{"id":3985,"date":"2008-07-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-07-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-27T15:25:58","modified_gmt":"2015-01-27T15:25:58","slug":"verano-de-descontento","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/verano-de-descontento\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Verano de Descontento<!--:--><!--:en-->Summer of Discontent<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Los mercados mundiales fueron golpeados en el ultimo verano (del hemisferio norte) por una crisis crediticia surgida del financiamiento para la vivienda en Estados Unidos. Las repercusiones de esta crisis han generado dolorosos ajustes financieros que est\u00e1n afectando al crecimiento. Sin embargo, la econom\u00eda global ha mostrado hasta ahora una impresionante capacidad de resistencia.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Desafortunadamente, el premio a la resistencia ha sido una significativa alza de la inflaci\u00f3n que est\u00e1 lista para intensificarse durante los pr\u00f3ximos meses. La inflaci\u00f3n general de precios al consumidor en las econom\u00edas desarrolladas est\u00e1 lista para llegar al 4% interanual en los pr\u00f3ximos meses, nivel observado por \u00faltima vez en 1991. En los mercados emergentes, la inflaci\u00f3n de precios al consumidor apunta a un 8% frente al mismo lapso de hace un a\u00f1o. Dado que en las cartas tambi\u00e9n hay una significativa desaceleraci\u00f3n del crecimiento mundial, parece que estamos ingresando a un segundo verano (hemisferio norte) de descontento a medida que la estanflaci\u00f3n agrava las a\u00fan significativas heridas infringidas por la agitaci\u00f3n de los mercados crediticios el a\u00f1o pasado.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Es posible que todas estas tensiones se resuelvan mediante una recesi\u00f3n global producida por la reducci\u00f3n del poder adquisitivo debido a la mayor inflaci\u00f3n y el ajuste de los mercados financieros. Durante un per\u00edodo relativamente corto, la estancada demanda mundial y una fuerte ca\u00edda de las tasas de utilizaci\u00f3n de recursos podr\u00edan deprimir la capacidad de fijaci\u00f3n de precios y reducir los precios de los bienes b\u00e1sicos, aliviando as\u00ed la amenaza de la inflaci\u00f3n mundial.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, los riesgos de una recesi\u00f3n mundial han disminuido. Si bien la econom\u00eda de Estados Unidos podr\u00eda contraerse, las agresivas medidas tomadas por sus encargados de pol\u00edtica monetaria y el impresionante desempe\u00f1o de su sector no financiero -en el control de inventarios, gastos por concepto de intereses y m\u00e1rgenes de ganancias- han reducido el riesgo de fuertes recortes de personal y de producci\u00f3n. Por otra parte, la limitada vulnerabilidad financiera de Asia y las a\u00fan saludables din\u00e1micas de la demanda interna que hay en los mercados emergentes apuntan hacia una moderaci\u00f3n del crecimiento como tendencia.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Este mensaje se ve reforzado por los recientes indicadores, que muestran continuas y s\u00f3lidas ganancias de las exportaciones asi\u00e1ticas y de la actividad industrial hacia mediados de a\u00f1o. Coherente con la experiencia pasada, China ha desestimado la desaceleraci\u00f3n mundial y se est\u00e1 impulsando hacia adelante con rapidez, un mensaje subrayado por el impresionante avance de sus \u00faltimos indicadores econ\u00f3micos. La actividad se est\u00e1 desacelerando en gran parte del resto del mundo emergente, pero -durante los \u00faltimos tres meses- la producci\u00f3n industrial de los mercados emergentes a\u00fan ascend\u00eda a un 6% anualizado.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A falta de un giro decisivo hacia la debilidad, los funcionarios de los bancos centrales se enfrentan a la dura tarea de hallar el equilibrio correcto. Nuestro an\u00e1lisis sugiere que han pasado el ultimo a\u00f1o concentrado en los riesgos para el crecimiento, habiendo flexibilizado las tasas de pol\u00edtica monetaria mucho m\u00e1s que lo justificado por los desplazamientos de la inflaci\u00f3n de fondo y las tasas de utilizaci\u00f3n de recursos. Su reciente y marcado cambio hacia una ret\u00f3rica restrictiva refleja un reconocimiento tard\u00edo de que los planteamientos podr\u00edan requerir un ajuste. En las ecomom\u00edas de mercados emergentes donde no hay un temor significativo a la recesi\u00f3n, este ajuste ya comenz\u00f3. Sin embargo, es improbable que el aumento acumulativo de 50 puntos base en las tasas de inter\u00e9s que prevemos para este grupo de naciones entre ahora y fin de a\u00f1o sea suficiente para contrarrestar las presiones sobre la inflaci\u00f3n de fondo y los salarios.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Esperamos que la Reserva Federal de Estados Unidos se\u00f1ale cada vez m\u00e1s que su sesgo ya no est\u00e1 predispuesto hacia los temores sobre el crecimiento y la estabilidad financiera y que est\u00e1 comprometida para resistirse a un incremento de las expectativas de inflaci\u00f3n. Desde la perspectiva de su actual postura -la tasa interbancaria federal se mantiene bajo la inflaci\u00f3n de fondo-, esto ser\u00eda una se\u00f1al impl\u00edcita del camino futuro de la pol\u00edtica monetaria. Si el cambio en la percepci\u00f3n del riesgo de la Fed es validado por acontecimientos econ\u00f3micos y financieros en los pr\u00f3ximos meses, la Reserva Federal est\u00e1 apuntando a que el proceso de normalizaci\u00f3n de tasas posiblemente comience antes de fin de a\u00f1o.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Ben Laidler<\/STRONG> es jefe de investigaci\u00f3n y estratega para Latinoam\u00e9rica de JPMorgan.<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nGlobal markets were rocked last (northern hemisphere) summer by a credit crisis emanating from U.S. housing finance. The reverberations of this shock have produced painful financial adjustments that are weighing on growth. However, the global economy has displayed impressive resilience so far.  <\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, the reward for resilience has been a significant rise in inflation that is set to intensify during the coming months. Headline consumer price inflation in the developed economies is set to reach 4% year-over-year in the coming months, a level last seen in 1991. In emerging markets, consumer price inflation is headed for 8% over a year ago. With a material downshift in global growth also on the cards, it looks like we are entering a second summer of discontent as stagflation adds insult to the still significant injuries being inflicted by last year\u2019s credit market turmoil.<\/p>\n<p>It is possible that these strains will be resolved by a global recession produced by the squeeze on purchasing power from higher inflation combined with financial market tightening. Over a relatively short period of time, stagnant global demand and sharply falling resource utilization rates could depress pricing power and reduce commodity prices, thus alleviating the threat of global inflation. <\/p>\n<p>However, the risks of a global recession have receded. While the U.S. could contract, the aggressive actions by its policymakers and impressive performance by its non-financial sector &#8211; in controlling inventories, interest expense, and profit margins &#8211; have lowered the risk of deep cutbacks in jobs and output. Elsewhere, the limited financial vulnerability of Asia and the still healthy domestic demand dynamics that exist across emerging markets point in the direction of moderation to trend-like growth. <\/p>\n<p>This message is reinforced by recent indicators, which show continued solid gains in Asian exports and industrial activity into mid-year. Consistent with past experience, China has shrugged off the global slowdown and is powering ahead rapidly &#8211; a message driven home by the impressive advance in its recent data reports. Activity is slowing across much of the rest of the emerging world but, over the latest three-month period, emerging markets industrial production growth was still running at an annualized 6%. <\/p>\n<p>In the absence of a decisive turn toward weakness, central bankers face a tough task finding the right balance. Our analysis suggests that they have spent the past year focused on growth risks, having eased policy rates far more than warranted by movements in core inflation and resource utilization rates. Their marked recent shift toward hawkish rhetoric reflects a belated recognition that stances may require adjustment. In emerging market economies where there is no significant recession fear, this adjustment has begun. It is unlikely, however, that the cumulative 50 basis points policy-rate increase that we are forecasting for this group of countries between now and year-end will prove sufficient to offset pressures on core inflation and wages.<\/p>\n<p>We expect the U.S. Federal Reserve to increasingly signal that its bias is no longer skewed toward concern about growth and financial stability and that it is committed to resisting an up-creep in inflation expectations. Viewed against the backdrop of its current stance &#8211; the fed funds rate stands below core inflation &#8211; this would be an implicit signal of the path ahead for policy. If the Fed\u2019s shift in risk perception is validated by economic and financial developments in the coming months, the Fed is signaling that the rate normalization process is likely to start before year-end.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ben Laidler<\/b> is Latin American Strategist\/Head of Research at JPMorgan.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Los mercados mundiales fueron golpeados en el ultimo verano (del hemisferio norte) por una crisis crediticia surgida del financiamiento para la vivienda en Estados Unidos. Las repercusiones de esta crisis han generado dolorosos ajustes financieros que est\u00e1n afectando al crecimiento.<!--:--><!--:en-->Global markets were rocked last (northern hemisphere) summer by a credit crisis emanating from U.S. housing finance. The reverberations of this shock have produced painful financial adjustments that are weighing on growth. However, the global economy has displayed impressive resilience so far.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3985","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Verano de DescontentoSummer of Discontent - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/verano-de-descontento\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Verano de DescontentoSummer of Discontent - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Los mercados mundiales fueron golpeados en el ultimo verano (del hemisferio norte) por una crisis crediticia surgida del financiamiento para la vivienda en Estados Unidos. Las repercusiones de esta crisis han generado dolorosos ajustes financieros que est\u00e1n afectando al crecimiento.Global markets were rocked last (northern hemisphere) summer by a credit crisis emanating from U.S. housing finance. The reverberations of this shock have produced painful financial adjustments that are weighing on growth. 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Las repercusiones de esta crisis han generado dolorosos ajustes financieros que est\u00e1n afectando al crecimiento.Global markets were rocked last (northern hemisphere) summer by a credit crisis emanating from U.S. housing finance. The reverberations of this shock have produced painful financial adjustments that are weighing on growth. 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