{"id":3699,"date":"2006-08-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-08-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-02-02T09:16:48","modified_gmt":"2015-02-02T12:16:48","slug":"el-nuevo-centro-internacional-de-arbitraje-chileno","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/el-nuevo-centro-internacional-de-arbitraje-chileno\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->El Nuevo Centro Internacional de Arbitraje Chileno<!--:--><!--:en-->Chile\u2019s New International Arbitration Center<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nLa Inauguraci\u00f3n de un Centro de Arbitraje Internacional durante el mes de julio, del cual AmCham es socia, posiciona a Chile como una plataforma atractiva para la soluci\u00f3n de  conflictos comerciales internacionales. <\/p>\n<p>AmCham Chile, junto a otras 22 C\u00e1maras de Comercio Bi-Nacionales, se ha asociado con la C\u00e1mara de Comercio de Santiago (CCS) para establecer un Centro de Arbitraje Internacional \u00fanico en Chile cuya tarea es resolver disputas comerciales internacionales. Esta importante iniciativa aparece como una acci\u00f3n l\u00f3gica luego de la promulgaci\u00f3n de la Ley de Arbitraje Internacional (N\u00ba 19.971) en septiembre del 2004. <\/p>\n<p>Esta iniciativa fue posible gracias a que, en la actualidad, las reglas de arbitraje internacional chilenas se basan en est\u00e1ndares reconocidos internacionalmente, de acuerdo con la Ley Modelo de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional de la Comisi\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional   (CNUDMI). Como resultado, Chile puede ofrecer una plataforma atractiva para la resoluci\u00f3n de disputas comerciales internacionales. <\/p>\n<p>La fundaci\u00f3n del Centro de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional concuerda con la antigua tradici\u00f3n chilena de unirse al cada vez m\u00e1s complejo y competitivo mundo globalizado. El t\u00e9rmino \u201cglobalizaci\u00f3n\u201d se ha vuelto sin\u00f3nimo de una fuerza din\u00e1mica, impulsada por los software computacionales, y la creaci\u00f3n de una red de fibra \u00f3ptica global, y \u2013 como dice Thomas L Friedman en su libro \u201cLa Tierra es Plana\u201d- nos ha convertido a todos en \u201cel vecino de al lado\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Las fronteras tradicionales de los pa\u00edses  est\u00e1n desapareciendo, y la capacidad de competir internacionalmente en el panorama mundial se vuelto un asunto de suma importancia para aquellos pa\u00edses que buscan surgir como econom\u00edas desarrolladas. Es en este contexto que Chile ha hecho un compromiso estrat\u00e9gico con el comercio internacional, convirti\u00e9ndolo en su fuente principal de crecimiento y desarrollo. <\/p>\n<p>En vez de volcarse a su peque\u00f1o mercado local, hace mucho que Chile decidi\u00f3 abrirse a competir agresivamente en los mercados internacionales. Es muy bien sabido que primero, baj\u00f3 unilateralmente los aranceles en las importaciones, y que luego, firm\u00f3 tratados de libre comercio con Canad\u00e1 en 1996, con M\u00e9xico en 1998, con la Uni\u00f3n Europea en el 2002, y con Corea del Sur y los EE.UU en el 2003.  <\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, Chile ha ratificado tratados de promoci\u00f3n y  protecci\u00f3n de inversiones con 38 pa\u00edses: 19 pa\u00edses europeos, 5 de Asia-Pac\u00edfico, y 14  pa\u00edses americanos. Como consecuencia, la creciente complejidad de los negocios transfronterizos ha hecho necesario que las disputas comerciales se resuelvan m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, con un bajo costo, y por \u00e1rbitros especializados\u2026 en otras palabras: eficientemente.<\/p>\n<p>El arbitraje internacional es la respuesta legal a la globalizaci\u00f3n, un fen\u00f3meno que no conoce fronteras, involucra partes pertenecientes a diferentes estados, y donde los conflictos ya no pueden ser resueltos con eficiencia por las organizaciones judiciales de solo uno de estos estados. En resumidas cuentas, Chile se ha sumergido de cabeza en este mercado global, y la creaci\u00f3n de este nuevo Centro de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional es un gran paso.  <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#855E42\">Nueva Tendencia en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>El Centro se basa en tres pilares fundamentales:<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tLa vasta experiencia del Centro de Arbitraje y Mediaci\u00f3n de Santiago (CAM), creado por la CCS en 1992, as\u00ed como la del Centro de Arbitraje Internacional de AmCham, creado hace 5 a\u00f1os, y que hoy se fusiona con el CAM.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tLa presencia de C\u00e1maras de Comercio Bi-Nacionales que promover\u00e1n activamente este nuevo centro con sus empresas miembro. Veintid\u00f3s C\u00e1maras de Comercio de Am\u00e9rica, la Uni\u00f3n Europea y Asia estar\u00e1n representadas en el directorio del Centro. El objetivo es informar eficazmente a los potenciales \u201cclientes\u201d del Centro sobre  los beneficios y las ventajas de seleccionar a Chile como el foro de resoluci\u00f3n de la disputa, al momento de dise\u00f1ar acuerdos comerciales. Adem\u00e1s, la participaci\u00f3n de C\u00e1maras de Comercio Bi-Nacionales le confiere al Centro una personalidad internacional que demuestra objetividad y confiabilidad. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tLa presencia del Colegio de Abogados y de los Centros Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile y de la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica. Esto pone al descubierto el intenso compromiso de poner a  disposici\u00f3n de la comunidad empresarial internacional los servicios del Centro, de manera transparente y econ\u00f3mica. <\/p>\n<p>Fuera de esto, Carlos Eugenio Jorquiera, presidente de la C\u00e1mara de Comercio de Santiago, ha explicitado una pol\u00edtica de \u201cpuertas abiertas\u201d en la composici\u00f3n del directorio, permiti\u00e9ndole incluir a representantes de importantes universidades y otras entidades. Esto le dar\u00e1 al Centro fuerza institucional y credibilidad, y lo  caracterizar\u00e1 por la inclusi\u00f3n de \u00e1rbitros especializados de diferentes nacionalidades, reglas de procedimiento claras y justas, y la publicaci\u00f3n de una tabla tarifaria predeterminada. <\/p>\n<p>Los fundamentos legales en los que se basa el Nuevo Centro de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional parecen ser s\u00f3lidos. El aceptar la importancia del  arbitraje ya no es algo exclusivo de los pa\u00edses desarrollados. Hoy en d\u00eda, existe una tendencia general en Am\u00e9rica Latina, por ejemplo, de favorecer el arbitraje comercial internacional en materias esenciales tales como la resoluci\u00f3n de controversias que surgen entre un inversionista extranjero y el pa\u00eds receptor de la inversi\u00f3n.  <\/p>\n<p>La tendencia es a restringir las jurisdicciones locales, preferentemente, para un m\u00e9todo de resoluci\u00f3n m\u00e1s flexible y \u201checho a la medida\u201d. Esto significa que las partes del acuerdo deben hacerse cargo de asuntos como las leyes a aplicar, el idioma y el lugar para el arbitraje. La nueva Ley de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional chilena nos integra al grupo de pa\u00edses que ya han adoptado la Ley de Arbitraje Internacional de la CNUDMI del a\u00f1o 1985 dentro de sus leyes internas. <\/p>\n<p>Hist\u00f3ricamente, Latinoam\u00e9rica ha tenido una actitud negativa frente al arbitraje internacional, basada en a Doctrina Calvo, que estipula que las disputas s\u00f3lo pueden resolverse en los tribunales nacionales. Adem\u00e1s, los procedimientos de arbitraje en las apelaciones contaban con un alto nivel de intervenci\u00f3n de los tribunales y, a menudo, los juzgados locales rechazaban los dict\u00e1menes. <\/p>\n<p>Algunos observadores indican que Latinoam\u00e9rica parece haber mejorado esa actitud hostil frente al arbitraje internacional. A pesar de que todav\u00eda no parece haber uniformidad en la regi\u00f3n respecto a esta materia, varios pa\u00edses, incluyendo a Brasil, Chile, M\u00e9xico y Paraguay, han adoptado la Ley Modelo de la CNUDMI. <\/p>\n<p>Otros, como Per\u00fa, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Venezuela, han adoptado leyes de arbitraje receptivas en distintos grados para la resoluci\u00f3n de conflictos a trav\u00e9s del arbitraje. La Doctrina Calvo no ha desaparecido por completo, pero se est\u00e1 debilitando frente a la necesidad que tienen muchos pa\u00edses receptores de mejorar su acceso a los recursos de inversi\u00f3n internacional a trav\u00e9s de la b\u00fasqueda de mecanismos eficientes para la soluci\u00f3n de conflictos como condici\u00f3n previa al momento del compromiso de inversi\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#855E42\">Principios fundamentales<\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p>Es sobre este escenario de leyes de arbitraje en evoluci\u00f3n, las cuales son todav\u00eda irregulares, que Chile ha adoptado una ley vanguardista que re\u00fane los siguientes principios:    <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tA pesar de que  s\u00f3lo cubre las transacciones comerciales internacionales, la definici\u00f3n de \u201ccomercial\u201d es muy amplia e incluye a cualquier transacci\u00f3n comercial de entrega o intercambio de bienes y servicios, acuerdos de distribuci\u00f3n , representaci\u00f3n o agencias comerciales, factoring, contrato de arriendo, creaci\u00f3n de trabajos, consultor\u00edas, ingenier\u00eda, derechos de  licencias, inversiones, financiamiento, actividades bancarias y seguros,  convenios o concesiones de explotaci\u00f3n, sociedades y otras formas de cooperaci\u00f3n industrial o empresarial, como el transporte de bienes o pasajeros ya sea por la v\u00eda a\u00e9rea, mar\u00edtima o terrestre (v\u00eda tren o camiones).<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tDe acuerdo con los principios territoriales, los procedimientos de arbitraje deben llevarse a cabo en Chile. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tUna amplia gama de reglas de arbitraje, que ser\u00e1n establecidas por las partes, les entrega flexibilidad para elegir leyes aplicables y reglas de procedimiento.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tLas partes tienen la libertad de elegir al Panel de Arbitraje (incluyendo el n\u00famero de \u00e1rbitros) y no se requiere que los \u00e1rbitros seas abogados. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tEl tribunal de arbitraje puede ser el ente regulador solo en su propia jurisdicci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tEl alcance de la revisi\u00f3n judicial est\u00e1 limitado a aquellos casos en que las partes no puedan ponerse de acuerdo para nombrar a los \u00e1rbitros, y donde un \u00e1rbitro espec\u00edfico sea criticado, se retire o es declarado incompetente. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tLas partes deben tener la capacidad de litigar de acuerdo a las reglas y las normas seleccionadas y acordadas por ambas para el arbitraje.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tSe puede tomar medidas interinas para proteger al asunto en disputa (a menos que lo contrario sea acordado por las partes)<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tLa \u00fanica manera en que se puede prescindir del arbitraje es a trav\u00e9s de su anulaci\u00f3n, y est\u00e1 limitada a las siguientes situaciones: a) Incapacidad de una de las partes; b) el acuerdo no es v\u00e1lido seg\u00fan la ley a la que las partes se han sujeto; c) la parte que hizo los reclamos no fue notificada apropiadamente sobre el nombramiento de un \u00e1rbitro o de la elecci\u00f3n de los procedimientos de arbitraje, o no pudo presentar su caso; d) el laudo debe lidiar con una disputa que no estaba contemplada o que no entra dentro de los t\u00e9rminos elegidos para el arbitraje, o contiene decisiones o asuntos que van m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del alcance al que el arbitraje se encuentra suscrito; e) la composici\u00f3n del Tribunal de Arbitraje o de los procedimientos de arbitraje no fue hecha de acuerdo a lo acordado por las partes, a menos que dicho acuerdo est\u00e9 en conflicto con la disposici\u00f3n de la ley de la cual las partes no pueden derogar o, de fracasar dicho acuerdo, no se ajustaba a la ley; f) el tribunal encuentra que el asunto en disputa  no es susceptible a ser acordado a trav\u00e9s del arbitraje bajo las leyes Chilenas, o que el laudo est\u00e1 en conflicto con las pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica de Chile. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00b7<\/b>\tCon respecto a la entrega de reconocimientos y cumplimiento de las resoluciones, las partes pueden elegir reglas de m\u00e1s de un sistema judicial internacional y esas reglas se cumplir\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>En un ambiente global donde se privilegia la eficacia y la seguridad judiciales, el nuevo Centro de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional proporciona una alternativa atractiva, responsable y veros\u00edmil para solucionar conflictos. Servir\u00e1 para atraer las inversiones internacionales, pues crea una atm\u00f3sfera de confianza al entregar una alternativa de soluci\u00f3n de disputas de bajo costo que llamar\u00e1 la atenci\u00f3n de los actores regionales al igual que la de medianas empresas que reci\u00e9n est\u00e1n entrando en el panorama como resultado del creciente n\u00famero de Tratados de Libre Comercio.<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nThe launch in July of an International Arbitration Center, in which AmCham is a partner, positions Chile as an attractive platform for the resolution of international commercial disputes. <\/p>\n<p>AmCham Chile, together with twenty-two Bi-National Chambers of Commerce, is teaming up with the Santiago Chamber of Commerce (CCS) to establish a unique International Arbitration Center in Chile for the resolution of international trade disputes. This important initiative represents a logical step that comes on the heels of Chile\u2019s new International Arbitration Law (N\u00ba 19.971) enacted in September 2004.  <\/p>\n<p>This initiative was possible because the rules of international arbitration in Chile are now based on internationally-recognized standards in line with the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). As a result, Chile is now able to offer an attractive platform for the resolution of international commercial disputes.  <\/p>\n<p>The establishment of the International Arbitration Center is consistent with Chile\u2019s long-standing tradition of embracing the increasingly complex and competitive globalized world. The term \u2018globalization\u2019 has become synonymous with a dynamic force, spurred on by computer software and the creation of a global fiber optics network, and &#8211; as Thomas L. Friedman says in his book \u2018The World is Flat\u2019 &#8211; it has made us all \u201cnext-door neighbors\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Traditional national borders are being struck down and the ability to compete internationally on the world stage has become a critical issue for countries seeking to emerge into developed economies. It is in this context that Chile has made its strategic commitment to international trade as the prime source of growth and development. <\/p>\n<p>Rather than look inwardly at its small domestic market, Chile decided early on to expand its focus and compete aggressively in international markets. It is well known that Chile first unilaterally lowered import tariffs and subsequently signed free trade agreements with Canada in 1996, with Mexico in 1998, with the European Union in 2002, and with South Korea and the U.S. in 2003. <\/p>\n<p>In addition, Chile has ratified investment promotion and protection agreements with 38 countries: 19 European countries, 5 countries from Asia-Pacific, and 14 from the Americas. As a result, the increasing complexity of cross-border business has made it necessary for trade disputes to be resolved more quickly, at lower costs, and by knowledgeable arbitrators\u2026in other words: efficiently.  <\/p>\n<p>International arbitration is the legal profession\u2019s response to globalization which knows no borders, involves parties from different states, and where disputes can no longer be efficiently resolved by the judicial organizations of one state alone. In a nutshell, Chile has dived into this global market headfirst and the creation of the new International Arbitration Center is a consistent step.   <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#855E42\">New trend in Latin America<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>The Center is built on three fundamental pillars:<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe vast experience of the Santiago Arbitration and Mediation Center (CAM), created by the CCS in 1992, as well as AmCham\u2019s five-year-old International Arbitration Center, which now effectively merges with CAM.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe presence of Bi-National Chambers of Commerce that will actively promote the new Center among their member companies. Twenty-two Chambers of Commerce from the Americas, the European Union and Asia will be represented on the Center\u2019s governing board of directors. The objective is to effectively communicate to the Center\u2019s potential \u2018clients\u2019 the benefits and advantages of selecting Chile as the forum for dispute resolution when drafting commercial agreements. In addition, the participation of Bi-National Chambers of Commerce confers on the Center an international personality that speaks of impartiality and reliability.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe presence of the Chilean Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados) and the International Centers of the University of Chile and the Catholic University. This brings to the table a fierce commitment to make the services of the Center available to the international business community in a manner that is transparent and cost-effective. <\/p>\n<p>In addition, Carlos Eugenio Jorquiera, president of the Santiago Chamber of Commerce, has expressed an \u2018open door\u2019 policy on the composition of the governing board, allowing it to include representatives of important universities and other entities. This will add institutional muscle and credibility to the International Arbitration Center, which will also be characterized by the inclusion of specialized arbitrators of different nationalities, clear and fair rules of procedure, and published fee schedules.   <\/p>\n<p>The legal foundation on which the new International Arbitration Center is built appears solid. Acceptance of binding arbitration is no longer the exclusive domain of developed countries. There is now a general tendency in Latin America, for example, to favor international commercial arbitration in essential matters such as the resolution of controversies arising between a foreign investor and the country receiving the investment. <\/p>\n<p>The trend is to restrict local jurisdiction in preference for a more flexible, \u2018tailored\u2019 method of resolution. This means leaving it to the parties of a commercial agreement to make the decision on issues that include the governing law, the language and the place of arbitration. Chile\u2019s new International Commercial Arbitration Law integrates it with the countries that have adopted the UNCITRAL International Arbitration Law of 1985 in their domestic legislation. <\/p>\n<p>Historically, Latin America has exhibited a negative attitude towards international arbitration based on the Calvo Doctrine, which stipulated that disputes could only be resolved by national courts. In addition, a high level of court intervention invaded arbitral proceedings on appeal, and arbitration awards were frequently denied by local courts. <\/p>\n<p>Observers indicate that Latin America seems to have made progress overcoming this traditional hostility towards international arbitration. While there does not appear to be uniformity within the region on the subject of arbitration, several countries have adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law including Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Paraguay. <\/p>\n<p>Others including Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela have adopted arbitration laws that are receptive in varying degrees to conflict resolution via arbitration. The Calvo Doctrine is not dead, but it is weakening in the face of a perceived need by many receptor countries to improve their access to international investment resources by seeking an efficient conflict resolution mechanism as a pre-condition for investor commitment. <\/p>\n<p><b><font color=\"#855E42\">Founding principles<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p>It is against this backdrop of evolving, but uneven, arbitration legislation that Chile has adopted a state-of-the-art law that embraces the following principles:<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tAlthough it only covers international commercial transactions, the definition of \u201ccommercial&#8221; is very broad and includes any trade transaction for the supply or exchange of goods or services, distribution agreements, commercial representation or agencies, factoring, leasing, the construction of works, consulting, engineering, licensing, investment, financing, banking and insurance, exploitation agreements or concessions, joint ventures and other forms of industrial or business cooperation, such as the transportation of goods or passengers by air, sea, rail or road.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tIn line with the territorial principle, the arbitration proceedings must take place in Chile.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tA broad choice of arbitration rules, to be established by the parties, allows them flexibility to pick applicable law and procedural rules.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe parties are free to choose the Arbitral Panel (including the number of arbitrators) and the arbitrator is not required to be a lawyer.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe Arbitral Tribunal can rule on its own jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe scope of judicial review is limited to cases in which the parties could not agree on the appointment of the arbitrators and in which a specific arbitrator is challenged, withdraws, or is deemed incompetent.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe parties have the ability to litigate according to rules and regulation that are selected and agreed upon by the parties to the arbitration.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tInterim measures can be awarded to protect the subject matter of the dispute (unless otherwise agreed by the parties).<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tThe only way in which arbitration can be set aside is by annulment and this is limited to the following circumstances: a) incapacity of one of the parties; b) the agreement is not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it; c) the party making the application was not given proper notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedings or was otherwise unable to present its case; d) the award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, or contains decisions or matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration; e) the composition of the Arbitral Tribunal or the arbitral procedure were not in accordance with the agreement by the parties, unless such agreement was in conflict with a provision of the law from which the parties cannot derogate or, failing such agreement, was not in accordance with the law; f) the court finds that the subject matter of the dispute is not susceptible to settlement by arbitration under Chilean law, or the award is in conflict with the public policy of Chile.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a7<\/b>\tAs regards the recognition and enforcement of awards, the parties are permitted to choose rules from more than one international judicial system and these rules will be enforced.<\/p>\n<p>In a global environment that privileges judicial efficiency and security, the new Chilean International Arbitration Center provides an attractive, dependable and credible alternative for the resolution of conflicts. It serves to encourage foreign investment because it helps to create an atmosphere of trust by providing a low-cost dispute resolution alternative that will be attractive to regional players as well as to small and medium-sized companies entering the international arena as a result of the growing number of Free Trade Agreements.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->La Inauguraci\u00f3n de un Centro de Arbitraje Internacional durante el mes de julio, del cual AmCham es socia, posiciona a Chile como una plataforma atractiva para la soluci\u00f3n de  conflictos comerciales internacionales.<!--:--><!--:en-->The launch in July of an International Arbitration Center, in which AmCham is a partner, positions Chile as an attractive platform for the resolution of international commercial disputes.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3699","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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