{"id":4039,"date":"2008-11-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-11-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-26T20:32:14","modified_gmt":"2015-01-26T20:32:14","slug":"empresas-chilenas-en-la-crisis","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/empresas-chilenas-en-la-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Empresas Chilenas en la Crisis<!--:--><!--:en-->Chilean Companies in the Crunch<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><!--break--><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El mensaje del Gobierno ha sido fuerte y claro: Chile est\u00e1 tan bien protegido como podr\u00eda contra los efectos negativos de la crisis crediticia internacional y la recesi\u00f3n que se prev\u00e9 para muchas de las principales econom\u00edas del mundo, incluido Estados Unidos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Eso, por supuesto, es lo que los Gobiernos siempre dicen. Fue lo que el Gobierno del presidente Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle dijo justo antes de que la crisis financiera asi\u00e1tica llevara a Chile a una recesi\u00f3n que redujo en un 0,8% el PIB del pa\u00eds en 1999.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero, en la situaci\u00f3n actual, el ministro de Hacienda Andr\u00e9s Velasco tiene de su lado algunas cifras bastante impresionantes. La deuda externa del Gobierno ahora se sit\u00faa en torno al 4% del PIB, una disminuci\u00f3n frente al 14% en que se encontraba al momento de la crisis asi\u00e1tica, y desde el 2006, los excedentes del cobre se han usado para crear dos fondos soberanos que ahora tienen un valor combinado de US$ 22.000 millones, o cerca del 11% del PIB.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En otras palabras, en lugar de necesitar cr\u00e9ditos, el Gobierno chileno es un acreedor neto por primera vez en su historia reciente. Y el Banco Central de Chile tiene otro 13% del PIB -US$ 25.000 millones- en reservas internacionales para entregar la liquidez que el mercado local podr\u00eda requerir.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Eso fue lo que hizo cuando, a comienzos de octubre, los bancos del pa\u00eds vieron crecer sus l\u00edneas internacionales de cr\u00e9dito y comenzaron a retener su efectivo, llevando a Chile a su propia crisis de liquidez. El Ministerio de Hacienda ayud\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n al ingresar al pa\u00eds US$ 1.000 millones de sus ahorros en el extranjero y depositarlos en cuatro bancos locales.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Fue un momento dif\u00edcil que amenaz\u00f3 con paralizar el cr\u00e9dito interbancario y repetir en Chile una de las causas clave de la agitaci\u00f3n observada en los mercados internacionales. Pero los bancos chilenos pronto comenzaron nuevamente a otorgarse pr\u00e9stamos unos a otros, se\u00f1ala Alejandro Alarc\u00f3n, gerente general de la Asociaci\u00f3n de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras (ABIF).<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Hoy en d\u00eda, el sistema bancario de Chile tiene un nivel de liquidez bastante satisfactorio, sostiene. Cierto, depende de l\u00edneas de cr\u00e9dito de corto plazo avaluadas en unos US$ 3.000 millones para financiar las actividades de comercio exterior de los clientes y, cuando venzan, algunas de estas l\u00edneas podr\u00edan no ser renovadas.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Despu\u00e9s de todo, se estima que la mitad de ellas eran de Wachovia, banco estadounidense que entr\u00f3 en sus propias dificultades. No obstante, con Chile acumulando cerca de US$ 50.000 millones en reservas fiscales o del Banco Central, eso dif\u00edcilmente puede describirse como una crisis de liquidez, afirma Alarc\u00f3n.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><STRONG>Indicadores de Solvencia<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, las empresas chilenas no s\u00f3lo recurren a los mercados internacionales de cr\u00e9dito a trav\u00e9s de sus bancos locales, tambi\u00e9n lo hacen directamente y, seg\u00fan el Banco Central, tienen pr\u00e9stamos internacionales pendientes por US$ 47.000 millones, un alza frente a los US$ 38.000 millones de fines del a\u00f1o pasado. Esa cifra representa el 70% de la deuda externa total del pa\u00eds.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Alrededor de US$ 14.000 millones de este financiamiento -ya sea como cr\u00e9ditos bancarios o cr\u00e9dito de proveedores- comenzar\u00e1n a vencer en los pr\u00f3ximos 12 meses. No obstante, como demostr\u00f3 recientemente la empresa el\u00e9ctrica AES Gener al sellar un cr\u00e9dito sindicado de US$ 1.000 millones para una propuesta de nueva central de generaci\u00f3n a carb\u00f3n en el norte de Chile, los bancos internacionales no han cerrado del todo la tienda de cr\u00e9ditos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Tambi\u00e9n se ha informado que hay algunas empresas chilenas m\u00e1s que est\u00e1n en camino a renegociar pasivos de corto plazo. Pero si se suma la estrechez de los mercados internacionales a las condiciones m\u00e1s estrictas que est\u00e1n imponiendo los bancos locales -a los que las compa\u00f1\u00edas chilenas deben cerca de US$ 80.000 millones-, no es de extra\u00f1ar que los gerentes de finanzas est\u00e9n siendo consultados respecto de si sus empresas tienen suficiente efectivo para superar la crisis.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Y eso sin considerar la posibilidad de una ca\u00edda en las ganancias del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Pero, seg\u00fan Larra\u00edn Vial, firma de corretaje l\u00edder a nivel local, la mayor\u00eda de las grandes empresas chilenas est\u00e1n en una muy buena posici\u00f3n para hacer frente a la tormenta.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">De hecho, medidos seg\u00fan est\u00e1ndares hist\u00f3ricos, sus indicadores de solvencia son \u201cexcepcionalmente buenos\u201d, concluy\u00f3 Larra\u00edn Vial en un reciente informe. A una relaci\u00f3n justo por debajo de 1 a 1, relativa a patrimonio \/ deuda total de las empresas que conforman el IPSA \u2013el \u00edndice de precios de las acciones l\u00edderes de la bolsa local- \u00e9sta se sit\u00faa en un nivel saludablemente bajo, destaca el subgerente de estudios de Larra\u00edn Vial, Diego Gr\u00fcnwald.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Cierto, ha aumentado desde la relaci\u00f3n de apenas 0,8 a 1 de hace un par de a\u00f1os, pero a\u00fan est\u00e1 muy por debajo del nivel que registraba durante la crisis asi\u00e1tica. M\u00e1s a\u00fan, destaca Gr\u00fcnwald, las empresas que conforman el IPSA demorar\u00edan s\u00f3lo dos a\u00f1os en pagar la totalidad de sus deudas a partir de su flujo de efectivo medido seg\u00fan la Ebidta (la ganancia antes de intereses, impuestos, depreciaci\u00f3n y amortizaci\u00f3n) y algunas, como la empresa de bebidas Andina, podr\u00edan lograrlo -de hecho- con la Ebitda de apenas medio a\u00f1o.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero esas son s\u00f3lo las grandes empresas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre con las peque\u00f1as y medianas empresas (Pymes) que emplean seg\u00fan se estima a ocho de cada diez trabajadores chilenos?<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Dado que las Pymes tradicionalmente viven mucho m\u00e1s al d\u00eda que las grandes compa\u00f1\u00edas, se quejan de que est\u00e1n recibiendo la peor parte de la crisis financiera y que, en algunos casos, podr\u00edan llegar a quebrar. El Gobierno est\u00e1 muy al tanto del problema y ha anunciado una serie de medidas para protegerlas, incluyendo m\u00e1s recientemente una capitalizaci\u00f3n de US$500 millones del estatal BancoEstado con el fin de permitirle incrementar el otorgamiento de pr\u00e9stamos a las Pymes.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, las propias Pymes se muestran esc\u00e9pticas sobre los fondos que se canalizar\u00e1n a trav\u00e9s del sistema bancario. \u201cUna cosa es entregar dinero a los bancos; otra muy distinta es que realmente lo veamos\u201d, destac\u00f3 un emprendedor local. <SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><STRONG><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><STRONG>Sectores Vulnerables<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">De hecho, a medida que ajustan las condiciones crediticias, los bancos de Chile est\u00e1n tratando de encontrar un t\u00e9rmino medio entre controlar su exposici\u00f3n al riesgo y provocar precisamente la quiebra de empresas, lo que reducir\u00eda sus posibilidades de que se paguen los cr\u00e9ditos otorgados. Inicialmente, se\u00f1alan fuentes de mercado, comenzaron a reducir las l\u00edneas de cr\u00e9dito de manera generalizada, pero desde entonces se han vuelto m\u00e1s cuidadosos y selectivos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero el punto donde es necesario trazar es l\u00ednea depender\u00e1 de cu\u00e1nto se desacelere la econom\u00eda y, a su vez, de la profundidad y extensi\u00f3n de la recesi\u00f3n en ciernes en las principales econom\u00edas del mundo. En la Asociaci\u00f3n de Bancos, Alejandro Alarc\u00f3n est\u00e1 relativamente optimista.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Si bien reconoce que es a\u00fan es muy pronto para tener una opini\u00f3n definitiva, cree que los efectos de la crisis financiera sobre la econom\u00eda real no ser\u00e1n tan grandes como se temi\u00f3 en un principio y actualmente anticipa un crecimiento del PIB del 3%, o levemente inferior, en Chile el pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Sin embargo, Larra\u00edn Vial es menos visceral y proyecta una expansi\u00f3n del 1,8%.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">No obstante, hay consenso en cuanto a que la situaci\u00f3n variar\u00e1 de sector en sector. La industria de la construcci\u00f3n est\u00e1 en el ojo del hurac\u00e1n, no s\u00f3lo porque se ha visto afectada por el alza de este a\u00f1o a las tasas de inter\u00e9s y su impacto sobre los cr\u00e9ditos hipotecarios, sino que tambi\u00e9n porque muchas empresas constructoras dependen fuertemente de los pr\u00e9stamos, m\u00e1s que del patrimonio, para su capital de trabajo.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">De hecho, una constructora ya quebr\u00f3 y la desaceleraci\u00f3n de la industria y los resultantes despidos son uno de los principales mecanismos a trav\u00e9s de los que las condiciones financieras m\u00e1s ajustadas se transmitir\u00e1n a otros sectores de la econom\u00eda. El mayor desempleo, a su vez, vuelve al sector minorista vulnerable a un mayor riesgo de incumplimiento de los cr\u00e9ditos de tarjetas de tiendas adem\u00e1s de a menores ventas.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Otro sector que se ver\u00eda duramente afectado es el factoring. Debido a la naturaleza de su negocio, est\u00e1 altamente apalancado y depende casi exclusivamente de cr\u00e9ditos bancarios, mercado que ahora ha encontrado virtualmente cerrado.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Los exportadores de bienes b\u00e1sicos, por cierto, han enfrentado una ca\u00edda en los precios internacionales, pero est\u00e1n menos expuestos. Las mineras privadas -aunque no Codelco, la cupr\u00edfera estatal chilena, cuyos ingresos se destinan al Gobierno- a\u00fan cuentan con muchos recursos gracias al flujo de efectivo de los \u00faltimos tres a\u00f1os de precios r\u00e9cord del cobre, mientras los productores de celulosa del pa\u00eds recientemente concluyeron importantes planes de expansi\u00f3n y, por tanto, tendr\u00e1n una menor necesidad de recaudar financiamiento.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Por supuesto, los exportadores de bienes no b\u00e1sicos est\u00e1n sonriendo. En el lado positivo de la crisis financiera, la depreciaci\u00f3n del peso frente al d\u00f3lar los liber\u00f3 de la fortaleza de la moneda local, generada por los precios r\u00e9cord del cobre, lo que hab\u00eda estado afectando sus m\u00e1rgenes.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La excepci\u00f3n de este panorama es la industria salmonera, destaca Axel Christensen, gerente general de Cruz del Sur Inversiones. Ese sector es un fuerte usuario del apalancamiento a corto plazo, afirma, pero su problema real es que \u201csus activos se est\u00e1n muriendo\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Literalmente, de hecho. La industria est\u00e1 luchando con un brote de virus de anemia infecciosa del salm\u00f3n (ISA, por su sigla en ingl\u00e9s) y eso ayuda a explicar por qu\u00e9, por ejemplo, Larra\u00edn Vial identifica a Multiexport Foods, productor l\u00edder de salm\u00f3n, como una de las empresas m\u00e1s vulnerables del pa\u00eds en t\u00e9rminos financieros.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En los sectores vulnerables, las quiebras de algunas empresas no se pueden descartar, mientras que otras podr\u00edan verse forzadas a realizar fusiones y los proyectos de inversi\u00f3n se ver\u00e1n afectados, aunque Christensen destaca que los anuncios hasta ahora sugieren postergaciones, m\u00e1s que cancelaciones.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n ser\u00e1 un tiempo de oportunidades para adquirir activos a precios atractivos, para mejorar la infraestructura de la empresa a un menor costo o simplemente para surgir como una operaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s eficiente. Despu\u00e9s de todo, las crisis anteriores que ha sufrido Chile -ya sea la crisis bancaria de principios de la d\u00e9cada de los 80, que signific\u00f3 una mejor regulaci\u00f3n financiera, o la crisis asi\u00e1tica, que forz\u00f3 a las empresas a volverse m\u00e1s productivas- las han dejado en una mejor posici\u00f3n para aprovechar el repunte que en definitiva siempre traen consigo.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Ruth Bradley<\/STRONG> es la editora general de bUSiness CHILE. Adem\u00e1s se desempe\u00f1a como corresponsal en Santiago de The Economist.<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<b><I>How hard will it bite? That is what Chilean companies are wondering as they begin to feel the economic as well as financial effects of the international credit crunch.   <\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s message has been loud and clear &#8211; Chile is as well protected as it could be against the ill winds of the international credit crunch and the recession expected in many of the world\u2019s major economies, including the United States.<\/p>\n<p>That, of course, is what governments always say. It was what the government of President Eduardo Frei said just before the Asian financial crisis pushed Chile into a recession that knocked 0.8% off GDP in 1999.<\/p>\n<p>But, in the present case, Finance Minister Andr\u00e9s Velasco has some pretty impressive figures on his side. The government\u2019s foreign debt is now running at around 4% of GDP, down from 14% at the time of the Asian crisis, and since 2006, windfall copper revenues have been used to create two sovereign wealth funds that are now worth a combined US$ 22 billion, or some 11% of GDP. <\/p>\n<p>In other words, instead of having a borrowing requirement, the Chilean government is a net creditor for the first time in recent history. And the Central Bank has another 13% of GDP &#8211; US$ 25 billion &#8211; in international reserves with which to provide the liquidity that the local market may need. <\/p>\n<p>That was what it did when, in early October, the country\u2019s banks saw their international credit lines seize up and began to hold on to their cash, plunging Chile into its own liquidity crunch. The Finance Ministry helped too by bringing in US$1 billion of its savings from abroad and depositing them in four local banks. <\/p>\n<p>It was a rocky moment that threatened to paralyze interbank lending and repeat in Chile one of key causes of the turmoil seen in international markets. But Chilean banks soon started lending to each other again, says Alejandro Alarc\u00f3n, general manager of the Association of Banks and Financial Institutions (ABIF). <\/p>\n<p>Today, Chile\u2019s banking system has a quite satisfactory level of liquidity, he reports. True, it relies on short-term credit lines worth some US$ 3 billion to finance clients\u2019 foreign trade and, when they expire, some of these facilities may not be renewed. <\/p>\n<p>An estimated half of them were, after all, from Wachovia, a U.S. bank that ran into its own difficulties. Still, with Chile sitting on close to US$ 50 billion in Central Bank or fiscal reserves, that can hardly be described as a liquidity crisis, says Alarc\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p><font size= \u201c2\u201d> <b>Solvency indicators<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p>But Chilean companies not only tap into international credit markets through their local banks, they also do so directly and, according to the Central Bank, have outstanding overseas borrowing worth US$ 47 billion, up from US$ 38 billion at the end of last year. That represents 70% of the country\u2019s total foreign debt.<\/p>\n<p>Around US$ 14 billion of this financing &#8211; in the form of bank loans or supplier credit &#8211; will come up for repayment over the next 12 months. However, as electricity company AES Gener recently showed by sealing a syndicated loan of US$ 1 billion for a proposed new coal-fired generating plant in northern Chile, international banks have not totally closed up the credit shop.<\/p>\n<p>Some other Chilean companies are also reported to be on the way to renegotiating short-term liabilities. But add tighter international markets to the more stringent conditions being imposed by local banks &#8211; to which Chilean companies owe some US$ 80 billion &#8211; and it is little wonder that CFOs are being grilled about whether their company has enough cash to make it through. <\/p>\n<p>And that is without taking account the prospect of a drop in earnings next year. But, according to Larra\u00edn Vial, a leading local stockbrokerage house, most large Chilean companies are on a strong footing to ride out the rough weather. <\/p>\n<p>Indeed, by historical standards, their solvency indicators are \u201cexceptionally good\u201d, concluded Larra\u00edn Vial in a recent report. At just under 1 to 1, the aggregate debt\/equity ratio of IPSA companies &#8211; those comprising the main share price index &#8211; is at a healthily low level, notes assistant research manager, Diego Gr\u00fcnwald. <\/p>\n<p>True, it has increased from only 0.8 to 1 a couple of years ago but it is still well below its level during the Asian crisis. Moreover, notes Gr\u00fcnwald, it would take IPSA companies only just over two years to pay off all their debts out of cash flow measured as Ebidta (earnings before depreciation, interest, taxes and amortization) and some, like the Andina beverage company, could, in fact, do so with a mere half year\u2019s Ebitda.  <\/p>\n<p>But that is just large companies. What of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that employ an estimated eight in ten of Chilean workers?<\/p>\n<p>Typically far more hand-to-mouth than large companies, they complain they are getting the rough end of the financial stick and that, in some cases, could be beaten out of existence. The government is well aware of the problem and has announced a number of measures to protect them, including most recently a US$ 500 million capitalization of BancoEstado, the state bank, to allow it to increase its lending to SMEs.  <\/p>\n<p>But SMEs themselves are skeptical about funds that are channeled through the banking system. \u201cOne thing is giving money to the banks; quite another is whether we\u2019ll actually see it,\u201d noted one local entrepreneur. <\/p>\n<p><font size= \u201c2\u201d> <b>Vulnerable sectors<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p>Indeed, as they tighten credit conditions, Chile\u2019s banks are treading a fine line between controlling their exposure to risk and provoking precisely the company failures that would undercut their loan repayment prospects. Initially, say market sources, they started by cutting credit lines across the board, but have since become more careful and selective. <\/p>\n<p>But where that line needs to be drawn will depend on just how much the economy slows and, in turn, the depth and length of the looming recession in the world\u2019s main economies. At the Bank Association, Alejandro Alarc\u00f3n is relatively optimistic.<\/p>\n<p>Although recognizing that it is premature to form a definitive opinion, he thinks that the effects of the financial crisis on the real economy will not be as great as was originally feared and currently anticipates GDP growth of, or only slightly below, 3% in Chile next year. Larra\u00edn Vial is less sanguine, however, and is forecasting a 1.8% expansion.<\/p>\n<p>But there is consensus that the situation will vary from sector to sector. The construction industry is in the eye of the storm, not only because it has been bitten by this year\u2019s rise in interest rates and the impact on mortgages but also because many construction companies rely heavily on borrowing, rather than equity, for working capital.  <\/p>\n<p>One construction company has, indeed, already failed and the downturn in the industry and the resulting layoffs are one of the main mechanisms through which tighter financial conditions will be transmitted to other sectors of the economy. Higher unemployment, in turn, renders the retail sector vulnerable to a greater risk of default on store-card lending as well as weaker sales.<\/p>\n<p>Another sector reported to be taking a hard hit is factoring. Due to the nature of its business, it is heavily leveraged and relies almost exclusively on bank credit, a market that it has now found virtually closed.<\/p>\n<p>Commodity exporters have, of course, faced a drop in international prices but are less exposed. Private mining companies &#8211; although not Codelco, the state copper producer, whose earnings go to the government &#8211; are still plump with the cash flow of the last three years of record copper prices while the country\u2019s cellulose producers have recently completed major expansion plans and will, therefore, have less need to raise financing. <\/p>\n<p>Non-commodity exporters are, of course, smiling. In a silver lining to the financial crisis, the peso\u2019s depreciation against the dollar has brought them relief from a strong currency, born of record copper prices, which had been hurting their margins. <\/p>\n<p>The exception to this picture is the salmon industry, notes Axel Christensen, CEO of Cruz del Sur Inversiones. It is a heavy user of short-term leverage, he says, but its real problem is that \u201cits assets are dying\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Literally, in fact. The industry is grappling with an outbreak of the infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus and that helps to explain why, for example, Larra\u00edn Vial identifies Multiexport Foods, a leading salmon producer, as one of the country\u2019s most financially vulnerable companies.<\/p>\n<p>In vulnerable sectors, some company failures cannot be ruled out while others may be forced into mergers, and investment projects will suffer &#8211; although Christensen points out that announcements so far suggest postponements, rather than cancellations.<\/p>\n<p>But it will also be a time of opportunity to pick up assets at attractive prices, to improve company infrastructure at lower costs or simply to emerge as a leaner machine. Previous crises in Chile &#8211; whether the banking crisis of the early 1980s, which meant better financial regulation, or the Asian crisis, which forced companies to become more productive &#8211; have, after all, left them on a better footing to take advantage of the upturn that always eventually ensues. <\/p>\n<p><b>Ruth Bradley<\/b> is general editor of <b>bUSiness CHILE<\/b>. She is also the Santiago correspondent for The Economist.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P><EM>&nbsp;<\/EM><\/P><br \/>\n<P>\u00bfCu\u00e1n fuertemente las afectar\u00e1? Esa es la pregunta que se est\u00e1n haciendo las empresas chilenas a medida que comienzan a sentir los efectos tanto econ\u00f3micos como financieros de la crisis crediticia internacional. <!--:--><!--:en-->How hard will it bite? That is what Chilean companies are wondering as they begin to feel the economic as well as financial effects of the international credit crunch.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-4039","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Empresas Chilenas en la CrisisChilean Companies in the Crunch - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/empresas-chilenas-en-la-crisis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Empresas Chilenas en la CrisisChilean Companies in the Crunch - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; \u00bfCu\u00e1n fuertemente las afectar\u00e1? Esa es la pregunta que se est\u00e1n haciendo las empresas chilenas a medida que comienzan a sentir los efectos tanto econ\u00f3micos como financieros de la crisis crediticia internacional. How hard will it bite? 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