{"id":3725,"date":"2006-10-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-10-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-01-29T17:40:35","modified_gmt":"2015-01-29T20:40:35","slug":"la-ronda-de-doha-vista-desde-adentro","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/la-ronda-de-doha-vista-desde-adentro\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->La Ronda de Doha Vista Desde Adentro<!--:--><!--:en-->Doha from the Inside<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<B><I>Durante un desayuno realizado para los socios de AmCham, Alejandro Jara, abogado chileno y ex embajador de ese pa\u00eds ante la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Comercio (OMC) -quien hoy es uno de los cuatro directores generales adjuntos de dicho organismo- dio a conocer el estado en el que se encuentran actualmente las negociaciones multilaterales de comercio de la Ronda de Doha.<\/B><\/I><\/p>\n<p>Y habl\u00f3 sin rodeos. La Ronda de Doha, que se inici\u00f3 en el 2001 y se suspendi\u00f3 definitivamente en Julio, \u201cfracas\u00f3\u201d. Si bien se consiguieron avances valiosos y los contactos informales contin\u00faan, es poco probable que el punto muerto en que se encuentran se supere en el corto plazo, reconoci\u00f3 Jara.<\/p>\n<p>Eso se debe, en parte, a que la Autoridad para la Promoci\u00f3n del Comercio, otorgada por el Congreso de Estados Unidos al Presidente Bush, termina a mediados del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o y con el fin de calificar dentro de este sistema -que implica que el Congreso puede aceptar o rechazar, pero no modificar un acuerdo comercial- la Ronda de Doha tendr\u00eda que llegar a una exitosa conclusi\u00f3n hacia Diciembre, una meta imposible. Y la posibilidad de que el Congreso de Estados Unidos pudiera modificar las condiciones de cualquier acuerdo hace que sea mucho m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil de lograr, a\u00f1adi\u00f3 Jara. <\/p>\n<p>El asunto, por cierto, es qu\u00e9 fall\u00f3. \u201cNo es falta de inter\u00e9s en un acuerdo de libre comercio\u201d, dijo Jara, \u201cporque en el mismo per\u00edodo, se han suscrito una serie de acuerdos bilaterales de comercio y avanzaron mucho m\u00e1s, en sus condiciones, de lo que lo hizo Doha\u201d.<br \/>\nHubo algunos incidentes desafortunados en el camino. La Quinta Conferencia Ministerial de la OMC, celebrada en Canc\u00fan, M\u00e9xico, en septiembre del 2003, que produjo resentimiento, no avance, fue organizada deficientemente, record\u00f3 Jara. Pero, indic\u00f3 en el desayuno, el problema clave es la agricultura. <\/p>\n<p>Aunque representa s\u00f3lo una peque\u00f1a fracci\u00f3n del comercio internacional, la agricultura es de importancia superior para los pa\u00edses en desarrollo, cuyas esperanzas de un mejor acceso a mercados de pa\u00edses ricos se han basado sobre la ronda de Doha. Tambi\u00e9n es el \u00e1rea de comercio en la que hay mayores distorsiones y se ha convertido en el \u2018Nudo Gordiano\u2019 de Doha. <\/p>\n<p>Estas distorsiones surgen tanto de los subsidios directos a las exportaciones como de los subsidios locales, algunos de los cuales se entregan en una forma indirecta como apoyo para investigaci\u00f3n y desarrollo. En cuanto a los subsidios para las exportaciones, el principal ofensor es la Uni\u00f3n Europea, aunque ha manifestado su voluntad para eliminarlos en el mediano plazo, pero el director general adjunto de la OMC fue claro en su visi\u00f3n de que la principal barrera para progresar en lo que respecta a la agricultura es Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLo que ha ofrecido Estados Unidos implicar\u00eda cierto cambio en su pol\u00edtica agr\u00edcola\u201d, reconoci\u00f3 Jara, \u201cpero no reducir\u00e1 efectivamente su gasto en esta \u00e1rea\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Cuando Estados Unidos manifest\u00f3, en Julio, que no mostrar\u00eda sus cartas sobre el apoyo a la agricultura sin conocer lo que los pa\u00edses en desarrollo estaban dispuestos a ofrecer, en t\u00e9rminos del acceso a sus mercados para los exportadores estadounidenses, termin\u00f3 de sepultar las negociaciones, indic\u00f3 Jara. Es imposible, reconoci\u00f3, que el gobierno de Estados Unidos acuda al Congreso con una propuesta para reducir los subsidios agr\u00edcolas sin tener algo significativo que mostrar a cambio.<\/p>\n<p>Chile siempre ha desempe\u00f1ado un papel constructivo en las negociaciones y es considerado como \u201cun amigo del sistema multilateral\u201d, destac\u00f3 Jara, instando a los empresarios chilenos a seguir respaldando la ronda de Doha. No obstante, a menos que el tema agr\u00edcola pueda resolverse, ser\u00e1 dif\u00edcil conseguir nuevos avances, insisti\u00f3. <\/p>\n<p>La alternativa, predijo, es una proliferaci\u00f3n de tratados de comercio bilateral. Ello hubiera ocurrido de todos modos, indic\u00f3, pero en ausencia de una conclusi\u00f3n exitosa de las negociaciones de Doha, es probable que se aceleren.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLa OMC no tiene nada en contra de ello\u201d, observ\u00f3. Sin embargo, argument\u00f3 que, aunque los acuerdos bilaterales son m\u00e1s baratos y r\u00e1pidos de negociar, no son la forma m\u00e1s eficiente de liberalizar el comercio internacional, porque las distorsiones se mantendr\u00e1n. Temas clave, incluidos no s\u00f3lo los subsidios agr\u00edcolas, sino tambi\u00e9n el uso de mecanismos antidumping -\u201cla forma m\u00e1s perversa de proteccionismo\u201d, seg\u00fan Jara-, s\u00f3lo pueden resolverse multilateralmente, argument\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>El desaf\u00edo ahora, si la Ronda de Doha ha de sobrevivir, es generar la voluntad pol\u00edtica para avanzar y limitar las expectativas, dijo Jara. \u201cDe otro modo, las negociaciones no van a ninguna parte\u201d, sostuvo. Y no es s\u00f3lo cuesti\u00f3n de tiempo, a\u00f1adi\u00f3 en respuesta a una pregunta de los asistentes. \u201cEl trabajo t\u00e9cnico est\u00e1 hecho; lo que necesitamos ahora es decisi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, liderazgo de las principales potencias del mundo y una medida de generosidad\u201d, concluy\u00f3.<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\n<B><I>Alejandro Jara, a Chilean lawyer and the country\u2019s former ambassador to the World Trade Organization (WTO), is now one of the WTO\u2019s four deputy directors-general. From that perspective, he was able to give AmCham members and their guests at a recent breakfast an inside view of prospects for the Doha round of multilateral trade talks.<\/B><\/I> <\/p>\n<p>And he made no bones about it. The Doha round, which started in 2001 and was suspended indefinitely in July, has \u201ccollapsed\u201d. Although valuable progress was achieved and informal contacts continue, the deadlock is unlikely to be broken in the short term, recognized Jara.<\/p>\n<p>That is partly because the Trade Promotion Authority, granted by the U.S. Congress to President Bush, expires in the middle of next year and in order to qualify under this system &#8211; which means that Congress can accept or reject, but not modify a trade agreement &#8211; the Doha round would have to reach a successful conclusion by December, an impossible goal. And the prospect that the U.S. Congress could modify the terms of any agreement makes it so much more difficult to achieve, added Jara. <\/p>\n<p>The question, of course, is what went wrong. \u201cIt\u2019s not lack of interest in free trade,\u201d said Jara, \u201cbecause in the same period, any number of bilateral free trade agreements have been signed\u2026and they go much further [in their terms] than Doha would.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There were some unfortunate incidents along the way. The Fifth WTO Ministerial Conference, held in Canc\u00fan, Mexico in September 2003, which produced acrimony, not progress, was poorly organized, recalled Jara. But the key problem, he told the breakfast, is agriculture. <\/p>\n<p>Although it represents only a small fraction of international trade, agriculture is of paramount importance for developing countries, whose hopes for improved market access to rich countries have been pinned on the Doha round. It is also the area of trade in which distortions are greatest, and has emerged as Doha\u2019s Gordian knot. <\/p>\n<p>The distortions arise both from direct export subsidies and domestic subsidies, some of which take an indirect form such as support for research and development. On export subsidies, the main offender is the European Union, although it has indicated its willingness to eliminate them in the medium term, but the WTO deputy director-general was clear in his view that the principal barrier to progress on agriculture is the United States.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat the United States has offered would mean some change in its agricultural policy,\u201d recognized Jara, \u201cbut it wouldn\u2019t effectively cut its spending in this area.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>When, in July, the United States indicated that it would not reveal its cards on agricultural support without knowing what developing countries were prepared to offer in terms of access to their markets for U.S. exporters, that was the last nail in the talks\u2019 coffin, reported Jara. It is impossible, he recognized, for the U.S. administration to go to Congress with a proposal to reduce agricultural subsidies without something significant to show in return.<\/p>\n<p>Chile has always played a constructive role in the talks and is regarded as \u201ca friend of the multilateral system,\u201d noted Jara, calling on Chilean businesspeople to continue to support the Doha round. But, unless the agricultural issue can be resolved, further progress will be difficult to achieve, he insisted. <\/p>\n<p>The alternative, he predicted, is a proliferation of bilateral trade agreements. That would have happened anyway, he said, but in the absence of a successful conclusion to the Doha talks, it is likely to accelerate.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe WTO has nothing against that,\u201d he observed. However, he argued that, although bilateral agreements are cheaper and faster to negotiate, they are not the most efficient way to liberalize international trade because distortions will persist. Key issues, including not only agricultural subsidies, but also the use of anti-dumping mechanisms &#8211; \u201cthe most perverse form of protectionism,\u201d according to Jara &#8211; can only be resolved multilaterally, he argued.  <\/p>\n<p>The challenge now, if the Doha round is to survive, is to generate the political will to advance and, said Jara, to limit expectations. \u201cOtherwise, the talks are going nowhere,\u201d he stated. And it is not, he added in answer to a question from the floor, just a matter of time. \u201cThe technical work is done; what we need now is political decision, leadership from the world\u2019s main powers, and a measure of generosity,\u201d he concluded.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->Durante un desayuno realizado para los socios de AmCham, Alejandro Jara, abogado chileno y ex embajador de ese pa\u00eds ante la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Comercio (OMC) -quien hoy es uno de los cuatro directores generales adjuntos de dicho organismo- dio a conocer el estado en el que se encuentran actualmente las negociaciones multilaterales de comercio de la Ronda de  Doha.<!--:--><!--:en-->Alejandro Jara, a Chilean lawyer and the country\u2019s former ambassador to the World Trade Organization (WTO), is now one of the WTO\u2019s four deputy directors-general. From that perspective, he was able to give AmCham members and their guests at a recent breakfast an inside view of prospects for the Doha round of multilateral trade talks.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3725","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Ronda de Doha Vista Desde AdentroDoha from the Inside - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-ronda-de-doha-vista-desde-adentro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Ronda de Doha Vista Desde AdentroDoha from the Inside - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Durante un desayuno realizado para los socios de AmCham, Alejandro Jara, abogado chileno y ex embajador de ese pa\u00eds ante la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Comercio (OMC) -quien hoy es uno de los cuatro directores generales adjuntos de dicho organismo- dio a conocer el estado en el que se encuentran actualmente las negociaciones multilaterales de comercio de la Ronda de Doha.Alejandro Jara, a Chilean lawyer and the country\u2019s former ambassador to the World Trade Organization (WTO), is now one of the WTO\u2019s four deputy directors-general. 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