectores de la sociedad. Esta respuesta positiva tambi\u00e9n puede observarse en el \u00e1mbito econ\u00f3mico. Si bien las oportunidades de reconstrucci\u00f3n no compensar\u00e1n la p\u00e9rdida del patrimonio nacional, ellas podr\u00e1n convertirse en el punto de partida de una sociedad m\u00e1s justa y pr\u00f3spera con mayores tasas de empleo y productividad, y una infraestructura de mejor calidad.<\/P><br \/>\n<P>El Gobierno ha estimado que el costo total de los da\u00f1os del terremoto llegar\u00e1 a cerca de US$ 30.000 millones, incluidos US$ 21.000 millones en costos de reconstrucci\u00f3n y US$ 7.600 millones en p\u00e9rdidas asociadas a una menor producci\u00f3n en los pr\u00f3ximos cuatro a\u00f1os. Los costos se dividen casi mitad y mitad entre los sectores privado y p\u00fablico, lo que deja al Estado con compromisos para la reconstrucci\u00f3n de US$ 10.600 millones de los cuales US$ 1.200 millones provendr\u00e1n de seguros. Con estas cifras en mente, ahora podemos explorar las consecuencias y los desaf\u00edos econ\u00f3micos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P>Claramente, el terremoto tendr\u00e1 un efecto negativo de corto plazo sobre el crecimiento. En el primer trimestre veremos una fuerte ca\u00edda en la actividad (prevemos que el \u00cdndice Mensual de Actividad Econ\u00f3mica, IMACEC, de Chile haya ca\u00eddo un 5,0% interanual en marzo, tras crecer un 2,7% en febrero), pero esto debiera dar paso a un s\u00f3lido repunte m\u00e1s adelante en el a\u00f1o seguido por un crecimiento en 2011 mayor al que se proyectaba antes del terremoto. La reconstrucci\u00f3n impulsar\u00e1 el crecimiento, crear\u00e1 empleos y traer\u00e1 como resultado un aumento en la inversi\u00f3n.<\/P><br \/>\n<P>El consumo privado se debilitar\u00e1 este a\u00f1o por la p\u00e9rdida de riqueza y la desviaci\u00f3n de recursos para efectuar las reparaciones, pero debiera repuntar en el 2011 a medida que el desempleo disminuye. Finalmente, es probable que observemos un moderado aumento de la inflaci\u00f3n este a\u00f1o y el pr\u00f3ximo. Este escenario obligar\u00e1 al Banco Central de Chile a comenzar a aumentar la tasa de inter\u00e9s referencial probablemente en junio del 2010. Prevemos que la tasa aumentar\u00e1 del 0,5% a por lo menos el 2,0% a fines de este a\u00f1o y al 5,0% en el 2011.<\/P><br \/>\n<P>En temas fiscales, las consecuencias del terremoto y los desaf\u00edos impuestos por la reconstrucci\u00f3n son enormes. Primero, la eficiencia y productividad del nuevo Gobierno ser\u00e1 puesta a prueba y su desempe\u00f1o podr\u00eda definir el futuro pol\u00edtico de la coalici\u00f3n gobernante de centro derecha en las pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas. Adem\u00e1s, la reconstrucci\u00f3n requiere financiamiento fresco que en s\u00ed mismo no debiera ser dif\u00edcil de conseguir dada la solidez financiera del Estado, pero de todos modos podr\u00eda tener serias consecuencias econ\u00f3micas.<\/P><br \/>\n<P>En el 2010, proyectamos que la mayor parte de la carga ser\u00e1 financiada mediante la emisi\u00f3n de deuda nacional, el est\u00edmulo fiscal de fondos soberanos y, en menor medida, por medio de la reasignaci\u00f3n de presupuesto, mayores impuestos, donaciones y posibles ventas de activos estatales. Ello conducir\u00eda a moderados incrementos en las tasas de inter\u00e9s a largo plazo (el sector privado tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 buscando financiamiento) y un techo impl\u00edcito de la tasa de cambio del d\u00f3lar de 550 pesos chilenos o menos. En los pr\u00f3ximos tres a\u00f1os, prevemos que la reasignaci\u00f3n de recursos desempe\u00f1ar\u00e1 un rol m\u00e1s prominente, pero el d\u00e9ficit persistir\u00e1, lo que conducir\u00e1 a la continua necesidad del Gobierno de vender d\u00f3lares desde los fondos que acumul\u00f3 por el cobre.<\/P><br \/>\n<P>Un \u00faltimo desaf\u00edo para el Gobierno, y quiz\u00e1s el m\u00e1s importante, es mostrar a los chilenos que las necesidades de los sectores m\u00e1s despose\u00eddos de la sociedad ocupan un lugar importante en su agenda y que la empresa privada es un medio no s\u00f3lo para generar riqueza, sino que tambi\u00e9n para asegurar una distribuci\u00f3n m\u00e1s equitativa del ingreso. Un aumento de los impuestos a las grandes empresas y una reducci\u00f3n a los impuestos de las personas ser\u00eda un mecanismo para lograr la mayor parte de estos desaf\u00edos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P><STRONG>Cristi\u00e1n Gardeweg<\/STRONG> es economista de Celfin Capital, firma de corretaje con sede en Santiago.<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">As the days pass, we are learning more about the terrible consequences of the earthquake, both human and economic. But amongst all the bad news, we have been witness to heroic actions by our countrymen and women, reflecting the solidarity and cooperation shown by all sectors of society. This positive response can also be seen in the economic arena. Although reconstruction opportunities will not compensate for the loss of national wealth, they could become the starting point of a more just and prosperous society with increased employment, productivity and better quality infrastructure.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">The government has estimated the total cost of the earthquake to reach about US$30 billion including US$21 billion in reconstruction costs and US$7.6 billion in losses associated with lower production in the next four years. The costs are split roughly half and half between the private and public sectors, leaving the state with commitments for reconstruction of US$10.6 billion of which US$1.2 billion will come from insurance. With these figures in mind, we can now explore the consequences and economic challenges.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Clearly, the earthquake will have a short-term negative impact on growth. In the first quarter we will see a sharp drop in activity (we expect Chile\u2019s monthly economic activity index, IMACEC, to have fallen 5.0% in March year-on-year, after rising 2.7% in February), but this should give way to a strong rebound later in the year followed by higher growth in 2011 than was projected prior to the earthquake. Reconstruction will drive growth, create jobs and result in increased investment.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Private consumption will be weakened this year by the loss of wealth and the diversion of resources to carry out repairs, but it should bounce back in 2011 as unemployment falls. Finally, we will likely see a moderate increase in inflation this year and next. This scenario will compel the Central Bank to start increasing the benchmark interest rate probably in June 2010. We expect the rate will rise from 0.5% to at least 2.0% later this year and 5.0% in 2011.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">In fiscal matters, the consequences of the earthquake and the challenges posed by reconstruction are great. First, the efficiency and productivity of the new government will be put to the test and its performance could define the political future of the governing center-right coalition for decades to come. In addition, reconstruction requires fresh financing which in itself should not be difficult to find given the financial strength of the state, but it could still have serious economic consequences.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">In 2010, we expect that the bulk of the burden will be financed by domestic debt issuance, fiscal stimulus from sovereign wealth funds and, to a lesser extent, by budgetary reallocation, higher taxes, donations and possible sales of state assets. This would lead to moderate increases in long term interest rates (the private sector is also seeking financing) and an implicit ceiling for the U.S. dollar exchange rate of 550 Chilean pesos or less. In the next three years, we expect the reallocation of resources will play a more prominent role but the deficit will persist, leading to the continuing need for the government to sell dollars from its copper funds.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A final challenge for the government, and perhaps the most important, is to show Chileans that the needs of the poorest sectors of society are high on its agenda and that private enterprise is a means not only to generate wealth but also ensure more equitable income distribution. An increase in taxes on big business and a reduction in personal taxes would be a mechanism to achieve most of these challenges.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Cristi\u00e1n Gardeweg<\/STRONG> is an economist at Santiago brokerage firm Celfin Capital.<\/P><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P>A medida que pasan los d\u00edas, vamos sabiendo m\u00e1s sobre las terribles consecuencias del terremoto, tanto a nivel humano como a nivel econ\u00f3mico. Pero en medio de todas las malas noticias, hemos sido testigos de actos heroicos de parte de nuestros compatriotas, lo que refleja la solidaridad y cooperaci\u00f3n mostrada por todos los sectores de la sociedad. Esta respuesta positiva tambi\u00e9n puede observarse en el \u00e1mbito econ\u00f3mico.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4207","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>El Desaf\u00edo de Pi\u00f1eraPi\u00f1era\u2019s Challenge - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/el-desafio-de-pinera\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El Desaf\u00edo de Pi\u00f1eraPi\u00f1era\u2019s Challenge - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A medida que pasan los d\u00edas, vamos sabiendo m\u00e1s sobre las terribles consecuencias del terremoto, tanto a nivel humano como a nivel econ\u00f3mico. 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