{"id":3624,"date":"2006-03-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-03-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-02-02T09:09:02","modified_gmt":"2015-02-02T12:09:02","slug":"la-importancia-de-china","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/la-importancia-de-china\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->La Importancia de China<!--:--><!--:en-->The Importance of China<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nAdelant\u00e1ndose a su visita a Chile el 30 de marzo, ocasi\u00f3n en que ser\u00e1 orador en un seminario de AmCham sobre inversi\u00f3n extranjera, Daniel H. Rosen, director de China Strategic Advisory, una consultora ubicada en Nueva York, convers\u00f3 con bUSiness CHILE sobre el mercado chino y los prospectos que hay ah\u00ed para las empresas chilenas. <\/p>\n<p><B>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se interes\u00f3 en China?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>Cuando a\u00fan era estudiante de la Universidad de Texas en la d\u00e9cada de los ochenta, comenc\u00e9 a ver cu\u00e1l iba a ser el pr\u00f3ximo gran acontecimiento. En ese entonces, los estadounidenses estaban preocupados por Jap\u00f3n y -en lo que respecta a relaciones internacionales- por Rusia, pero China parec\u00eda m\u00e1s din\u00e1mica y abierta que Jap\u00f3n; comenc\u00e9 as\u00ed a estudiar el idioma en un momento en que muy pocas personas pensaban que China iba a estar en las grandes ligas tan r\u00e1pido como para garantizar su inter\u00e9s. <\/p>\n<p><B>\u00bfCu\u00e1n importante ser\u00e1 la demanda china para las industrias de recursos naturales de Latinoam\u00e9rica?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>Me referir\u00e9 a Chile con m\u00e1s detalle en el seminario de AmCham, pero -en t\u00e9rminos generales- se debe distinguir entre elementos c\u00edclicos y estructurales de la demanda china. Este \u00faltimo refleja la creciente demanda de los consumidores as\u00ed como la urbanizaci\u00f3n, pero -dentro de eso- la demanda c\u00edclica a veces puede ser desalentadora. Las ineficiencias del sector financiero chino implican que los ciclos de inversi\u00f3n del pa\u00eds -y, por lo tanto, su demanda de materias primas- son vol\u00e1tiles. En Brasil, por ejemplo, hab\u00eda mucha ansiedad por la demanda china de mineral de hierro, pero eso ya pas\u00f3. <\/p>\n<p><B>Con el tratado de libre de comercio entre Chile y China, \u00bfd\u00f3nde est\u00e1n las oportunidades para las exportaciones chilenas?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>La demanda china no s\u00f3lo tiene que ver con commodities duros como los metales. China tambi\u00e9n requiere energ\u00eda y, por lo tanto, tiene sentido para el pa\u00eds asi\u00e1tico importar productos procesados para cuya elaboraci\u00f3n ya se ha gastado energ\u00eda. <\/p>\n<p>La agricultura tambi\u00e9n es un tema importante y es necesario que Chile tenga cuidado con la idea de la agricultura china como un albatros. Tiene muchas \u00e1reas agr\u00edcolas que requieren de harta mano de obra -manzanas, tomates, acuicultura, por ejemplo- que muy r\u00e1pidamente se est\u00e1n volviendo competitivas a nivel internacional. <\/p>\n<p><B>\u00bfRequieren los exportadores grandes vol\u00famenes para penetrar el mercado chino?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>China no es en realidad monol\u00edtica; no hay un solo comprador, ni siquiera diez grandes compradores. De hecho, el mercado est\u00e1 muy atomizado. Por ejemplo, las empresas en Shanghai y Beijing tienden a tener distintos proveedores.  <\/p>\n<p><B>Existe la idea de que las pr\u00e1cticas laborales de China hacen que sus productos sean injustamente competitivos&#8230;<\/B><\/p>\n<p>Bueno, no hay como escapar al hecho de que la mano de obra china tiene un bajo costo, pero hay pa\u00edses de Asia donde es m\u00e1s barata, es m\u00e1s, los costos de mano de obra en China han estado aumentando de manera bastante s\u00f3lida, especialmente en los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os. Es dif\u00edcil sostener que las pr\u00e1cticas laborales chinas son inherentemente injustas. Sin embargo, en lo que respecta a productos que s\u00f3lo requieren mucha mano de obra y que no necesitan demasiada tecnolog\u00eda o capital, va a ser dif\u00edcil mantener una posici\u00f3n en contra de las importaciones chinas.  <\/p>\n<p><B>Despu\u00e9s de la cumbre de la APEC, celebrada en Chile el 2004, tambi\u00e9n se habl\u00f3 mucho sobre la inversi\u00f3n china en Latinoam\u00e9rica&#8230;<\/B><\/p>\n<p>Cuando las empresas chinas observan subcapacidad, se apresuran a negociar memorandos de entendimiento y as\u00ed, pero luego pierden el miedo y muchos de estos memorandos no prosperan. En otras palabras, Latinoam\u00e9rica necesita un poco de paciencia con el fin de estar preparada para las desilusiones. No obstante, el cuento a largo plazo es que la l\u00f3gica que utiliza China para respaldar importantes inversiones extranjeras directas tiene sentido.<!--:--><!--:en--><br \/>\n<!--break--><br \/>\nAhead of a visit to Chile when, on March 30, he will speak at an AmCham seminar on foreign investment, Daniel H. Rosen, principal of China Strategic Advisory, a New York-based consultancy firm, talked to bUSiness CHILE about the Chinese market and the prospects there for Chilean firms. <\/p>\n<p><B>How did you get interested in China?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>When I was an undergraduate at the University of Texas in the 1980s, I started looking for the next big thing to happen. Americans were then preoccupied with Japan and, as regards international affairs, with Russia, but China seemed to me more dynamic and open than Japan, and I started learning the language at a time when few people thought China was going to make the big league fast enough to warrant their interest. <\/p>\n<p><B>How important is Chinese demand going to be for Latin America\u2019s natural resource industries?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll be talking about Chile in more depth at the AmCham seminar but, in general, you have to distinguish between the cyclical and structural elements in Chinese demand. The latter reflects growing consumer demand and urbanization but, within that, cyclical demand may at times prove disheartening. The inefficiencies of China\u2019s financial sector mean that the country\u2019s investment cycles &#8211; and, therefore, its demand for raw materials &#8211; are volatile. In Brazil, for example, there was a lot of excitement about Chinese demand for iron ore, but that\u2019s now pulled back.<\/p>\n<p><B>With Chile\u2019s trade agreement with China, where are the opportunities for Chilean exports?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>Chinese demand is not only about hard commodities like metals. China also needs energy and, therefore, it makes sense for it to import processed products into which the energy has already been incorporated. <\/p>\n<p>Agriculture is also an important issue, and Chile needs to beware of the idea of Chinese agriculture as an albatross. It has lots of labor-intensive agriculture &#8211; apples, tomatoes, aquaculture, for example &#8211; that is becoming internationally competitive very fast. <\/p>\n<p><B>Do exporters need large volumes to penetrate the Chinese market?<\/B><\/p>\n<p>China isn\u2019t really monolithic; there\u2019s not a single buyer, nor even ten large buyers. In fact, the market is very atomized. For instance, companies in Shanghai and Beijing tend to have different suppliers.  <\/p>\n<p><B>There\u2019s an idea that China\u2019s labor practices make its products unfairly competitive&#8230;<\/B><\/p>\n<p>Well, there\u2019s no getting away from the fact of low-cost Chinese labor, but there are countries in Asia where it\u2019s cheaper and, in fact, labor costs in China have been growing fairly robustly, especially over the last five years. It\u2019s difficult to make a case that Chinese labor practices are inherently unfair. Nonetheless, for products that are just labor-intensive and don\u2019t need much technology or capital, it\u2019s going to be tough to maintain a position against Chinese imports.  <\/p>\n<p><B>After the 2004 APEC summit in Chile, there was also a lot of talk about Chinese investment in Latin America&#8230;<\/B><\/p>\n<p>When Chinese firms see under-capacity, they rush out to negotiate memorandums of understanding and so on, but then they get less panicky and a lot of MOUs don\u2019t get worked through. In other words, Latin America needs a little patience and to be prepared for disappointments. But the long-term story is that the logic supporting major outgoing foreign direct investment by China makes sense.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es-->Adelant\u00e1ndose a su visita a Chile el 30 de marzo, ocasi\u00f3n en que ser\u00e1 orador en un seminario de AmCham sobre inversi\u00f3n extranjera, Daniel H. Rosen, director de China Strategic Advisory, una consultora ubicada en Nueva York, convers\u00f3 con bUSiness CHILE sobre el mercado chino y los prospectos que hay ah\u00ed para las empresas chilenas.<!--:--><!--:en-->Ahead of a visit to Chile when, on March 30, he will speak at an AmCham seminar on foreign investment, Daniel H. Rosen, principal of China Strategic Advisory, a New York-based consultancy firm, talked to bUSiness CHILE about the Chinese market and the prospects there for Chilean firms.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3624","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Importancia de ChinaThe Importance of China - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-importancia-de-china\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Importancia de ChinaThe Importance of China - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Adelant\u00e1ndose a su visita a Chile el 30 de marzo, ocasi\u00f3n en que ser\u00e1 orador en un seminario de AmCham sobre inversi\u00f3n extranjera, Daniel H. Rosen, director de China Strategic Advisory, una consultora ubicada en Nueva York, convers\u00f3 con bUSiness CHILE sobre el mercado chino y los prospectos que hay ah\u00ed para las empresas chilenas.Ahead of a visit to Chile when, on March 30, he will speak at an AmCham seminar on foreign investment, Daniel H. 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