{"id":3810,"date":"2007-06-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-06-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-29T11:48:52","modified_gmt":"2015-01-29T14:48:52","slug":"fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Fomentando el Esfuerzo del Emprendimiento<!--:--><!--:en-->Fostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nPuede que Peter Kellner tenga s\u00f3lo 37 a\u00f1os de edad, pero sin duda tiene mucha experiencia. Tras estudiar leyes en la Universidad de Yale y un MBA en Harvard, cofund\u00f3 una empresa petrolera en Rusia la que posteriormente vendi\u00f3, para luego  irse a ayudar a crear la Asociaci\u00f3n de Legislaci\u00f3n y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental de Hungr\u00eda, todo ello antes de fundar Richmond Management, la firma neoyorquina de capital de riesgo e inversi\u00f3n de la cual es actualmente director gerente.<\/p>\n<p>Entre tanto, tambi\u00e9n ayud\u00f3 a fundar Endeavor, una organizaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro formada en 1997 para promover el esp\u00edritu empresarial y apoyar a los emprendedores de mercados emergentes alrededor del mundo. Tanto Chile &#8211; lugar donde Kellner adem\u00e1s vivi\u00f3- como Argentina fueron los primeros de una lista de nueve pa\u00edses, fuera de Estados Unidos, en los que Endeavor ha abierto oficinas, hasta ahora. <\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s de Chile y Argentina, Endeavor est\u00e1 presente en Brasil, Colombia, M\u00e9xico y Uruguay, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 se concentra en Latinoam\u00e9rica?<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, se debe en parte a que Linda Rottenberg, nuestra gerente general, estaba trabajando ah\u00ed cuando nos conocimos y compartimos la idea de fundar Endeavor. Y ten\u00eda la ventaja de que el huso horario es el mismo que en Estados Unidos y que viajar es sencillo. Pero tambi\u00e9n parec\u00eda la elecci\u00f3n natural debido a todos los lazos e historia que comparten Am\u00e9rica del Norte y del Sur. Pudimos haber ido -digamos- a China, pero no hab\u00eda ninguna conexi\u00f3n ah\u00ed. Dicho esto, ahora estamos abriendo una oficina en India y tambi\u00e9n estamos presentes en Sud\u00e1frica y Turqu\u00eda. <\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Chile? Despu\u00e9s de todo, es un pa\u00eds peque\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, lo peque\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n significa manejabilidad como una plataforma para el crecimiento, y Chile es una excelente plataforma. Cuando llegu\u00e9 ah\u00ed en 1996, encontr\u00e9 un pa\u00eds estable, bien organizado, con un muy buen clima para los negocios y excelentes universidades. <\/p>\n<p>\u00bfTiene Am\u00e9rica Latina alguna caracter\u00edstica particular en lo que respecta al emprendimiento? <\/p>\n<p>Los latinoamericanos a menudo me preguntan eso, y la respuesta es que en realidad no. Cada pa\u00eds es diferente, por supuesto, pero los emprendedores de todo el mundo tienen la misma esencia. Est\u00e1n dispuestos a pensar en grande y a tomar riesgos, son personas que resuelven problemas y que aprenden r\u00e1pido.<\/p>\n<p>Cuando fundamos Endeavor, identificamos cinco barreras clave para el emprendimiento: falta de modelos a seguir, falta de confianza, limitada experiencia en gesti\u00f3n, limitado acceso al capital y falta de mentores; y ya sea que est\u00e9s en un pa\u00eds latinoamericano o en Turqu\u00eda o Nigeria, encuentras b\u00e1sicamente esas mismas barreras.<br \/>\nY \u00bfqu\u00e9 cambios ha visto en los \u00faltimos diez a\u00f1os?  <\/p>\n<p>Hay una tendencia global hacia el emprendimiento a medida que las trayectorias profesionales m\u00e1s tradicionales desaparecen, la red de informaci\u00f3n crece \u2013ahora es una industria en s\u00ed misma-, y que la gente se conecta con las  oportunidades  en la b\u00fasqueda  por encontrar ideas y soluciones. En Latinoam\u00e9rica, las universidades tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n adoptando r\u00e1pidamente el emprendimiento, las necesidades de nuevas industrias y el concepto del desarrollo del capital humano. Esa tendencia no desapareci\u00f3 con el desplome de las firmas de Internet, sino que m\u00e1s bien se aceler\u00f3. Adem\u00e1s, la gente est\u00e1 comenzando a saber m\u00e1s de la gesti\u00f3n de riesgo. <\/p>\n<p>De modo que el desplome de las empresas de Internet dej\u00f3 algunas lecciones\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, la gente aprendi\u00f3 a manejar las expectativas y ver m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del furor. Espero que tambi\u00e9n hayamos aprendido que crear un negocio toma tiempo, implica moderaci\u00f3n del riesgo y requiere de la gente y la estrategia correctas. A\u00fan hay que pensar en grande, pero tambi\u00e9n  se debe entender que tomar\u00e1 tiempo llegar hasta ah\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfCambi\u00f3 la estrategia de Endeavor de alg\u00fan modo?<\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed, en dos formas. Ahora esperamos tener suficiente presencia para que nuestras actuales oficinas  en los distintos pa\u00edses donde estamos establecidos desempe\u00f1en un papel importante en nuestra expansi\u00f3n hacia nuevas naciones. Un ejemplo inicial de ello, fue la apertura de nuestra oficina en Uruguay, un paso natural desde Argentina que emprendimos junto con Endeavor Argentina, y hoy las dos oficinas comparten una serie de recursos. <\/p>\n<p>\u00bfD\u00f3nde m\u00e1s quisieran estar en Latinoam\u00e9rica? <\/p>\n<p>Nos encantar\u00eda estar en Ecuador, Per\u00fa y, quiz\u00e1s, en Costa Rica. Tenemos personal a tiempo completo buscando nuevas ubicaciones, pero nuestro modelo exige llegar a un pa\u00eds a trav\u00e9s de un grupo de liderazgo, especialmente de la comunidad empresarial.<\/p>\n<p>Y el segundo cambio en su estrategia\u2026 <\/p>\n<p>La profundizaci\u00f3n en los pa\u00edses en los que ya estamos presentes. Por ejemplo, en Chile, no s\u00f3lo pretendemos estar en Santiago, sino que tambi\u00e9n -digamos- en el sur del pa\u00eds. Una de nuestras empresas, Geomar -una exportadora de mariscos- opera en Puerto Montt y otra -Genesys, empresa de TI- tiene sede en Concepci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Endeavor Brasil fue pionera en esta idea y se est\u00e1 expandiendo m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las principales ciudades. \u00c9ste es un excelente ejemplo para ver c\u00f3mo los distintos pa\u00edses est\u00e1n en mejor posici\u00f3n para desarrollar iniciativas que calcen con sus propias y particulares necesidades y condiciones.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfA menudo los emprendedores pueden recaudar capital semilla entre sus familiares y amigos, pero en Latinoam\u00e9rica a d\u00f3nde recurren despu\u00e9s de ah\u00ed? <\/p>\n<p>De hecho, no tienen a d\u00f3nde ir. La regi\u00f3n no tiene el equivalente al NASDAQ y no hay mercados de capital eficientes para  las peque\u00f1as empresas. En las etapas iniciales de capital de riesgo, tambi\u00e9n hay una falta de experiencia t\u00e9cnica en la gesti\u00f3n del crecimiento tanto entre los inversionistas como entre los emprendedores. Los mercados de capital eficientes son cruciales para el desarrollo del emprendimiento no s\u00f3lo en lo que respecta a recaudar financiamiento, sino que tambi\u00e9n para que los inversionistas puedan salir de una empresa o para que un emprendedor pueda venderla y avanzar hacia un nuevo proyecto.  <\/p>\n<p>Quiz\u00e1s los gobiernos debieran entregar un capital inicial\u2026<\/p>\n<p>A mi juicio el rol del gobierno es permitir que el capital se organice, no ser un inversionista. Lo que los gobiernos debieran hacer es reformular la legislaci\u00f3n tributaria y as\u00ed sucesivamente, de modo que el capital pueda fluir libremente y adem\u00e1s permitir la movilidad laboral. Sin esta \u00faltima, no habr\u00e1 mucha expansi\u00f3n del emprendimiento, porque los emprendedores necesitan poder contratar y despedir. \u00c9se es un problema fundamental.<\/p>\n<p>Otro problema que a menudo se cita como una barrera para el emprendimiento en Latinoam\u00e9rica es el temor al fracaso\u2026.<\/p>\n<p>Eso es verdad y tiene que cambiar. Un emprendedor que ha fracasado  pero tiene buenos antecedentes, tiene la ventaja de ser menos propenso a cometer de nuevo los mismos errores. Sin embargo, Am\u00e9rica Latina no es el \u00fanico lugar donde el fracaso es mal visto.<\/p>\n<p>Y \u00bfd\u00f3nde ve a Endeavor de aqu\u00ed a diez a\u00f1os m\u00e1s?<\/p>\n<p>En los \u00faltimos diez a\u00f1os, abrimos oficinas en diez pa\u00edses y nuestro objetivo es ser una organizaci\u00f3n global. Nuestra pr\u00f3xima oficina podr\u00eda estar en un pa\u00eds de Medio Oriente y tambi\u00e9n estamos mirando hacia \u00c1frica. Pero convertirse en una organizaci\u00f3n global va a requerir la capacidad de entregar franquicias, en otras palabras, dejar que la gente lo haga por s\u00ed sola.<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nPeter Kellner may be only thirty-seven years old but he has packed a lot in. After studying law at Yale University and an MBA at Harvard, he co-founded an oil company in Russia that he subsequently sold and went on to help create Hungary\u2019s Environmental Management and Law Association before founding Richmond Management, the New York-based investment and venture capital firm of which he is currently the managing director.<\/p>\n<p>And, in between times, he also helped found Endeavor, a non-profit organization established in 1997 to promote entrepreneurship and support entrepreneurs in emerging markets around the world. Chile &#8211; where Kellner has also lived &#8211; and Argentina were the first of the nine countries outside the United States in which Endeavor has so far opened offices. <\/p>\n<p>As well as Chile and Argentina, Endeavor is in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. Why the focus on Latin America?<\/p>\n<p>Well, it was partly because Linda Rottenberg, our CEO, was working there when we met and shared the idea of founding Endeavor. And it had the advantage that the time zone is the same as for the United States and travel is easy. But it also seemed the natural choice because of all the ties and history that North and South America share. We could have gone to, say, China but there weren\u2019t any connections there. That said, we\u2019re opening an office now in India and are also in South Africa and Turkey. <\/p>\n<p>Why Chile? After all, it\u2019s a small country.<\/p>\n<p>Well, small also means manageability as a platform for growth and Chile is an excellent platform. When I landed there in 1996, I found a stable, well-organized country with a very good business climate and excellent universities. <\/p>\n<p>Does Latin America have any particular characteristics as regards entrepreneurship? <\/p>\n<p>Latin Americans often ask me that and the answer is that not really. Every country is different, of course, but entrepreneurs around the world have the same essential core. They\u2019re willing to think big and take risks, they\u2019re problem solvers and they\u2019re fast learners.<\/p>\n<p>When we founded Endeavor, we identified five key barriers to entrepreneurship &#8211; a lack of role models, a lack of trust, limited management expertise, limited access to capital, and a lack of mentors &#8211; and whether you\u2019re in a Latin American country or Turkey or Nigeria, you find basically those same barriers. <\/p>\n<p>And what changes have you seen in the last ten years?  <\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a global trend towards entrepreneurship as the more traditional career paths disappear and the networking of information increases &#8211; that\u2019s an industry in itself now &#8211; and people link into opportunities to pursue ideas and find solutions. In Latin America, universities are also rapidly embracing entrepreneurship, the needs of new industries and the concept of developing human capital. That trend didn\u2019t disappear with the bust of the Internet boom, but rather accelerated. Also people are getting to know more about risk management. <\/p>\n<p>So the Internet bust left some lessons\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Well, people learned to look beyond the hype and to manage expectations. I hope we also learned that building a business takes time, that it involves risk mitigation and that it needs the right people and the right strategy. You still have to think big, but also to understand that it will take time to get there.<\/p>\n<p>Has Endeavor\u2019s strategy changed at all?<\/p>\n<p>Yes, in two ways. We hope we now have enough of a presence for our existing country offices to play a key role in our expansion to new countries. An early example of that was the opening of our office in Uruguay, a natural step from Argentina that we took together with Endeavor Argentina, and the two offices share a lot of resources. <\/p>\n<p>Where else would you like to be in Latin America? <\/p>\n<p>We\u2019d love to be in Ecuador, Peru and, perhaps, Costa Rica. We have a full-time employee scouting for new locations but our model requires that we are pulled in by a country through a syndicate of leadership, especially from the business community.<\/p>\n<p>And the second change in your strategy\u2026 <\/p>\n<p>To go deeper into the countries in which we are already present. For example, in Chile, to be not only in Santiago but also in, say, the south of the country. One of our companies, Geomar, a seafood exporter, operates in Puerto Montt and another, Genesys, an IT firm, is based in Concepci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Endeavor Brazil pioneered this idea and is expanding beyond the main cities. That\u2019s an excellent example of how different countries are best placed to develop initiatives that fit their own particular needs and conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Entrepreneurs can often raise seed capital from family and friends but, in Latin America, where do they go from there? <\/p>\n<p>Indeed, they don\u2019t have a place to go. The region doesn\u2019t have the equivalent of NASDAQ and there aren\u2019t efficient capital markets for small companies. In the early stages of venture capital, there\u2019s also a lack of expertise in managing growth among both investors and entrepreneurs. Efficient capital markets are crucial for the development of entrepreneurship not only as regards raising finance but also for investors to be able to exit from a company or for the entrepreneur to sell it and move on to a new project.  <\/p>\n<p>Maybe governments should be providing early-stage capital\u2026<\/p>\n<p>My view is that the role of government is to enable capital to organize itself, not to be an investor. What governments should do is to rewrite tax laws and so on, so that capital can flow freely and also to permit labor mobility. Without labor mobility, there won\u2019t be much expansion of entrepreneurship because entrepreneurs need to be able to hire and fire. That\u2019s a fundamental problem.<\/p>\n<p>Another problem that\u2019s often cited as a barrier to entrepreneurship in Latin America is fear of failure\u2026.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s true and it has to change. An entrepreneur who has failed but has the right credentials has the plus of being less likely to make the same mistakes again. However, Latin America isn\u2019t the only place where failure is frowned on.<\/p>\n<p>And where do you see Endeavor in another ten years\u2019 time?<\/p>\n<p>In the last ten years, we\u2019ve opened offices in ten countries and our aim is to be a global organization. Our next office may be in a Middle East country and we\u2019re also looking at Africa. But to become global is going to require the ability to franchise &#8211; in other words, to let people do it for themselves.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->Puede que Peter Kellner tenga s\u00f3lo 37 a\u00f1os de edad, pero sin duda tiene mucha experiencia. Tras estudiar leyes en la Universidad de Yale y un MBA en Harvard, cofund\u00f3 una empresa petrolera en Rusia la que posteriormente vendi\u00f3, para luego  irse a ayudar a crear la Asociaci\u00f3n de Legislaci\u00f3n y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental de Hungr\u00eda, todo ello antes de fundar Richmond Management, la firma neoyorquina de capital de riesgo e inversi\u00f3n de la cual es actualmente director gerente.<!--:--><!--:en-->Peter Kellner may be only thirty-seven years old but he has packed a lot in. After studying law at Yale University and an MBA at Harvard, he co-founded an oil company in Russia that he subsequently sold and went on to help create Hungary\u2019s Environmental Management and Law Association before founding Richmond Management, the New York-based investment and venture capital firm of which he is currently the managing director.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3810","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fomentando el Esfuerzo del EmprendimientoFostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fomentando el Esfuerzo del EmprendimientoFostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Puede que Peter Kellner tenga s\u00f3lo 37 a\u00f1os de edad, pero sin duda tiene mucha experiencia. Tras estudiar leyes en la Universidad de Yale y un MBA en Harvard, cofund\u00f3 una empresa petrolera en Rusia la que posteriormente vendi\u00f3, para luego irse a ayudar a crear la Asociaci\u00f3n de Legislaci\u00f3n y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental de Hungr\u00eda, todo ello antes de fundar Richmond Management, la firma neoyorquina de capital de riesgo e inversi\u00f3n de la cual es actualmente director gerente.Peter Kellner may be only thirty-seven years old but he has packed a lot in. After studying law at Yale University and an MBA at Harvard, he co-founded an oil company in Russia that he subsequently sold and went on to help create Hungary\u2019s Environmental Management and Law Association before founding Richmond Management, the New York-based investment and venture capital firm of which he is currently the managing director.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-01-29T14:48:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fomentando el Esfuerzo del EmprendimientoFostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2007-06-01T04:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-01-29T14:48:52+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Fomentando el Esfuerzo del EmprendimientoFostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/\",\"name\":\"AmCham Chile\",\"description\":\"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Fomentando el Esfuerzo del EmprendimientoFostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/fomentando-el-esfuerzo-del-emprendimiento\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Fomentando el Esfuerzo del EmprendimientoFostering the Endeavor of Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile","og_description":"Puede que Peter Kellner tenga s\u00f3lo 37 a\u00f1os de edad, pero sin duda tiene mucha experiencia. Tras estudiar leyes en la Universidad de Yale y un MBA en Harvard, cofund\u00f3 una empresa petrolera en Rusia la que posteriormente vendi\u00f3, para luego irse a ayudar a crear la Asociaci\u00f3n de Legislaci\u00f3n y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental de Hungr\u00eda, todo ello antes de fundar Richmond Management, la firma neoyorquina de capital de riesgo e inversi\u00f3n de la cual es actualmente director gerente.Peter Kellner may be only thirty-seven years old but he has packed a lot in. 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