{"id":3966,"date":"2008-06-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-06-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-27T18:30:27","modified_gmt":"2015-01-27T18:30:27","slug":"la-nueva-clase-gobernante-del-mundo","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/la-nueva-clase-gobernante-del-mundo\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->La Nueva Clase Gobernante del Mundo<!--:--><!--:en-->Por Ruth Bradley<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P>\u00bfQui\u00e9n gobierna al mundo? \u00c9sa es la pregunta analizada por el consultor de negocios y experto en pol\u00edtica David Rothkopf en su nuevo libro, <EM>Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making<\/EM>.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La pregunta en s\u00ed \u2013frecuente en el terreno de quienes teorizan sobre las conspiraciones- es tan antigua como el mundo mismo, pero Rothkopf (conocido de los miembros de AmCham Chile por su participaci\u00f3n en la conferencia Business Future of the Americas Conference celebrada el a\u00f1o pasado en Santiago) tiene una nueva respuesta, la que en muchos aspectos resulta inquietante. Tal como las naciones del pasado generaron elites nacionales del mismo modo, afirma, la globalizaci\u00f3n ha producido una nueva elite mundial o superclase, formada por personas de distintas esferas sociales -financistas, funcionarios de bancos centrales, l\u00edderes de negocios, jefes de Estado, jefes militares, barones de los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, l\u00edderes religiosos, artistas- para quienes el mundo est\u00e1 a sus pies. Las comunicaciones globales ayudan tal como los jets privados Gulfstream, que son parte del equipamiento b\u00e1sico de la nueva elite y uno de sus s\u00edmbolos m\u00e1s visibles. Ser rico es \u00fatil -muchos miembros de la nueva elite son m\u00e1s ricos que cualquier elite de la historia, destaca Rothkopf-, pero lo central es el poder, el poder para tener un efecto sobre la vida de las personas a escala mundial.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>\u00bfQui\u00e9nes son los miembros de esta nueva superclase y cu\u00e1ntos son? <\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><\/EM>Termin\u00e9 con un grupo medular de entre 6.000 y 7.000 personas, en otras palabras, una en un mill\u00f3n. En cuanto a qui\u00e9nes son, el 94% son hombres y el 60% proviene de Estados Unidos o Europa, si bien el segmento asi\u00e1tico es el que ha crecido con mayor rapidez.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>\u00bfA d\u00f3nde debo ir si quiero reunirme con ellos? \u00bfDavos? <\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><\/EM>Muchas de las personas que conforman la superclase s\u00ed asisten a la reuni\u00f3n del Foro Econ\u00f3mico Mundial en Davos. Gulfstream, por ejemplo, estima que el 10% de sus 1.500 aviones est\u00e1n detenidos en el aeropuerto durante dicha reuni\u00f3n. Pero el hecho de ir a Davos no significa necesariamente que seas de la superclase. Los miembros de la superclase tienden a haber asistido a las mismas universidades -Harvard, Oxford y Cambridge, la Sorbonne y la Universidad de Tokio, por ejemplo- y a menudo pertenecen a los mismos clubes como el Council on Foreign Relations de Nueva York.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Las elites siempre han existido; \u00bfqu\u00e9 es lo novedoso de \u00e9sta? <\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><\/EM>M\u00e1s que nunca antes, \u00e9sta afecta de manera regular las vidas de millones de personas a trav\u00e9s de las fronteras porque, si se les compara con las elites del pasado, tiene una cantidad muy grande de miembros que operan a escala global. Y, en parte debido a las comunicaciones globales, tienen m\u00e1s en com\u00fan entre ellos que con otra gente en su propio pa\u00eds. La nueva superclase tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 m\u00e1s estrechamente asociada al sector de lo privado, en lugar al de lo p\u00fablico, y hay una enorme concentraci\u00f3n de poder y riqueza. Recuerde que las 100 empresas m\u00e1s grandes del mundo son m\u00e1s grandes que una serie de Estados. Desde el techo del mundo, el planeta puede verse muy peque\u00f1o.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Eso es preocupante\u2026<\/EM> <\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El poder de los Gobiernos nacionales est\u00e1 disminuyendo en muchas partes del mundo. Los Gobiernos por su propia naturaleza est\u00e1n confinados a las fronteras, mientras que los miembros de la nueva superclase operan a una escala global. Los Gobiernos son particularmente d\u00e9biles cuando se trata de abordar temas transnacionales. En ese sentido, el sistema de Westfalia necesita cierto afinamiento o, quiz\u00e1s, una revisi\u00f3n radical porque es incapaz de abordar temas como el cambio clim\u00e1tico o la regulaci\u00f3n de los mercados financieros internacionales. La superclase llena el vac\u00edo en esta estructura. Puede intervenir para resolver una crisis -digamos, una crisis financiera- de manera r\u00e1pida y eficiente, pero si un grupo de sus miembros act\u00faa en conjunto, pueden hacer avanzar sus propios intereses. Las elites en el pasado se excedieron, pero ahora no hay mecanismos nacionales para contrapesar el poder de la superclase. Tiene much\u00edsimo m\u00e1s poder que cualquier otro grupo en el planeta.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Entonces, \u00bfes la nueva superclase una mala noticia?<\/EM> <\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Realmente no puedo afirmarlo. Algunos de sus miembros hacen el bien, como Bill Gates, y otros son completamente malos. Lo que puedo decir es que vivimos en un mundo de excesos sin parang\u00f3n en el que la igualdad se est\u00e1 deteriorando. El 10% m\u00e1s rico ahora controla el 85% de toda la riqueza del mundo. Eso es realmente inquietante y quienes tienen poder tienen que responder por \u00e9l. Chile, por ejemplo, lo ha hecho bien, pero la inequidad es un problema ah\u00ed.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>\u00bfY d\u00f3nde deja eso a la democracia?<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><\/EM>&nbsp;Para comenzar, claramente hay algo mal si el 94% de la superclase son hombres. Una estructura pol\u00edtica que no es representativa es una fuente de tensi\u00f3n. Necesitamos mecanismos globales que reflejen la voluntad de la gente com\u00fan y corriente, de lo contrario aparece el riesgo de una reacci\u00f3n violenta. E, incluso si los l\u00edderes empresariales fueran \u00e1ngeles, no podr\u00edan actuar en beneficio del inter\u00e9s p\u00fablico, porque tienen una obligaci\u00f3n para con sus accionistas. Adem\u00e1s analizan los resultados trimestrales y no los de m\u00e1s largo plazo porque no se les paga por hacer eso y la nueva elite es m\u00e1s ef\u00edmera que las del pasado. El tiempo del poder vitalicio e inherente ya pas\u00f3. Perteneces a la nueva superclase s\u00f3lo mientras dure tu poder y eso a menudo est\u00e1 relacionado con tu empleo.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG><EM>Una \u00faltima pregunta, \u00bfhay alg\u00fan chileno miembro de la superclase?<\/EM><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><EM><\/EM>&nbsp;Considero que los latinoamericanos corresponden a entre un 10% y un 15% de la nueva elite y, por supuesto, en ese grupo hay chilenos. Colocar\u00eda entre ellos a la presidenta Bachelet, al ministro de Relaciones Exteriores Foxley y a los due\u00f1os de las empresas l\u00edderes del pa\u00eds.<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nWho rules the world? That is the question examined by business consultant and political scholar David Rothkopf in his new book, Superclass: <I>The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making. <\/I><\/p>\n<p>The question itself &#8211; more often the territory of conspiracy theorists &#8211; is as old as the world itself but Rothkopf &#8211; familiar to AmCham Chile members from his participation in last year\u2019s Business Future of the Americas Conference in Santiago &#8211; has a new and, in many ways, troubling answer. Just as the nation states of the past produced national elites so too, he argues, has globalization produced a new global elite or superclass, formed by people from different walks of life &#8211; financiers, central bankers, business leaders, heads of state, military chiefs, media barons, religious leaders, artists &#8211; for whom the world is their oyster. <\/p>\n<p>Global communications help and so do Gulfstream private jets, which are part of the new elite\u2019s basic equipment and one of their most visible giveaways. Being rich is useful &#8211; many members of the new elite are wealthier than any elite ever before, notes Rothkopf &#8211; but the bottom line is power, the power to affect the lives of people on a global scale. <\/p>\n<p><b><I>Who are the members of this new superclass and how many of them are there? <\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>I ended up with a core group of somewhere between 6,000 and 7,000 people or, in other words, one in a million. As to who they are, 94% are men and 60% are from the U.S. or Europe, although the Asian segment is the one that\u2019s growing fastest. <\/p>\n<p><b><I>Where do I go if I want to meet them? Davos?  <\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>A lot of superclass people do go to the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos. Gulfstream, for example, estimates that 10% of its 1,500 planes are parked at the airport during that meeting. But going to Davos doesn\u2019t necessarily mean you\u2019re superclass. Members of the superclass tend to have gone to the same universities &#8211; Harvard, Oxford and Cambridge, the Sorbonne and the University of Tokyo, for example &#8211; and they often belong to the same clubs like the Council on Foreign Relations in New York.    <\/p>\n<p><b><I>Elites have always existed; what\u2019s new about this one? <\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>More than ever before, it affects the lives of millions of people across borders on a regular basis because, as compared to the elites of the past, it has a very large number of members who operate on a global scale. And, partly because of global communications, they have more in common with each other than with their own country people.<\/p>\n<p>The new superclass is also more closely associated with the private, rather than public, sector and there\u2019s an enormous concentration of power and wealth. Remember that the world\u2019s 100 largest corporations are bigger than all but a handful of states. From the top, the world can look very small.<\/p>\n<p><b><I>That\u2019s worrying\u2026<\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>The power of national governments is waning in many parts of the world. Governments by their very nature are confined within borders whereas the members of the new superclass operate on a global scale. Governments are particularly weak when it comes to dealing with transnational issues. In that sense, the Westphalian system needs some fine-tuning or, perhaps, radical revision because it isn\u2019t able to address issues like climate change or the regulation of international financial markets.<\/p>\n<p>The superclass fills the void in this structure. It can step in to resolve a crisis &#8211; say, a financial crisis &#8211; fast and efficiently but, if a group of its members act together, they can advance their own interests. Elites in the past have overreached themselves but now there aren\u2019t national mechanisms to counterbalance the power of the superclass. It has vastly more power than any other group on the planet.<\/p>\n<p><b><I>So the new superclass is bad news?<\/I><\/b><\/p>\n<p>I really can\u2019t say. Some of its members do good, like Bill Gates, and some are downright evil. What I can say is that we live in a world of unparalleled excess in which equality is deteriorating. The top 10% now control 85% of all the wealth in the world. That\u2019s really troubling and those with power have to answer for it.  Chile, for example, has done well but inequality is a problem there.   <\/p>\n<p><b><I>And where does that leave democracy?<\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>To start with, something is clearly wrong when 94% of the superclass is male. A political structure that isn\u2019t representative is a source of tension. We need global mechanisms that reflect the will of ordinary people otherwise there\u2019s the risk of a backlash.<\/p>\n<p>And, even if corporate leaders were angels, they couldn\u2019t act in the public interest because their obligation is to their shareholders. They\u2019re also looking at quarterly earnings not the longer term because they\u2019re not paid to do that and the new elite is more transient than those of the past. The age of inherent lifelong power has passed. You only belong to the new superclass as long as your power lasts and that\u2019s often job-related.<\/p>\n<p><b><I>One last question, are there any superclass Chileans?<\/b><\/I><\/p>\n<p>I estimate that Latin Americans account for around 10-15% of the new elite and, of course, there are Chileans. I\u2019d put President Bachelet, Foreign Minister Foxley and the country\u2019s leading business owners there.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P>\u00bfQui\u00e9n gobierna al mundo?<!--:--><!--:en-->Who rules the world? That is the question examined by business consultant and political scholar David Rothkopf in his new book, Superclass: <I>The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making. <\/I><\/p>\n<p>The question itself is as old as the world itself but Rothkopf &#8211; familiar to AmCham Chile members from his participation in last year\u2019s Business Future of the Americas Conference in Santiago &#8211; has a new and, in many ways, troubling answer<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3966","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Nueva Clase Gobernante del MundoPor Ruth Bradley - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-nueva-clase-gobernante-del-mundo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Nueva Clase Gobernante del MundoPor Ruth Bradley - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfQui\u00e9n gobierna al mundo?Who rules the world? That is the question examined by business consultant and political scholar David Rothkopf in his new book, Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making.   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