{"id":3733,"date":"2006-11-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-11-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-29T16:32:24","modified_gmt":"2015-01-29T19:32:24","slug":"gastar-y-ahorrar-sabiamente","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/gastar-y-ahorrar-sabiamente\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Gastar y Ahorrar Sabiamente<!--:--><!--:en-->Spending and Saving Wisely<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<B><I>Gracias a los precios del cobre, las arcas del gobierno est\u00e1n rebosantes de ingresos r\u00e9cord, pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 es lo que pretende hacer con el dinero?<\/B><\/I><\/p>\n<p>El pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o, seg\u00fan el presupuesto presentado al Congreso, el gasto fiscal subir\u00e1 un 8,9% en t\u00e9rminos reales, el mayor incremento anual desde 1991. Pero, pese a esto, el gobierno a\u00fan espera lograr un super\u00e1vit del 4,4% del PIB -o de unos USD 6.700 millones- y las posibilidades son que, de hecho, quede con mucho m\u00e1s efectivo en caja.<\/p>\n<p>Ello se debe principalmente al cobre, la mayor exportaci\u00f3n de Chile, cuyo precio se ha disparado de un promedio de USD 1,67\/lb el a\u00f1o pasado a casi USD 4\/lb a comienzos de este a\u00f1o y que, a fines de octubre, estaba justo bajo los USD 3,40\/lb. S\u00f3lo en los primeros nueve meses de este a\u00f1o, la empresa cupr\u00edfera estatal Codelco registr\u00f3 ganancias por m\u00e1s de USD 7.200 millones, lo que se compara con los USD 4.900 millones de todo el a\u00f1o pasado y con los USD 3.300 millones del 2004.<\/p>\n<p>De hecho, seg\u00fan la Direcci\u00f3n de Presupuestos (DIPRES), el ingreso fiscal obtenido a partir de Codelco en el tercer trimestre subi\u00f3 un 136% respecto de igual per\u00edodo del 2005, mientras que los impuestos pagados por las mineras privadas se incrementaron un 233%. En otras palabras, s\u00f3lo en esos tres meses, el gobierno gan\u00f3 el equivalente al 2,5% del PIB anual, a partir de las exportaciones de cobre del pa\u00eds y, producto de ello, obtuvo un super\u00e1vit presupuestario en los primeros nueve meses del a\u00f1o equivalente al 6,5% del PIB, o unos USD 9.000 millones.<\/p>\n<p>Dado que la oferta del metal rojo sigue contra\u00edda a nivel internacional, es posible que esa tendencia contin\u00fae el pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Es cierto, el Ministerio de Hacienda proyecta que el precio promedio anual del cobre caer\u00e1 a USD 2,05\/lb, pero la estimaci\u00f3n del Banco Central es de USD 2,75\/lb, m\u00e1s acorde con los pron\u00f3sticos de los analistas del mercado.<\/p>\n<p>En lo que respecta al gasto, el gobierno tiene sus prioridades bastante claras. Seg\u00fan el ministro de Hacienda, Andr\u00e9s Velasco, \u00e9stas se centran en las cuatro transformaciones que deline\u00f3 la Presidenta Michelle Bachelet, para su per\u00edodo de cuatro a\u00f1os, en la cuenta p\u00fablica a la naci\u00f3n del 21 de mayo; en otras palabras: mejoras en la calidad de la educaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, reforma del sistema de pensiones, la promoci\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n y la mejor calidad de vida en las ciudades y pueblos de Chile, lo que incluye est\u00e1ndares m\u00e1s altos para las viviendas sociales. <\/p>\n<p>En el 2007, el gasto fiscal en educaci\u00f3n se elevar\u00e1 en un 10,6% real y parte importante de dicho aumento se destinar\u00e1 a la educaci\u00f3n preescolar, con m\u00e1s de USD 90 millones para crear 25.000 nuevos cupos en las salas cunas y jardines infantiles. El gobierno espera que eso ayude a dar a los ni\u00f1os de menores recursos un mejor inicio educacional, adem\u00e1s de permitir a sus madres incrementar el ingreso familiar gracias a que podr\u00e1n salir a trabajar. <\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, quiz\u00e1s la iniciativa educacional a nivel individual m\u00e1s importante que ha anunciado hasta ahora el gobierno es la propuesta introducci\u00f3n de un subsidio especial para escuelas primarias que reciban a ni\u00f1os de las familias m\u00e1s pobres del pa\u00eds. Este plan -que a\u00fan se encuentra en el Congreso, aunque el gobierno espera que comience a funcionar antes de fines del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o- se introducir\u00eda gradualmente, comenzando con las salas cunas hasta 4\u00ba b\u00e1sico, antes de ampliarse a 8\u00ba b\u00e1sico, para cuando tendr\u00e1 un costo estimado de USD 300 millones anualmente.<\/p>\n<p>El presupuesto del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n contempla un alza del 18,2% -descrita por la DIPRES como \u201chist\u00f3rica\u201d- equivalente a otros USD 115 millones para programas de viviendas sociales. Y, aunque el gobierno a\u00fan debe anunciar los detalles de su prevista reforma de pensiones -y \u00e9sta probablemente no entrar\u00e1 en vigencia el pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o-, el presupuesto incluye un 12,1% adicional para las pensiones estatales disponibles para la gente mayor, que carecen de otra fuente de ingresos. <\/p>\n<p>En cuanto a la innovaci\u00f3n, el Fondo de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Competitividad, creado el a\u00f1o pasado, recibir\u00e1 cerca de USD 95 millones mientras que otros USD 160 millones para investigaci\u00f3n y desarrollo se canalizar\u00e1n a trav\u00e9s de la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (CONICYT), que ver\u00e1 un aumento de su presupuesto en un 34,3%.<\/p>\n<p><B><font color=\"#FF9900\">Actuar Seg\u00fan las Reglas<\/font><\/B><\/p>\n<p>\u201cEl presupuesto del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o es m\u00e1s expansivo [que el de este a\u00f1o], pero no indebidamente\u201d, dice el ministro Velasco. \u201cEs perfectamente compatible con la estabilidad macroecon\u00f3mica\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Pero \u00bfno es el incremento excesivo cuando el gobierno proyecta un crecimiento del PIB del 5,7% el pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o y la mayor\u00eda de las proyecciones privadas sugieren una expansi\u00f3n de s\u00f3lo un 5,3%? No es as\u00ed, replica Velasco. Con la actual cuenta corriente en super\u00e1vit y la inflaci\u00f3n dentro de la meta de un 2% a un 4% establecida por el Banco Central, no hay nada de malo en que el gasto fiscal aumente temporalmente por sobre el PIB, sostiene.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s a\u00fan, a\u00f1ade, el presupuesto es acorde con la norma de super\u00e1vit estructural introducida por el gobierno anterior. En virtud de esta norma, el gasto fiscal est\u00e1 limitado por un nivel que posibilita un super\u00e1vit equivalente a un 1% del PIB, si la econom\u00eda avanza de manera acorde con su potencial de crecimiento de mediano plazo y el precio internacional del cobre se cotiza a su promedio estimado por los pr\u00f3ximos 10 a\u00f1os. <\/p>\n<p>No siempre bien entendida, esta norma antic\u00edclica busca aislar a la econom\u00eda chilena de los shocks externos, reduciendo sus ca\u00eddas, pero tambi\u00e9n sus peaks de crecimiento. En la pr\u00e1ctica, esto permite al gobierno manejar un d\u00e9ficit en los a\u00f1os de menores ingresos, pero limita el est\u00edmulo fiscal cuando la econom\u00eda est\u00e1 en auge. <\/p>\n<p>Ello ayuda a explicar por qu\u00e9 este a\u00f1o, a pesar de los precios r\u00e9cord que ha registrado el cobre, Chile no lograr\u00e1 el crecimiento anual del 7% que fue su sello en los a\u00f1os noventa, aunque -seg\u00fan los cr\u00edticos- tampoco explica por qu\u00e9 el crecimiento probablemente caer\u00e1 bajo el 5%, frente al 6,3% del 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Cuando el gobierno asumi\u00f3 el mando de la naci\u00f3n en marzo, una preocupaci\u00f3n clave, especialmente entre las empresas, era que pudiera abandonar la regla fiscal, pero adhiri\u00f3 fuertemente a ella. Sin embargo, ahora se encuentra presionado para reducir el super\u00e1vit estructural a un 0% o, en otras palabras, para aumentar el gasto en unos USD 1.500 millones anualmente.<\/p>\n<p>Esa presi\u00f3n refleja no s\u00f3lo la inconformidad con el menor crecimiento de este a\u00f1o, sino que tambi\u00e9n los vastos ahorros que el gobierno est\u00e1 acumulando. El Fondo de Estabilizaci\u00f3n del Cobre, en que el gobierno coloca los ingresos extraordinarios del cobre, super\u00f3 los USD 3.000 millones en septiembre, lo que se compara con los USD 967 millones que registraba a fines del a\u00f1o pasado. <\/p>\n<p>Como resultado, en septiembre, el gobierno ten\u00eda USD 9.800 millones en activos financieros, principalmente en el extranjero, monto equivalente a cerca del 7% del PIB, mientras que la deuda del gobierno central alcanzaba s\u00f3lo el 5,4% del PIB, una disminuci\u00f3n frente al 7,5% de fines del a\u00f1o pasado. <\/p>\n<p><B><font color=\"#FF9900\">Plan de Ahorros<\/font><\/B><\/p>\n<p>Pero el gobierno tiene un plan para su nueva riqueza. En virtud de un proyecto aprobado por el Congreso en agosto -la denominada Ley de Responsabilidad Fiscal- emplear\u00e1 el super\u00e1vit de ingresos para crear dos nuevos fondos de inversi\u00f3n y para recapitalizar al Banco Central. <\/p>\n<p>Uno de estos fondos cubrir\u00e1 las futuras obligaciones de pensiones del Estado, tanto de las pensiones que paga a quienes no tienen ninguna otra fuente de ingresos como su obligaci\u00f3n, de ser necesario, de suplementar el nivel m\u00ednimo garantizado de las pensiones que pagan los fondos privados de pensiones. En virtud de esta ley, este Fondo de Garant\u00eda de Pensiones, que no se tocar\u00e1 en 10 a\u00f1os, recibir\u00e1 entre un 0,2% y un 0,5% del PIB.<\/p>\n<p>Al mismo tiempo, el gobierno recapitalizar\u00e1 al Banco Central por un monto equivalente a un 0,5% del PIB anual durante cinco a\u00f1os, el que se revisar\u00e1 despu\u00e9s de tres a\u00f1os. Sin embargo, esa cantidad s\u00f3lo se pagar\u00e1 si en realidad hay un super\u00e1vit al t\u00e9rmino de cada a\u00f1o, a diferencia del 0,2% garantizado para el Fondo de Garant\u00eda de Pensiones para el que, en el peor de los casos, tendr\u00e1 que solicitar cr\u00e9ditos.<\/p>\n<p>A junio, el Banco Central ten\u00eda un valor neto negativo equivalente cercano al 4% del PIB. Esto se atribuye principalmente al bajo nivel de capital del que estaba dotado al convertirse en aut\u00f3nomo en 1989 y al impacto de las reservas internacionales que acumul\u00f3 en los noventa, obteniendo menores intereses de lo que pagaba por los cr\u00e9ditos. <\/p>\n<p>En condiciones econ\u00f3micas normales, un Banco Central con capital negativo es una importante preocupaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica, pero, en una crisis, puede significar una merma de su credibilidad, reduciendo la efectividad de sus pol\u00edticas. Como destac\u00f3 el Banco Central en un reciente informe, la capitalizaci\u00f3n adecuada reduce el riesgo de que, enfrentado a una crisis financiera o de balanza de pagos, tenga que pedir pr\u00e9stamos al gobierno, comprometiendo as\u00ed su independencia, o bien que a fin de cumplir su rol de instituci\u00f3n de cr\u00e9dito de \u00faltimo recurso, deba emitir dinero. <\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, la parte m\u00e1s interesante del plan de ahorro del gobierno -al menos para los administradores de fondos- es el Fondo de Estabilizaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica y Social (FEES) en el que depositar\u00e1 los super\u00e1vits fiscales que superen el 1% del PIB. \u00c9ste absorber\u00e1 al actual Fondo de Estabilizaci\u00f3n del cobre, que se espera llegue a unos USD 5.000 millones en diciembre. <\/p>\n<p>Dise\u00f1ado para ayudar a financiar el gasto fiscal en a\u00f1os de menores ingresos, se espera que este fondo tenga normas de inversi\u00f3n similares a las que se aplican a los fondos privados de pensiones del pa\u00eds, aunque sin el l\u00edmite del 30% aplicado a las inversiones en activos en el extranjero. De hecho, al menos en un comienzo, probablemente se concentrar\u00e1 en inversiones en el exterior, ya que parte de su objetivo -adem\u00e1s de asegurar la norma de super\u00e1vit estructural- es resguardarse del excesivo fortalecimiento del peso frente a los altos precios del cobre. <\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan la DIPRES, el FEES no tendr\u00e1 que estar listo y operativo hasta septiembre del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. Sin embargo, el Ministerio de Hacienda se\u00f1ala que algunos de los bancos m\u00e1s importantes a nivel mundial ya han manifestado su inter\u00e9s por administrar los dos fondos nuevos, aunque tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan ser administrados por el Banco Central, con el cual el Ministerio de Hacienda ya est\u00e1 analizando distintas posibilidades.<\/p>\n<p>En tanto, pese a las diferencias de opini\u00f3n respecto del tama\u00f1o adecuado que debe tener el super\u00e1vit fiscal, el plan de ahorro cuenta con un amplio respaldo, y los pr\u00f3ximos gobiernos probablemente tendr\u00e1n una raz\u00f3n para estar agradecidos. Sin embargo, el desaf\u00edo para cualquier gobierno no se trata s\u00f3lo de ahorrar sabiamente, sino tambi\u00e9n de gastar con sabidur\u00eda y, mientras implementa el presupuesto del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o, la administraci\u00f3n de Bachelet tambi\u00e9n estar\u00e1 en la mira por ese aspecto de su pol\u00edtica fiscal.<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<B><I>Thanks to the price of copper, the government\u2019s coffers are brimming with record revenues, but what exactly is it planning to do with the money?<\/B><\/I><\/p>\n<p>Next year, according to the budget before Congress, fiscal spending will rise by 8.9% in real terms, the largest annual increase since 1991. But, despite this, the government still expects to run a surplus of 4.4% of GDP &#8211; or some US$6.7 billion &#8211; and chances are that it will, in fact, be left with much more cash in the till.   <\/p>\n<p>That is mostly thanks to copper, Chile\u2019s main export, the price of which has surged from an average of US$1.67\/lb last year to almost US$4\/lb earlier this year and, as of end-October, was running at just under US$3.40\/lb. In the first nine months of this year alone, the state copper company, Codelco, reported earnings of over US$7.2 billion as compared to US$4.9 billion in the whole of last year and US$3.3 billion in 2004.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, according to the Budget Office (DIPRES), fiscal revenue from Codelco in the third quarter was up by 136% over the same period last year while taxes paid by private mining companies rose by 233%. In other words, in those three months alone, the government earned the equivalent of 2.5% of annual GDP from the country\u2019s copper exports and, as a result, ran a budget surplus in the first nine months of the year of 6.5% of GDP, or some US$9 billion.<\/p>\n<p>With copper in tight international supply, that trend is likely to continue next year. True, the Finance Ministry is forecasting that the average annual copper price will drop to US$2.05\/lb but the Central Bank\u2019s projection is US$2.75\/lb, more closely in line with the forecasts of market analysts.<\/p>\n<p>As regards spending, the government has its priorities pretty clear. According to Finance Minister Andr\u00e9s Velasco, these center on the four transformations for its four-year term, outlined by President Michelle Bachelet in her state-of-the-nation message delivered on May 21 &#8211; in other words, improvements in the quality of state education, pension reform, the promotion of innovation, and better quality of life in Chile\u2019s cities and towns, including higher standards of state housing. <\/p>\n<p>In 2007, fiscal spending on education will rise by a real 10.6% and an important part of the increase will go to pre-schooling, with over US$90 million to create 25,000 new places in state nursery schools and childcare centers. That, the government hopes, will help give poor children a better educational start as well as allowing more poor mothers to boost their family\u2019s income by going out to work. <\/p>\n<p>However, perhaps the single most important educational initiative announced so far by the government is the proposed introduction of a special subsidy for elementary schools that receive children from the country\u2019s poorest families. This plan, which is still before Congress &#8211; although the government hopes it will be in operation before the end of next year &#8211; would be introduced gradually, starting with nursery through to 4th grade before expanding up to 8th grade when it will cost an estimated US$300 million annually.<\/p>\n<p>Next year\u2019s budget also envisages an increase of 18.2% &#8211; described by DIPRES as \u201chistoric\u201d &#8211; equivalent to an additional US$115 million for state housing programs. And, although the government has yet to announce the details of its planned pension reform &#8211; and this will probably not come into effect next year &#8211; the budget includes an extra 12.1% for the state pensions available to old people who have no other source of income. <\/p>\n<p>In the case of innovation, the Innovation for Competitiveness Fund created last year will receive some US$95 million while a further US$160 million for research and development will be channeled through the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), which will see its budget increase by 34.3%.     <\/p>\n<p><B><font color=\"#FF9900\">Playing by the Rule<\/font><\/B><\/p>\n<p>\u201cNext year\u2019s budget is more expansionary [than this year] but not unduly so,\u201d says Minister Velasco. \u201cIt\u2019s perfectly compatible with macroeconomic stability.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But isn\u2019t the increase excessive when the government is forecasting 5.7% GDP growth next year and most private projections suggest an expansion of only 5.3%? Not so, retorts Velasco. With the current account in surplus and inflation within the Central Bank\u2019s 2%-4% target, there is nothing wrong with fiscal spending temporarily increasing ahead of GDP, he says.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, he adds, the budget is in line with the structural surplus rule introduced by the previous government. Under this rule, fiscal spending is capped at a level that would give a surplus equivalent to 1% of GDP if the economy were expanding in line with its medium-term growth potential and the international price of copper were running at its forecast average for the next ten years. <\/p>\n<p>Not always well understood, this counter-cyclical rule seeks to insulate the Chilean economy from external shocks, reducing its troughs, but also its growth peaks. In practice, this allows the government to run a deficit in lean years but limits the fiscal stimulus when the economy is booming. <\/p>\n<p>That helps to explain why this year, despite record copper prices, Chile will not see the 7% annual growth that was its hallmark in the 1990s &#8211; although, according to critics, it doesn\u2019t explain why growth will probably slip to less than 5%, down from 6.3% in 2005.<\/p>\n<p>When the government took office in March, a key concern, especially among businesses, was that it might abandon the fiscal rule, but it has stuck to it firmly. However, it is now under pressure to reduce the structural surplus to 0% or, in other words, to increase its spending by some US$1.5 billion annually.<\/p>\n<p>That pressure reflects not only dissatisfaction with this year\u2019s slower growth, but also the vast savings the government is accumulating. The Copper Stabilization Fund, into which the government pays extraordinary income from copper, had reached almost US$3 billion by September, up from just US$967 million at the end of last year. <\/p>\n<p>As a result, by September, the government held US$9.8 billion in financial assets, mostly abroad. That was equivalent to approximately 7% of GDP while central government debt reached only 5.4% of GDP, down from 7.5% at the end of last year. <\/p>\n<p><B><font color=\"#FF9900\">Savings Plan<\/font><\/B><\/p>\n<p>But the government has a plan for its new-found riches. Under a bill approved by Congress in August &#8211; the so-called Fiscal Responsibility Law &#8211; it will use surplus revenue to create two new investment funds and to recapitalize the Central Bank. <\/p>\n<p>One of these funds will provide for the state\u2019s future pension liabilities, which take the form both of the pensions it pays to those with no other income source and its obligation, if necessary, to top up to a guaranteed minimum level the pensions paid by private pension funds. Under the new law, this Pension Reserve Fund, which will not be touched for ten years, will receive between 0.2% and 0.5% of GDP.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, the government will recapitalize the Central Bank up to an amount equivalent to 0.5% of annual GDP for five years, with a review after three years. However, this amount will only be paid if it actually has a surplus at the end of the year, unlike the 0.2% guaranteed to the Pension Reserve Fund for which it will, in the worst case, have to borrow.   <\/p>\n<p>As of June, the Central Bank had a negative net worth equivalent to around 4% of GDP. It attributes this mainly to the low level of capital with which it was endowed when it became autonomous in 1989 and to the impact of the international reserves that it accumulated in the 1990s, earning lower interest than it was paying on borrowing. <\/p>\n<p>In normal economic circumstances, a Central Bank with negative capital is a mostly academic concern but, in a crisis, can mean that its credibility is undermined, reducing the effectiveness of its policies. As the Central Bank pointed out in a recent report, adequate capitalization reduces the risk that, faced with a financial or balance of payments crisis, it would have to borrow from the government, thereby compromising its independence, or, in order to fulfill its role of lender of last resort, print money. <\/p>\n<p>However, the most interesting part of the government\u2019s savings plan &#8211; at least for fund administrators &#8211; is the Economic and Social Stabilization Fund (FEES) into which it will deposit fiscal surpluses in excess of 1% of GDP. This will absorb the existing Copper Stabilization Fund, which is expected to reach some US$5 billion by December. <\/p>\n<p>Designed to help finance fiscal spending in future lean years, this fund is expected to have investment portfolio rules similar to those applying to the country\u2019s private pension funds, although without their 30% cap on overseas assets. Indeed, at least initially, it will probably focus on investments abroad since part of its aim &#8211; as well as locking in the structural surplus rule &#8211; is to guard against excessive strengthening of the peso in the face of high copper prices. <\/p>\n<p>According to DIPRES, the FEES does not have to be up and working until September next year. However, the Finance Ministry reports that some of the world\u2019s leading banks have already expressed interest in managing the two new funds, although they could also be administered by the Central Bank with which the Finance Ministry is currently discussing different possibilities.    <\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, despite differences of opinion as to the proper size of the fiscal surplus, the savings plan has widespread support, and future governments will probably have reason to be grateful. But the challenge for any government is not only to save wisely but also to spend wisely and, as it implements next year\u2019s budget, the Bachelet administration will be under scrutiny on that aspect of its fiscal policy as well.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->Gracias a los precios del cobre, las arcas del gobierno est\u00e1n rebosantes de ingresos r\u00e9cord, pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 es lo que pretende hacer con el dinero? <\/p>\n<p>El pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o, seg\u00fan el presupuesto presentado al Congreso, el gasto fiscal subir\u00e1 un 8,9% en t\u00e9rminos reales, el mayor incremento anual desde 1991.<!--:--><!--:en-->Thanks to the price of copper, the government\u2019s coffers are brimming with record revenues, but what exactly is it planning to do with the money?<\/p>\n<p>Next year, according to the budget before Congress, fiscal spending will rise by 8.9% in real terms, the largest annual increase since 1991.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3733","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gastar y Ahorrar SabiamenteSpending and Saving Wisely - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/gastar-y-ahorrar-sabiamente\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gastar y Ahorrar SabiamenteSpending and Saving Wisely - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gracias a los precios del cobre, las arcas del gobierno est\u00e1n rebosantes de ingresos r\u00e9cord, pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 es lo que pretende hacer con el dinero?   El pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o, seg\u00fan el presupuesto presentado al Congreso, el gasto fiscal subir\u00e1 un 8,9% en t\u00e9rminos reales, el mayor incremento anual desde 1991.Thanks to the price of copper, the government\u2019s coffers are brimming with record revenues, but what exactly is it planning to do with the money?  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