{"id":4055,"date":"2008-12-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-12-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-26T19:48:44","modified_gmt":"2015-01-26T19:48:44","slug":"la-importancia-de-las-expectativas","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->La Importancia de las Expectativas<!--:--><!--:en-->The Importance of Expectations<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En una conversaci\u00f3n sazonada con chistes y cr\u00edticas agudas al Gobierno, el economista y analista pol\u00edtico Sergio Melnick describi\u00f3 un cuadro preocupante para Chile a medida que se aproximan las elecciones presidenciales del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Uno de los problemas, dijo a los miembros de la AmCham, es que el futuro ahora afecta al presente tanto como el presente afecta al futuro.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Un ejemplo claro de este fen\u00f3meno es el mundo virtual de las finanzas y la especulaci\u00f3n. Los desplazamientos mostrados por los precios de las acciones y los bienes b\u00e1sicos en las \u00faltimas semanas son posibles, porque los mercados se mueven cada vez m\u00e1s por las cambiantes percepciones respecto de lo que deparar\u00e1 el futuro, m\u00e1s que por los eventos reales, explic\u00f3 Melnick.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Ahora la interfaz entre estos mundos virtuales y el mundo real es la vanguardia de negocios donde pueden obtenerse ganancias realmente importantes, dijo. \u201cPero pase de la visi\u00f3n a la ilusi\u00f3n y se caer\u00e1\u201d, advirti\u00f3, refiri\u00e9ndose al reciente colapso de los mercados financieros.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Melnick se uni\u00f3 a otros analistas al responsabilizar de la actual crisis a la mala administraci\u00f3n del Estado -desde la laxa fiscalizaci\u00f3n de los mercados a las frustradas adquisiciones de Fannie Mae y Freddie Mac- m\u00e1s que a un comportamiento imprudente del sector privado. Pero las semillas de la cat\u00e1strofe de hoy se sembraron, sostuvo, con las tasas de inter\u00e9s excesivamente bajas establecidas tras el colapso del Nasdaq a comienzos de la d\u00e9cada.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Reducir las tasas de inter\u00e9s a un valor cercano a cero distorsion\u00f3 los precios futuros de toda clase de activos, incluidas las viviendas, lo que cre\u00f3 una burbuja. Cuando las tasas se recuperaron, la burbuja inevitablemente explot\u00f3.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El fuerte aumento del d\u00e9ficit fiscal en Estados Unidos, que se triplicar\u00e1 a US$ 1,5 billones a medida que el Gobierno efect\u00faa desembolsos para salir de la crisis bancaria, significar\u00e1 que el presidente electo Barack Obama llegar\u00e1 a la Casa Blanca \u201ccon la manos atadas hablando en t\u00e9rminos financieros\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La brecha entre las expectativas generadas durante la campa\u00f1a electoral y su capacidad limitada para maniobrar sugiere que el nuevo presidente podr\u00eda enfrentar graves problemas durante sus primeros a\u00f1os en el Gobierno, dijo Melnick, estableciendo comparaciones con la presidenta chilena, Michelle Bachelet.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero Melnick, partidario confeso del Partido Republicano, se mostr\u00f3 confiado en cuanto a que Estados Unidos repuntar\u00e1 pronto de sus actuales problemas, y proyect\u00f3 un boom basado en las tecnolog\u00edas digitales desarrolladas en la guerra de Irak que durar\u00eda entre 15 y 20 a\u00f1os.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, sostuvo, a\u00fan resta por ver c\u00f3mo manejar\u00e1 la crisis el Gobierno de Chile. La coalici\u00f3n gobernante de centro-izquierda, conocida como Concertaci\u00f3n, ha tenido importantes logros durante sus 18 a\u00f1os en el poder, reconoci\u00f3, incluida la acumulaci\u00f3n de un considerable super\u00e1vit fiscal que proteger\u00e1 a las finanzas del sector p\u00fablico de la crisis.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">No obstante, pese a estos signos prometedores, Melnick no estaba optimista. A su juicio, el actual Gobierno ha sido el peor de los cuatro mandatos de la Concertaci\u00f3n, en el que la reforma al sistema de pensiones ha sido su \u00fanico logro importante.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Tambi\u00e9n critic\u00f3 al ministro de Hacienda, Andr\u00e9s Velasco, argumentando que sus muestras de tranquilidad sobre el panorama econ\u00f3mico del pa\u00eds distan mucho de la realidad. \u201cEs como si nos estuviera hablando desde un spa\u201d, se\u00f1al\u00f3 Melnick.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Y, con las proyecciones oficiales de crecimiento superando a las de la mayor\u00eda de los economistas independientes, el Gobierno se arriesga a perder credibilidad justo cuando m\u00e1s la necesita, sugiri\u00f3. M\u00e1s a\u00fan, los \u00faltimos meses han sido testigos de una ostentaci\u00f3n de gasto que s\u00f3lo crecer\u00e1 a medida que se acerquen las elecciones presidencial y parlamentaria del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o, predijo. \u201cEstamos en el fin de semana antes de empezar la dieta el lunes\u201d, sentenci\u00f3 sarc\u00e1sticamente.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Especialmente preocupante resulta -a su juicio- la decisi\u00f3n del Gobierno de entregar US$ 500 millones al BancoEstado para otorgar pr\u00e9stamos a las peque\u00f1as empresas. Aumentar el otorgamiento de cr\u00e9ditos en el clima econ\u00f3mico de hoy posiblemente conduzca al incumplimiento de los pagos crediticios, argument\u00f3. \u201cLo que va a pasar con BancoEstado es otro Fannie-Freddie\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Con los precios de las principales exportaciones del pa\u00eds -cobre y molibdeno- reducidos a la mitad y con importantes existencias de viviendas sin vender, Melnick sostuvo que estima que Chile enfrentar\u00e1 una recesi\u00f3n en el 2010, con una alta tasa de desempleo y un importante aumento de la agitaci\u00f3n social.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En este escenario, la Concertaci\u00f3n se dispone a perder las elecciones del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o, y a entregar la Presidencia al empresario Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era, predijo. Eso, a menos que el actual Gobierno reaccione al sombr\u00edo pron\u00f3stico de Melnick sobre lo que depara el futuro.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Tom Azzopardi<\/STRONG> trabaja como periodista freelance en Santiago.<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nIn a talk peppered with jokes and sharp barbs at the government, economist and political commentator Sergio Melnick painted a worrying picture for Chile as it approaches next year&#8217;s presidential elections. One of the problems, he told AmCham members, is that the future now affects the present as much as the present affects the future. <\/p>\n<p>One clear example of this phenomenon is the virtual world of finance and speculation. The swings shown by commodity and share prices in recent weeks are possible because markets are more than ever moved by changing perceptions of what the future will bring, rather than by real events, Melnick explained.   <\/p>\n<p>The interface between these virtual worlds and the real world is now the cutting edge of business where serious profits can be made, he said. \u201cBut step from vision into illusion and you will fall,\u201d he warned, pointing to the recent collapse in financial markets.<\/p>\n<p>Melnick joined other analysts in blaming the current crisis on state mismanagement, from lax oversight of markets to the bungled takeovers of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, rather than reckless behavior in the private sector. But the seeds of today&#8217;s catastrophe were sown, he claimed, with the excessively low interest rates set following the collapse of Nasdaq at the start of the decade.<\/p>\n<p>Reducing interest rates close to zero distorted the future prices of all kinds of assets, including houses, creating a bubble. When rates recovered, the bubble inevitably burst.<\/p>\n<p>The sharp rise in U.S. fiscal deficit, set to triple to US$1.5 trillion as the government spends its way out of the banking crisis, will mean that president-elect Barack Obama will come to the White House \u201cwith his hands tied financially speaking\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The gap between the expectations built during the election campaign and his limited ability to maneuver suggests the new president could face serious problems during his first years in government, said Melnick, drawing comparisons with Chilean president Michelle Bachelet.<\/p>\n<p>But Melnick, a confessed Republican, was confident the U.S. would soon bounce back from its current problems, forecasting a new boom based on digital technologies developed in the war in Iraq that would last 15 to 20 years.<\/p>\n<p>But, he said, it remains to be seen how Chile&#8217;s government will handle the crisis. The ruling centre-left coalition, the Concertaci\u00f3n, has achieved much during its 18 years in power, he recognized, including building up a considerable fiscal surplus that will protect public-sector finances from the crisis.<\/p>\n<p>But, despite these promising signs, Melnick was not hopeful. In his view, the present government has been the worst of the four Concertaci\u00f3n administrations, with pension reform as its only major achievement. <\/p>\n<p>He was also critical of Finance Minister Andr\u00e9s Velasco, arguing that his soothing reassurances about the country&#8217;s economic outlook are at sharp odds with reality. \u201cIt&#8217;s as if he were talking to us from a spa,\u201d Melnick said.<\/p>\n<p>And, with official growth forecasts running ahead of those of most independent economists, the government is at risk of losing credibility just when it needs it most, he suggested. Moreover, recent months have seen a splurge of spending that will only increase as next year&#8217;s presidential and parliamentary elections get nearer, he predicted. \u201cWe are on the weekend before starting the diet on Monday,\u201d he quipped.<\/p>\n<p>Especially worrying, in his view, is the government&#8217;s decision to provide US$500 million to the state-owned bank BancoEstado to underwrite loans to small businesses. Increasing lending in today&#8217;s economic climate is likely to lead to lots of bad credit, he argued. \u201cWhat&#8217;s going to happen with BancoEstado is another Fannie-Freddie.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>With the prices of the country&#8217;s main exports &#8211; copper and molybdenum &#8211; down by half and a huge stock of unsold housing, Melnick said he expects Chile to face a recession by 2010, with high unemployment and a sharp increase in social unrest. <\/p>\n<p>In this scenario, the Concertaci\u00f3n is set to lose next year&#8217;s elections, handing the presidency to businessman Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era, he predicted. That is, unless the present government reacts to Melnick&#8217;s grim prognosis of what the future holds. <\/p>\n<p><B>Tom Azzopardi<\/B> is a freelance journalist based in Santiago.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En una conversaci\u00f3n sazonada con chistes y cr\u00edticas agudas al Gobierno, el economista y analista pol\u00edtico Sergio Melnick describi\u00f3 un cuadro preocupante para Chile a medida que se aproximan las elecciones presidenciales del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Uno de los problemas, dijo a los miembros de la AmCham, es que el futuro ahora afecta al presente tanto como el presente afecta al futuro.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Un ejemplo claro de este fen\u00f3meno es el mundo virtual de las finanzas y la especulaci\u00f3n.<!--:--><!--:en-->In a talk peppered with jokes and sharp barbs at the government, economist and political commentator Sergio Melnick painted a worrying picture for Chile as it approaches next year&#8217;s presidential elections. One of the problems, he told AmCham members, is that the future now affects the present as much as the present affects the future.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4055","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Importancia de las ExpectativasThe Importance of Expectations - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Importancia de las ExpectativasThe Importance of Expectations - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En una conversaci\u00f3n sazonada con chistes y cr\u00edticas agudas al Gobierno, el economista y analista pol\u00edtico Sergio Melnick describi\u00f3 un cuadro preocupante para Chile a medida que se aproximan las elecciones presidenciales del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Uno de los problemas, dijo a los miembros de la AmCham, es que el futuro ahora afecta al presente tanto como el presente afecta al futuro. Un ejemplo claro de este fen\u00f3meno es el mundo virtual de las finanzas y la especulaci\u00f3n.In a talk peppered with jokes and sharp barbs at the government, economist and political commentator Sergio Melnick painted a worrying picture for Chile as it approaches next year&#039;s presidential elections. One of the problems, he told AmCham members, is that the future now affects the present as much as the present affects the future.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-01-26T19:48:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\\\/\",\"name\":\"La Importancia de las ExpectativasThe Importance of Expectations - AmCham Chile\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2008-12-01T01:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-01-26T19:48:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"La Importancia de las ExpectativasThe Importance of Expectations\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/\",\"name\":\"AmCham Chile\",\"description\":\"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La Importancia de las ExpectativasThe Importance of Expectations - AmCham Chile","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-importancia-de-las-expectativas\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"La Importancia de las ExpectativasThe Importance of Expectations - AmCham Chile","og_description":"En una conversaci\u00f3n sazonada con chistes y cr\u00edticas agudas al Gobierno, el economista y analista pol\u00edtico Sergio Melnick describi\u00f3 un cuadro preocupante para Chile a medida que se aproximan las elecciones presidenciales del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Uno de los problemas, dijo a los miembros de la AmCham, es que el futuro ahora afecta al presente tanto como el presente afecta al futuro. Un ejemplo claro de este fen\u00f3meno es el mundo virtual de las finanzas y la especulaci\u00f3n.In a talk peppered with jokes and sharp barbs at the government, economist and political commentator Sergio Melnick painted a worrying picture for Chile as it approaches next year's presidential elections. 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