centro de arbitraje<\/A> comercial biling\u00fce en Chile. No obstante, a medida que avanza la integraci\u00f3n internacional de Chile y que el pa\u00eds es utilizado, crecientemente, por las empresas extranjeras como plataforma de negocios en la regi\u00f3n, aumenta la necesidad de un sistema legal que est\u00e9 a la par con las atractivas leyes de inversi\u00f3n y los diversos tratados de libre comercio que ya est\u00e1n vigentes. \u201cEsa es la pata que falta para que no estemos cojos\u201d, se lamenta Manuel Jos\u00e9 Vial, de Vial y Palma Abogados, firma de juristas de Santiago. <\/p>\nLlenando un vac\u00edo<\/B><\/p>\n
El gobierno chileno est\u00e1 trabajando intensamente para modernizar el sistema de justicia penal del pa\u00eds, reforma que se est\u00e1 introduciendo gradualmente, poniendo a Chile al mismo nivel de las normas internacionales en este campo. Pero, seg\u00fan Jaime Irarr\u00e1zabal, socio de la oficina de abogados Philippi, Yrarr\u00e1zabal, Pulido & Brunner y presidente del comit\u00e9 legal de AmCham, \u201cefectivamente exist\u00eda un vac\u00edo en nuestro sistema legal, en lo que se refiere al arbitraje comercial internacional.\u201d<\/p>\n
Esto representaba un costo para las compa\u00f1\u00edas chilenas. Cuando la CCU, empresa cervecera chilena, tuvo un conflicto con su socio holand\u00e9s, debi\u00f3 realizar un costoso viaje a la C\u00e1mara de Comercio Internacional de Paris, para resolver la disputa. Y cuando las compa\u00f1\u00edas chilenas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as tienen controversias con sus clientes o proveedores extranjeros, los altos costos del arbitraje en el extranjero, generalmente los obligan a ceder antes de iniciar la batalla. <\/p>\n
Para solucionar este vac\u00edo en el sistema legal chileno, un grupo de profesores de derecho junto con AmCham, el Colegio de Abogados de Chile y la C\u00e1mara de Comercio de Santiago, decidieron proponer una nueva ley al gobierno que facilitara y regulara el arbitraje comercial internacional. <\/p>\n
La ley propuesta se bas\u00f3 sobre un modelo publicado, en 1985, por la Comisi\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI). En dicho modelo se establece c\u00f3mo las partes pueden seleccionar un \u00e1rbitro, el proceso que se debe seguir y la forma de ejecutar la decisi\u00f3n del juez. <\/p>\n
El modelo de CNUDMI ha sido usado por los gobiernos alrededor del mundo, como base para las leyes de arbitraje comercial internacional, incluidos Australia, Canad\u00e1, Alemania, Singapur y varios estados de EE.UU. \u201cEsta uniformidad es sumamente importante. Significa que un abogado de Paris puede venir a Santiago sin preocuparse de la forma en que se conducen los arbitrajes en Chile, puesto que ya estar\u00e1 informado\u201d, explica Irarr\u00e1zabal. <\/p>\n
Despu\u00e9s de visitar varios ministerios sin \u00e9xito, la ley encontr\u00f3 un defensor en el Ministro de Justicia, Lu\u00eds Bates, quien vio las posibilidades y la necesidad de tal legislaci\u00f3n y ofreci\u00f3 dedicarle tiempo en su agenda. \u201cInstamos a la legislatura a aprobar la ley tal cual fue presentada\u201d, recuerda Mauricio Zelada, abogado del Ministerio de Justicia, quien supervis\u00f3 la aprobaci\u00f3n del proyecto de ley en el Congreso, la cual se logr\u00f3 en tiempo r\u00e9cord, en julio de este a\u00f1o. <\/p>\n
A pesar de la aprobaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida del proyecto de ley, esto no ocurri\u00f3 sin controversia. Se plante\u00f3 la preocupaci\u00f3n de que la ley constitucional chilena pudiera interferir con la independencia del proceso de arbitraje. Zelada le quita importancia a dicha apreciaci\u00f3n, pero sugiere que, con el fin de que funcionen los arbitrajes internacionales en Chile, la comunidad legal chilena deber\u00e1 ejercer restricciones. <\/p>\n
La ley otorga, a las partes que no est\u00e9n conformes con la decisi\u00f3n de un \u00e1rbitro, el derecho de recurrir ante la Corte de Apelaciones correspondiente. Sin embargo, Zelada advierte que los abogados deber\u00edan evitar seguir este camino en forma apresurada, ya se corre el riesgo de hacer que las decisiones alcanzadas por el arbitraje carezcan de valor\u201d. \u201cEn cierto modo, el arbitraje es una forma de derecho privado y la comunidad legal deber\u00e1 aprender a respetar la voluntad de las partes, en el marco de la ley de arbitraje\u201d, afirma.<\/p>\n
Potencial regional<\/B><\/p>\n
Los partidarios de la ley esperan que \u00e9sta permita a Chile transformarse en un centro de arbitraje de disputas comerciales para Am\u00e9rica Latina. La ley permite que toda compa\u00f1\u00eda que opere en cualquier pa\u00eds, realice su arbitraje en Chile, sin necesidad de tener ninguna conexi\u00f3n con Chile. \u201cEsto significa que una compa\u00f1\u00eda argentina y una compa\u00f1\u00eda peruana, que est\u00e1n haciendo negocios en Venezuela, podr\u00edan venir a Chile para resolver sus problemas\u201d, se\u00f1ala Vial.<\/p>\n
Sin embargo, al designarse como un centro de arbitrajes, Santiago estar\u00e1 ingresando a un terreno donde ya existen otros competidores muy bien posicionados. Los centros establecidos, como la C\u00e1mara Internacional de Comercio de Paris y la Asociaci\u00f3n Americana de Arbitrajes con cede en EE.UU., han estado en escena durante d\u00e9cadas y son respetados alrededor del mundo. Entretanto, decenas de otras localidades -incluyendo a Singapur, Londres y, otros pa\u00edses m\u00e1s cercanos, como Per\u00fa y Colombia- tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n compitiendo por el negocio. <\/p>\n
No obstante, Vial afirma que Chile tiene ciertas ventajas que hacen de Santiago un centro internacional de arbitraje factible. Primero, el arbitraje se puede realizar en Chile a una fracci\u00f3n de lo que cuesta en los centros principales de arbitraje, como Paris. Adem\u00e1s, Chile est\u00e1 mucho m\u00e1s cerca, por ejemplo, que Francia de clientes ubicados en Argentina y Brasil. <\/p>\n
M\u00e1s a\u00fan, Chile ofrece la estabilidad pol\u00edtica y un medio seguro que algunos otros pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n no pueden garantizar. Y m\u00e1s importante todav\u00eda, el sistema legal chileno se ha ganado el respeto, tanto de las personas de negocios como de los abogados. \u201cLos ejecutivos y empresario buscan tres cosas en el sistema legal de un pa\u00eds: el imperio de la ley, un sistema judicial independiente y bajos niveles de corrupci\u00f3n. Chile cumple con todas esas exigencias\u201d, observa Irarr\u00e1zabal. <\/p>\n
Seg\u00fan otro de los autores de la ley, Ricardo Sateler, subcoordinador del comit\u00e9 legal de AmCham, Chile deber\u00eda ser realista y restringir sus ambiciones a Am\u00e9rica Latina, donde tiene ventajas adicionales. Primero, comparte el idioma espa\u00f1ol con la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n. En segundo lugar, igual que la mayor\u00eda de sus vecinos, las leyes chilenas est\u00e1n basadas sobre el C\u00f3digo Napole\u00f3nico franc\u00e9s, y difieren de los conceptos que se usan en la ley estadounidense y brit\u00e1nica. De hecho, muchos de los c\u00f3digos legales chilenos, redactados por Andr\u00e9s Bello a principios del siglo diecinueve, han servido como modelo para la legislaci\u00f3n de otros pa\u00edses nuevos, a trav\u00e9s de la regi\u00f3n. <\/p>\n
No obstante, para transformar a Chile en un centro de arbitrajes regional se necesitar\u00e1 de instituciones y de leyes. \u201cEl establecimiento de un centro \u00fanico de arbitraje comercial internacional es absolutamente fundamental para la aplicaci\u00f3n de esta ley\u201d, afirma Zelada. Para colocar a Chile en el mapa de los arbitrajes, los participantes involucrados deber\u00e1n colaborar y establecer una instituci\u00f3n \u00fanica, en lugar de tratar de competir. Un centro de arbitraje \u00fanico generar\u00eda econom\u00edas de escala, que se traducir\u00edan en ahorros significativos, permitiendo tanto a las compa\u00f1\u00edas chilenas peque\u00f1as como a las multinacionales, disfrutar de los beneficios que brinda la resoluci\u00f3n alternativa de conflictos, a su total disposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Sin embargo, el gobierno no ha intervenido en la forma en c\u00f3mo se deber\u00eda aplicar la ley. Zelada sugiere que \u201casumir esta tarea, de importancia nacional, es labor de los centros de arbitraje y de las c\u00e1maras de comercio existentes\u201d. <\/p>\n
Irarr\u00e1zabal, \u00e1rbitro de los centros de la C\u00e1mara de Comercio de Santiago y de AmCham, concuerda en que -con la intenci\u00f3n de establecer un centro internacional fuerte- el enfoque razonable es reunir a un n\u00famero relativamente peque\u00f1o de abogados, en Chile, que tienen experiencia en arbitraje internacional, junto con instituciones tales como la C\u00e1mara de Comercio de Santiago y las c\u00e1maras bilaterales de comercio.
\n
\nA new law on international commercial arbitration has added another strand to Chile\u2019s integration into an increasingly globalized world and boosted its potential as a regional business platform.<\/B><\/I><\/p>\n
In modern business, companies increasingly prefer not to rely on the law courts as a means of resolving their differences. Instead, they are opting for extra-judicial alternatives, of which arbitration is one of the most common. <\/p>\n
This practice – under which an independent arbitrator is selected to listen to each side\u2019s case and decide on a solution – offers several advantages over a conventional court case. According to Jos\u00e9 Antonio Guti\u00e9rrez, a specialist in arbitration at Peralta Toro Sateler Abogados, a Santiago law firm, the two most important advantages of arbitration are the specialization of the arbitrator and the ability to predict how long the process will take. <\/p>\n
\u201cIf there\u2019s a dispute over a highly sophisticated piece of machinery, it is logical not to use a judge who\u2019s accustomed to resolving family conflicts, but an arbitrator who understands the machines,\u201d he points out. Companies can appoint a commonly-agreed expert or let one of the world’s many arbitration centers select an arbitrator from its list.<\/p>\n
The other advantage is the speed of resolution. Under arbitration, the two parties and the arbitrator agree on the procedure that will be followed to settle the dispute, and often set a time limit of no more than two years after which the arbitrator commonly loses competence in the case. By comparison, lawsuits conducted in ordinary courts can be extremely slow. <\/p>\n
The use of arbitration is increasingly stipulated in the terms of a contract, which often also specify the center or arbitrator to be used in the case of a conflict. In certain types of contracts, this practice has, in fact, become almost universal. \u201cIn contracts for joint ventures and alliances, for example, I have never seen one that went before an ordinary court,\u201d notes Guti\u00e9rrez. <\/p>\n
And, as elsewhere, arbitration is common in Chile, with the Santiago Chamber of Commerce running a busy domestic arbitration center, while AmCham operates the country\u2019s only bilingual center<\/A>. But, as Chile\u2019s international integration advances and it is increasingly used by overseas companies as a regional business platform, there is also a growing need for a legal system to match the attractive investment laws and free trade agreements already in place. \u201cThat\u2019s the missing leg of the stool,\u201d laments Manuel Jos\u00e9 Vial of Vial y Palma Abogados, a Santiago law firm. <\/p>\nFilling a gap<\/B><\/p>\n
The Chilean government is working hard to modernize the country\u2019s criminal justice system, a reform which is gradually being introduced, bringing the country into line with international standards in this field. But, according to Jaime Irarr\u00e1zabal, a partner at law firm Philippi, Yrarr\u00e1zaval, Pulido & Brunner and chairman of AmCham\u2019s legal committee, \u201ca vacuum existed in our legal system as regards international commercial arbitration\u201d. <\/p>\n
This had costs for Chilean companies. When Chilean brewer CCU fell out with its Dutch partner, it took an expensive trip to the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris to resolve the dispute. And, when smaller Chilean companies fall out with their overseas clients or suppliers, the costs of arbitration abroad often force them to give up before the fight has even begun.<\/p>\n
To resolve this gap in the Chilean legal system, a group of law professors together with AmCham, the Chilean Bar Association and the Santiago Chamber of Commerce decided to propose a new law to the government that would facilitate and regulate international commercial arbitration.<\/p>\n
The proposed law was based on a model published in 1985 by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). It sets out how the parties can select an arbitrator, the process to be followed, and how to implement the arbitrator\u2019s decision. <\/p>\n
The UNCITRAL model has been used by governments around the world as the basis for their international commercial arbitration laws, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Singapore and several U.S. states. \u201cThis uniformity is highly important,\u201d says Irarr\u00e1zabal. \u201cIt means a lawyer from Paris can come to Santiago and not have to worry about how they do arbitration in Chile; he\u2019ll already know,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n
After visiting several ministries without success, the law found a champion in Justice Minister Luis Bates, who saw the possibilities and the need for such legislation, and offered to give it time in his program. \u201cWe urged the legislature to pass the law just as it was presented,\u201d recalls Mauricio Zelada, the lawyer at the Ministry of Justice, who oversaw the bill\u2019s passage through Congress, achieved in record time in July this year.<\/p>\n
Despite the bill\u2019s speedy passage, it was not without controversy. Concerns were raised that Chile\u2019s constitutional law could interfere with the independence of the arbitration process. Zelada plays down this concern, but suggests that, in order for international arbitration to function in Chile, the country\u2019s legal community will have to exercise restraint. <\/p>\n
The law allows parties unhappy with an arbitrator\u2019s decision the right of recourse to the corresponding Appeals Court. But lawyers should avoid taking this course too hastily so as not to risk rendering decisions reached by arbitration meaningless, warns Zelada. \u201cArbitration is in some ways a form of private law and the legal community must learn to respect the will of the parties in the framework of the arbitration law,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n
Regional potential<\/B><\/p>\n
The law\u2019s supporters hope that it will enable Chile to become a center for arbitration for business disputes around Latin America. The law allows any company operating in any country to conduct its arbitration in Chile; no connection with Chile is necessary. \u201cThis means an Argentine company and a Peruvian company doing business in Venezuela could come to Santiago to resolve their problems,\u201d points out Vial.<\/p>\n
But, in designating itself as a center for arbitration, Santiago will be entering an already crowded arena. Established centers, such as that of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris and the U.S.-based American Arbitration Association, have been around for decades and command respect around the world. Meanwhile, dozens of other locations including Singapore, London and, closer to home, Peru and Colombia are also vying for business. <\/p>\n
Still, Vial says that Chile has certain advantages, which make the vision of Santiago as a center of international arbitration a feasible one. Firstly, arbitration can be conducted in Chile at a fraction of the cost of major arbitration centers, such as that in Paris. Chile is also much closer than, for example, France to potential clients in Argentina or Brazil.<\/p>\n
Meanwhile, Chile offers the political stability and safe environment that some other countries in the region cannot guarantee. Most importantly, Chile\u2019s legal system commands the respect of businesspeople and lawyers alike. \u201cBusinesspeople look for three things in a country\u2019s legal system – the rule of law, an independent judiciary and low levels of corruption; Chile has all of these,\u201d notes Irarr\u00e1zabal.<\/p>\n
According to another of the law\u2019s proponents, Ricardo Sateler, assistant coordinator of AmCham\u2019s legal committee, Chile should realistically restrict its ambitions to Latin America where it has additional advantages. Firstly, it shares the Spanish language with most other countries in the region. <\/p>\n
And secondly, like most of its neighbors, Chile\u2019s laws are based on the French Napoleonic Code and differ from the concepts used in U.S. and British law. Indeed, many of Chile\u2019s legal codes, drawn up by Andr\u00e9s Bello in the early nineteenth century, served as the model for legislation for other fledging republics across the region. <\/p>\n
But to transform Chile into a regional arbitration center will require institutions as well as laws. \u201cThe establishment of a single center of international commercial arbitration is absolutely fundamental for the application of this law,\u201d says Zelada. To put Chile on the arbitration map, he says, the players involved should collaborate and establish a single institution, rather than try to compete. And a single center of arbitration would create cost-saving economies of scale, allowing small Chilean companies as well as multinationals to enjoy the benefits of alternative conflict resolution on their doorstep.<\/p>\n
The government, however, has stood back from intervening in how the law should be applied. \u201cIt lies with the existing arbitration centers and chambers of commerce to assume this task of national importance,\u201d Zelada suggests.<\/p>\n
Irarr\u00e1zabal, an arbitrator both at the Santiago Chamber of Commerce and AmCham centers, agrees that the reasonable approach is to bring the relatively small number of lawyers in Chile with experience in international arbitration together with institutions such as the Santiago Chamber of Commerce and bilateral chambers of commerce, with a view to setting up such a strong international center.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Una ley nueva sobre arbitraje comercial internacional ha agregado otra hebra a la integraci\u00f3n de Chile a un mundo crecientemente globalizado y ha aumentado su potencial como plataforma comercial de la regi\u00f3n.A new law on international commercial arbitration has added another strand to Chile\u2019s integration into an increasingly globalized world and boosted its potential as a regional business platform.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3449","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Arbitraje Comercial InternacionalInternational Commercial Arbitration - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/arbitraje-comercial-internacional\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arbitraje Comercial InternacionalInternational Commercial Arbitration - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Una ley nueva sobre arbitraje comercial internacional ha agregado otra hebra a la integraci\u00f3n de Chile a un mundo crecientemente globalizado y ha aumentado su potencial como plataforma comercial de la regi\u00f3n.A new law on international commercial arbitration has added another strand to Chile\u2019s integration into an increasingly globalized world and boosted its potential as a regional business platform.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/arbitraje-comercial-internacional\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-02-02T11:57:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/arbitraje-comercial-internacional\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amchamchile.cl\\\/noticia\\\/arbitraje-comercial-internacional\\\/\",\"name\":\"Arbitraje Comercial InternacionalInternational Commercial Arbitration - 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