{"id":3708,"date":"2006-09-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-09-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-02-02T09:17:37","modified_gmt":"2015-02-02T12:17:37","slug":"reforma-al-mercado-de-capitales","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/reforma-al-mercado-de-capitales\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Reforma al Mercado de Capitales<!--:--><!--:en-->Capital Markets Reform<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nFinalmente despu\u00e9s de mucho tiempo, parece haber llegado la prometida segunda etapa de una reforma al mercado de capitales de Chile, casi cinco a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de que la primera parte de la iniciativa entrara en vigencia. A mediados del mes de agosto, la  Comisi\u00f3n de  Hacienda del Senado acord\u00f3 un \u201cfast-track\u201d para la revisi\u00f3n de la ley- conocida como MK2- y el gobierno est\u00e1 optimista respecto de su pronta aprobaci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Esta es una reforma que AmCham considera particularmente importante para el crecimiento sostenido y la competitividad de Chile, y sobre la que present\u00f3 dos documentos t\u00e9cnicos al gobierno anterior. En esta entrevista, Luis Felipe C\u00e9spedes, director de las pol\u00edticas econ\u00f3micas y financieras del Ministerio de Hacienda- y la persona que est\u00e1 m\u00e1s involucrada en los avances del proyecto de ley- conversa con bUSiness Chile acerca de los avances que dicha ley proporcionar\u00e1, y los impactos que provocar\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Una de las razones de las demoras de la MK2 es que, con el pasar de los a\u00f1os, se le han a\u00f1adido o sacado diferentes iniciativas al proyecto; \u00bfqu\u00e9 es lo que cubre exactamente hoy en d\u00eda?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>En su forma actual, el proyecto se concentra en tres \u00e1reas: la primera es la que podemos llamar \u201cfinanciamiento de ideas nuevas\u201d o, en otras palabras, emprendimiento, innovaci\u00f3n, capital de riesgo, y peque\u00f1as y medianas empresas. La segunda es el tema de la seguridad de los mercados de capital de Chile, y la tercera es el desarrollo permanente de los mercados financieros del pa\u00eds. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Entonces, el prop\u00f3sito fundamental  es el de fomentar el crecimiento econ\u00f3mico&#8230;<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed, y eso queda muy claro en el financiamiento de ideas nuevas. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de mercados financieros es importante, pues estos tienen un papel fundamental en la asignaci\u00f3n de los recursos. Identifican los proyectos buenos y los financian, as\u00ed que, mientras m\u00e1s profundos sean, m\u00e1s s\u00f3lido ser\u00e1 el crecimiento. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">En el caso de los capitales de riesgo, \u00bfQu\u00e9 propone el proyecto de ley?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>El problema para los proyectos emergentes es que debido a su falta de antecedentes, no pueden acceder a los cr\u00e9ditos bancarios. Para remediar esto, el proyecto de ley busca fomentar el financiamiento privado desde los comienzos de una iniciativa, cuando los sustentadores tienden a ser los miembros familiares o amigos, hasta las etapas posteriores del capital de riesgo como tal. Eso lo har\u00eda al ofrecer exenci\u00f3n del impuesto sobre las ganancias de capital. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Pero eso ser\u00eda para los  fondos de inversi\u00f3n; \u00bfc\u00f3mo  beneficiar\u00eda a los sustentadores en las primeras etapas?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>Una vez que un fondo de inversi\u00f3n que es \u201cp\u00fablico\u201d \u2013 por ejemplo, registrado en un regulador de mercado- adquiere participaci\u00f3n en una empresa emergente, todos los sustentadores anteriores tambi\u00e9n podr\u00e1n alegar una exenci\u00f3n del impuesto sobre sus ganancias de capital. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">La resistencia que las AFP presentan hacia las inversiones en capital de riesgo tambi\u00e9n es un problema&#8230;<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ellas pueden, y habitualmente invierten dentro de las restricciones impuestas por la naturaleza de su negocio. El gobierno ha decidido no incluir este asunto en particular en la MK2, sino que considerarlo como parte de la reforma del sistema de pensiones privado que se est\u00e1 planificando. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Y, \u00bf qu\u00e9 me dice del rol de la Corporaci\u00f3n de Fomento de la Producci\u00f3n(CORFO)  en el mercado de capitales de riesgo?<\/font><\/b>  <\/p>\n<p>Le estamos pidiendo al Congreso que autorice a la CORFO para que tome hasta un 40% de participaci\u00f3n en los fondos de inversi\u00f3n, para, de ese modo, contribuir a la igualdad en los proyectos nuevos. Esto ser\u00eda adem\u00e1s de los otros programas que la CORFO ya est\u00e1 llevando a cabo. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Se han criticado  las restricciones que la MK2 impondr\u00eda en los fondos de inversi\u00f3n, al requerirles que diversificaran su portafolio de bienes dentro de un per\u00edodo relativamente corto.<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>La idea de las condiciones para demandar la exenci\u00f3n del impuesto sobre las ganancias de capital refleja la naturaleza del capital de riesgo, y la diversificaci\u00f3n de los riesgos es una parte importante de este negocio.  <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Los extranjeros que participan en estos fondos  de inversi\u00f3n, \u00bftambi\u00e9n ser\u00e1n  exentos del impuesto sobre las ganancias de capital?<\/font><\/b>  <\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed, las condiciones son exactamente las mismas que tienen los participantes locales. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las medidas principales en la MK2 respecto de la seguridad de los capitales de mercado de Chile?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>El prop\u00f3sito principal es el de asegurar la seguridad de las transacciones, y el proyecto de ley expandir\u00e1 el rango de documentos que deben ser entregados al Dep\u00f3sito Central de Valores (DCV). Asimismo, propone incrementar los requisitos t\u00e9cnicos que se requieren para funcionar como corredor de la bolsa.<\/p>\n<p>Por otra parte, incrementar\u00e1 los poderes de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (SVS) para intervenir, por ejemplo, en el caso de que una compa\u00f1\u00eda muestre signos de debilidad financiera, y para compartir informaci\u00f3n con otros reguladores del mercado financiero como la Superintendencia de Bancos.                                <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Y, \u00bf Qu\u00e9 se incluye en la tercera \u00e1rea a la que se dirige la MK2- desarrollo del mercado financiero?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Hay varias medidas distintas en esta categor\u00eda, pero principalmente, le permitir\u00e1 a los bancos considerar las reservas para los dep\u00f3sitos a la vista que tienen que mantener en el Banco Central como capital. Tambi\u00e9n, permitir\u00e1 alinear la legislaci\u00f3n chilena conforme al Nuevo Acuerdo Est\u00e1ndares de Capitales, conocido como Basilea II, que incrementar\u00eda la capacidad de pr\u00e9stamo de los bancos, al liberar una cantidad importante de recursos desde las reservas. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">La ley tambi\u00e9n busca reactivar el cambio internacional del peso\u2026<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Esta es una parte importante para nuestro amplio plan Chile Compite y existen medidas en la MK2 que apuntan hacia all\u00e1. La idea es que los chilenos pudiesen pedir dinero prestado en pesos en el extranjero y que los extranjeros en Chile pidieran prestado dinero en pesos-  en otras palabras, una integraci\u00f3n mayor del mercado de deudas que funciona en pesos. La SVS por ejemplo, ya ha creado regulaciones que le permiten a las compa\u00f1\u00edas extranjeras poner bonos en pesos en Chile. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 deber\u00edan querer hacer eso las compa\u00f1\u00edas extranjeras?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bueno, a aquellas que tengan ingresos en pesos, las protege del riesgo del tipo de cambio, y a otras, les ofrece una oportunidad adicional de diversificar sus carteras de inversiones. Recuerden que Chile tiene una econom\u00eda muy estable y s\u00f3lida, y un riesgo pa\u00eds muy bajo.  Tambi\u00e9n, estamos considerando medidas para promover el desarrollo del mercado de derivados de Chile, que es algo clave para este tipo de integraci\u00f3n financiera amplia.    <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Bueno, mirando hacia el futuro, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el itinerario de la MK2?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>La Comisi\u00f3n de Haciendo del Senado ha comprometido a trabajar al m\u00e1ximo para despacharla hacia fines de Septiembre, luego tiene que ser presentada al Senado, y m\u00e1s adelante, a la C\u00e1mara Baja. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Entonces, \u00bfSer\u00e1 ley hacia fines de a\u00f1o?<\/font><\/b><br \/>\n\u2026<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nThe long-promised second stage of a reform of Chile\u2019s capital markets finally appears to have entered the home straight, almost five years after the first part of the initiative came into force. In mid-August, the Finance Committee of the Senate agreed to fast-track its review of the bill &#8211; familiarly known as MK2 &#8211; and the government is \u201coptimistic\u201d of its early approval. <\/p>\n<p>This is a reform that AmCham regards as particularly important for Chile\u2019s sustained growth and competitiveness and on which it presented two technical papers to the previous government. In this interview, Luis Felipe Cespedes, director of economic and financial policy at the Ministry of Finance &#8211; and the person most closely involved in the bill\u2019s progress &#8211; talks to bUSiness CHILE about its provisions and their impact.<\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">One of the reasons for the delays on MK2 is that, over the years, different initiatives have been added to the bill or taken out; what exactly does it cover now?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>In its present form, it focuses on three areas: the first is what we can term the \u2018financing of new ideas\u2019 or, in other words, entrepreneurship, innovation, venture capital, and small and mid-sized enterprises. The second is the issue of the security of Chile\u2019s capital markets, and the third is the ongoing development of the country\u2019s financial markets. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">So the underlying aim is to boost economic growth\u2026<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yes, that\u2019s very clear in the financing of new ideas. And the development of financial markets is important because they play a key role in the allocation of resources. They identify the good projects and finance them so the deeper they are, the stronger growth will be. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">In the case of venture capital, what does the bill propose?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>The problem for start-up projects is that, because of their lack of a track record, they can\u2019t usually access bank credit. To remedy this, the bill seeks to encourage private financing from the very early stages of an initiative, when the backers tend to be family members or friends, through to the later stages of venture capital as such. It would do this by offering exemption from capital gains tax.  <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">But that would be for investment funds; how would it benefit early-stage backers?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Once an investment fund that is \u201cpublic\u201d &#8211; i.e. registered with the market regulator &#8211; acquires a stake in a start-up, all its previous backers will also be able to claim exemption from tax on their capital gains. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">The reluctance of the AFPs to invest in venture capital is also an issue\u2026<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>They can and do invest within the restrictions imposed by the nature of their business. The government has decided not to include this particular issue in MK2 but to look at it as part of the planned reform of the private pension system.<\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">And what about the role of the government\u2019s Economic Development Agency (CORFO) in the venture capital market?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re asking Congress to authorize CORFO to take up to a 40% stake in investment funds, thereby contributing equity to new projects. This would be in addition to the other programs that CORFO already has in place. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">There\u2019s been some criticism of the restrictions that MK2 would impose on investment funds by requiring them to diversify their portfolio of assets within a relatively short period.<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>The idea of the conditions for claiming exemption from capital gains tax reflects the nature of venture capital, and risk diversification is an important part of the business.    <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Foreigners who participate in these investment funds will also be exempt from capital gains tax?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>Yes, the conditions are exactly the same as for local participants. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">What are the main measures in MK2 as regards the security of Chile\u2019s capital markets?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>The main aim is to ensure the security of transactions and the bill will widen the range of documents that must be held at the Central Securities Depositary Office (DCV). It also proposes increasing the technical qualifications required to operate as a stockbroker. <\/p>\n<p>In addition, it will increase the powers of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (SVS) to intervene, for example, if an insurance company shows signs of financial weakness and to share information with other financial market regulators such as the Superintendency of Banks. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">And what is included in the third area addressed by MK2 \u2013 financial market development?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>There are a number of different measures in this category but, principally, it would allow banks to consider the reserves for sight deposits that they have to hold at the Central Bank as capital. As well as bringing Chilean legislation in line with the new Basel II Capital Standards, that would increase their lending capacity by freeing an important quantity of resources from reserves. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">The bill also seeks to kick start international trading of the peso\u2026<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s an important part of our broader Chile Compite (Chile Competes) plan and there are measures in MK2 that point in this direction. The idea is that Chileans should be able to borrow abroad in pesos and foreigners borrow in pesos in Chile &#8211; in other words, increased integration of the debt markets that operate in pesos. The SVS has, for example, already issued regulation that allows foreign companies to place bonds in Chile in pesos.<\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">Why should foreign companies want to do that?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>Well, for those that have revenues in pesos, it provides protection against exchange rate risk and, for others, it offers an additional opportunity to diversify their investment portfolios. Remember that Chile has a very stable and solid economy and a very low country risk. We\u2019re also looking at measures to promote the development of Chile\u2019s derivatives market, which is key for this type of increased financial integration.  <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">So looking forward, what\u2019s the timetable for MK2?<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>The Senate Finance Committee has undertaken to do its best to dispatch it by the end of September, then it has to go to the Senate itself and back to the Lower House. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#000000\">So it\u2019ll be law by the end of the year?<\/font><\/b><br \/>\n\u2026<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->Finalmente despu\u00e9s de mucho tiempo, parece haber llegado la prometida segunda etapa de una reforma al mercado de capitales de Chile.<!--:--><!--:en-->The long-promised second stage of a reform of Chile\u2019s capital markets finally appears to have entered the home straight.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3708","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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