{"id":3769,"date":"2007-03-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-03-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-29T13:01:49","modified_gmt":"2015-01-29T16:01:49","slug":"un-mundo-desacelerado","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/un-mundo-desacelerado\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Un Mundo Desacelerado<!--:--><!--:en-->A Slowing World<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<B><I>En el 2007, es probable que el crecimiento mundial se desacelere y Chile, como una de las econom\u00edas m\u00e1s abiertas de Latinoam\u00e9rica, est\u00e1 expuesto a esta tendencia.<\/B><\/I><\/p>\n<p>En el 2007, los precios de los commodities y, por lo tanto, los ingresos por exportaciones de Chile debieran recibir cierto soporte de la debilidad del d\u00f3lar estadounidense. Adem\u00e1s, el s\u00f3lido entorno macro-pol\u00edtico de Chile y el robusto consumo junto con la expansi\u00f3n fiscal debieran dar un importante respaldo al crecimiento interno. No obstante, la econom\u00eda chilena no estar\u00e1 inmune si, tal como anticipamos, la econom\u00eda mundial se desacelera este a\u00f1o. <\/p>\n<p>Prevemos que el crecimiento global caer\u00e1 a un 3,4% en el 2007, lo que se compara con el 4,5% del 2006, con un cambio en la composici\u00f3n del alejado crecimiento de Estados Unidos y del gasto de consumo. Si estamos en lo correcto, este resultado terminar\u00e1 con los cuatro a\u00f1os de crecimiento por sobre la tendencia que la econom\u00eda mundial experiment\u00f3 desde el 2002 al 2006, per\u00edodo que, de paso, fue el cuatrienio m\u00e1s s\u00f3lido para el crecimiento global en los \u00faltimos 30 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>Las repercusiones internas y externas de la recesi\u00f3n del mercado de vivienda en Estados Unidos siguen siendo esenciales para nuestra proyecci\u00f3n global. Aparte de los posibles efectos directos de este excedente de inventarios en la inversi\u00f3n residencial y en la actividad de la construcci\u00f3n, creemos que habr\u00e1 significativos efectos indirectos adicionales sobre la econom\u00eda, a trav\u00e9s de cierto debilitamiento en la propensi\u00f3n al gasto en Estados Unidos. Prevemos que el crecimiento estadounidense se desacelerar\u00e1 del 3,2% registrado en el 2006 a un 2,0% en el 2007. <\/p>\n<p>Esperamos que la Reserva Federal inicie una campa\u00f1a de flexibilizaci\u00f3n monetaria, a partir de marzo, con una reducci\u00f3n de un 0,25% de la tasa interbancaria federal. Y proyectamos otra reducci\u00f3n del 0,75% durante el resto del a\u00f1o, lo que da un total de un 1,00% de reducci\u00f3n en la tasa de pol\u00edtica monetaria en el 2007. <\/p>\n<p>El crecimiento bajo la tendencia en Estados Unidos y una tasa de desempleo m\u00e1s alta, junto con cierto retroceso de las presiones inflacionarias (esperamos que la inflaci\u00f3n baje a un 2,4% en el 2007, respecto del 3,3% observado en el 2006), entregan la base l\u00f3gica fundamental de esta proyecci\u00f3n. Hasta que dicha flexibilizaci\u00f3n no est\u00e9 totalmente incorporada en los contratos a futuro, creemos que los rendimientos de las notas del Tesoro de Estados Unidos a 10 a\u00f1os seguir\u00e1n teniendo soporte, lo que sugiere una curva de rendimiento invertida o plana continua. <\/p>\n<p>El panorama general sugiere que el 2007 marcar\u00e1 el peak del ciclo mundial de tasas de pol\u00edtica monetaria. El pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n debiera dar como resultado diferenciales a\u00fan m\u00e1s estrechos de tasas de inter\u00e9s entre las de Estados Unidos y las de otras econom\u00edas avanzadas, as\u00ed como diferenciales de crecimiento m\u00e1s ajustados, lo que tendr\u00e1 importantes consecuencias para el d\u00f3lar. Esperamos que la moneda estadounidense se deprecie a\u00fan m\u00e1s durante el 2007 y que contin\u00fae as\u00ed la tendencia establecida entre el 2002 y el 2004. <\/p>\n<p>Los indicadores estructurales fundamentales para el d\u00f3lar tambi\u00e9n siguen d\u00e9biles y con escasa variaci\u00f3n. El monto del d\u00e9ficit en cuenta corriente de Estados Unidos sigue insostenible, dado el aumento asociado a las posiciones de activos en d\u00f3lares por parte de inversionistas no residentes. Sin duda, los menores precios del petr\u00f3leo y el crecimiento m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil de la demanda estadounidense (respecto del resto del mundo) podr\u00edan resultar en ciertas mejoras parciales y temporales en el d\u00e9ficit de Estados Unidos durante el pr\u00f3ximo trimestre. Sin embargo, la ausencia -hasta ahora- de cualquier mejora en la competitividad de precios de Estados Unidos, debido a la intensidad de la competencia a nivel global, junto con la posibilidad de que la demanda desde el resto de la econom\u00eda mundial se debilite temporalmente a medida que el crecimiento en el pa\u00eds norteamericano se desacelera, hace improbable una mejora importante y duradera en la aritm\u00e9tica de la cuenta corriente estadounidense. <\/p>\n<p>Los riesgos en este escenario general son del tipo de un \u201caterrizaje duro\u201d. Lo m\u00e1s preocupante ser\u00eda un incremento en el riesgo de recesi\u00f3n mundial, respecto de nuestras proyecciones. Renacientes precios de la energ\u00eda o riesgos inflacionarios podr\u00edan ser una fuente de inestabilidad macroecon\u00f3mica. Una repentina disminuci\u00f3n de la liquidez en los mercados globales de capital o una ca\u00edda precipitada del d\u00f3lar tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan incrementar las primas de incertidumbre y el costo del capital, llevando a un fuerte descenso del gasto en inversi\u00f3n mundial y de la demanda agregada.<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<B><I>In 2007, global growth is likely to slow and Chile, as one of Latin America\u2019s most open economies, is exposed to this trend.<\/B><\/I><\/p>\n<p>In 2007, commodity prices and, therefore, Chile\u2019s export earnings should receive some support from a weakening of the U.S. dollar. In addition, Chile\u2019s strong macro policy environment and robust consumption and fiscal expansion should provide meaningful support to domestic growth. Nonetheless, the Chilean economy would not be immune if, as we anticipate, the global economy slows this year. <\/p>\n<p>We expect global growth to drop to 3.4% in 2007, down from 4.5% in 2006, with a shift in the composition of growth away from the U.S. and away from consumer spending. If we are right, this outcome will break the four-year run of above-trend growth that the world economy experienced over 2002-2006, incidentally the strongest four-year span of global growth for at least 30 years.<\/p>\n<p>The domestic and global fallout from the U.S. housing market recession remains pivotal to our global forecast. Aside from the likely direct effects of this inventory overhang on residential investment and construction activity, we believe there will be significant additional indirect effects on the economy via some weakening in the spending propensity of U.S. consumers. We forecast U.S. growth to slow from 3.2% in 2006 to 2.0% in 2007. <\/p>\n<p>We expect the Fed to initiate a campaign of monetary easing from March with a 0.25% reduction in the Fed funds target rate. And we are forecasting a further 0.75% of easing over the remainder of the year, yielding a total of 1.00% of policy-rate reductions in 2007. <\/p>\n<p>Sub-trend U.S. growth and a higher unemployment rate, along with some associated ebbing of inflationary pressures (we look for inflation to fall to 2.4% in 2007, from 3.3% in 2006), provide the principal rationale for this forecast. To the extent that such easing is not fully discounted in the forward curve, we believe that 10-year Treasury yields will remain supported, suggesting a continued flat or inverted yield curve. <\/p>\n<p>The overall picture suggests that 2007 will mark the peak in the global policy-rate cycle. Next year should also result in even narrower interest differentials between the U.S. and other advanced economies, as well as narrower growth differentials, with important consequences for the U.S. dollar. We expect the U.S. dollar to depreciate further during 2007, continuing the trend established between 2002 and 2004. <\/p>\n<p>The structural fundamentals for the dollar also remain fragile, and little changed. The size of the U.S. current account deficit remains unsustainable, given the associated rise in U.S. dollar asset holdings by non-residents. To be sure, lower oil prices and weaker U.S. demand growth (relative to the rest of the world) may render some partial and temporary improvement in the U.S. deficit over the quarters immediately ahead. But the absence of any improvement in U.S. price competitiveness so far, owing to the intensity of global competition combined with the likelihood that demand from the rest of the world economy will temporarily weaken as U.S. growth slows, makes a meaningful and lasting improvement in the U.S. current account arithmetic unlikely. <\/p>\n<p>Risks to this overall scenario are of the \u2018hard landing\u2019 variety. Most worrisome would be a rise in global recession risk, relative to our forecasts. Resurgent energy prices or inflation risks could be one source of macroeconomic instability. A sudden withdrawal of liquidity in global capital markets or a precipitous dollar decline could also increase uncertainty premiums and the cost of capital, leading to a slump in global investment spending and aggregate demand.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->En el 2007, es probable que el crecimiento mundial se desacelere y Chile, como una de las econom\u00edas m\u00e1s abiertas de Latinoam\u00e9rica, est\u00e1 expuesto a esta tendencia.<!--:--><!--:en-->In 2007, global growth is likely to slow and Chile, as one of Latin America\u2019s most open economies, is exposed to this trend.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3769","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un Mundo DesaceleradoA Slowing World - 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