{"id":3405,"date":"2010-03-16T16:22:33","date_gmt":"2010-03-16T16:22:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-16T17:24:16","modified_gmt":"2015-03-16T20:24:16","slug":"cervezas-premium-armando-un-negocio","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/cervezas-premium-armando-un-negocio\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Cervezas Premium: Armando un Negocio<!--:--><!--:en-->Premium Beers: Brewing up a Business<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En el 2003, Kevin Szot se asent\u00f3 en Chile con su esposa chilena y sus cuatro hijos. Tras 18 a\u00f1os trabajando en el grupo financiero estadounidense Citibank, estaba buscando hacer algo diferente cuando record\u00f3 las microcervecer\u00edas de su juventud en California.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Si bien el vino chileno hab\u00eda mejorado a pasos agigantados en la d\u00e9cada que hab\u00eda transcurrido desde que hab\u00eda vivido por \u00faltima vez en el pa\u00eds y se hab\u00eda diversificado en una deslumbrante colecci\u00f3n de variedades de uvas, vi\u00f1as y valles, la cerveza en Chile estaba confinada a un pu\u00f1ado de marcas nacionales con poco que las distinguiera.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cLa cerveza a\u00fan correspond\u00eda b\u00e1sicamente a lagers industriales como Cristal (\u2026) y se me ocurri\u00f3 que Chile se encontraba en un momento en el que (abrir una microcervecer\u00eda) ser\u00eda un negocio interesante\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Las microcervecer\u00edas despegaron hace unos 30 a\u00f1os en Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido a medida que los fan\u00e1ticos de la cervezas tipo ale comenzaron a producir, en peque\u00f1a escala, sus propias cervezas con sabores m\u00e1s desafiantes e interesantes que las delgadas y burbujeantes lagers producidas por las gigantes cervecer\u00edas globales que llegaron a dominar la industria.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La producci\u00f3n cervecera en Chile est\u00e1 dominada por Compa\u00f1\u00eda Cervecer\u00edas Unidas (CCU), empresa que cotiza acciones en la Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago y que vendi\u00f3 m\u00e1s del 80% de los 600 millones de litros de cerveza consumidos aqu\u00ed el a\u00f1o pasado, a trav\u00e9s de marcas importantes como Cristal, Escudo, Royal Guard y Heineken.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El consumo de cerveza ha crecido r\u00e1pidamente en Chile durante la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, en parte gracias a la fuerte publicidad de CCU, y hoy en d\u00eda supera al pisco y al vino como la bebida alcoh\u00f3lica favorita de los chilenos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero el consumo de 36 litros per capita en el 2008 est\u00e1 muy lejos del de otros pa\u00edses en la regi\u00f3n incluidos Venezuela, Brasil y M\u00e9xico o de los campeones en materia de consumo de cerveza como son la Rep\u00fablica Checa, Irlanda y Alemania, cuyos habitantes beben m\u00e1s de 100 litros al a\u00f1o por persona.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin haber producido cerveza nunca antes, Szot instal\u00f3 un set de 100 litros en el patio de su casa para descubrir c\u00f3mo hacer cerveza a su gusto.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Despu\u00e9s de haber afinado la receta, la familia compr\u00f3 una planta cervecera de segunda mano fabricada en B\u00e9lgica y comenz\u00f3 a producir las primeras botellas de cerveza Szot a fines del 2006.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">No fue el \u00fanico. En los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os, se ha registrado un auge en la elaboraci\u00f3n de cerveza artesanal en Chile a tal punto que Szot estima que hoy en d\u00eda hay entre 50 y 90 microcervecer\u00edas activas en el pa\u00eds, las que van desde cervecer\u00edas que operan en los patios de las casas de sus due\u00f1os hasta operaciones mucho m\u00e1s grandes como la suya.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero no todas ellas est\u00e1n prosperando.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Muchas encontraron dificultades para mantener los est\u00e1ndares de calidad cuando incrementaron los vol\u00famenes de producci\u00f3n o se dieron cuenta de que su cerveza no perduraba de buena forma en las estanter\u00edas, lo que caus\u00f3 dolores de cabeza a los supermercados.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Comercial Peumo, la rama de distribuci\u00f3n de Concha y Toro, la vi\u00f1a m\u00e1s grande de Chile, originalmente reclut\u00f3 a seis de estas nuevas microcervecer\u00edas, incluida Szot, pero apenas un par de a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, s\u00f3lo tres siguen estando en sus registros.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot se\u00f1ala que la parte m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil no es hacer cerveza que le guste a uno, sino que mantener el producto igual mientras se expande el negocio.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cLa mayor\u00eda de los negocios son manejables ya sea que uno elabore cerveza, pan o pinturas, la parte compleja se da a medida que uno crece\u201d, sostiene.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Un error en la receta durante la expansi\u00f3n podr\u00eda costar a una peque\u00f1a cervecer\u00eda su reputaci\u00f3n justo cuando tiene la mayor parte de su dinero atada a costosa maquinaria nueva.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cEn este negocio, el crecimiento r\u00e1pido probablemente puede matarte m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que el no crecer en lo m\u00e1s m\u00ednimo\u201d, afirma Szot.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot ha tratado de aprender de las lecciones de las microcervecer\u00edas que admira en Estados Unidos, muchas de las cuales producen ahora a una escala casi industrial con algunos procesos automatizados.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Otra dificultad que enfrentan las microcervecer\u00edas de Chile ha sido encontrar espacio para sus productos en un mercado dominado por un par de grandes distribuidores, un pu\u00f1ado de supermercados y una enorme compa\u00f1\u00eda cervecera.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Cuando Szot y su esposa Karin comenzaron a comercializar su cerveza, se dieron cuenta que miles de restaurantes, bares y pubs hab\u00edan firmado contratos con marcas importantes, lo que significaba que no pod\u00edan vender cerveza producida por nadie m\u00e1s.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cCuando comenzamos, tratamos de colocar nuestras cervezas en el (centro comercial de Santiago) Parque Arauco, pero todos hab\u00edan suscritos acuerdos de exclusividad\u201d, recuerda.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Despu\u00e9s de una investigaci\u00f3n realizada por las autoridades de competencia, las grandes firmas cerveceras acordaron detener dicha pr\u00e1ctica lo que abri\u00f3 el camino para que las microcervecer\u00edas aparecieran en miles de establecimientos a lo largo del pa\u00eds.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La demanda por la nueva generaci\u00f3n de cervezas premium ha crecido casi tan r\u00e1pidamente como las microcervecer\u00edas pueden producir la bebida y los productores dependen de la publicidad boca a boca y la cobertura en la prensa para atraer nuevos consumidores y no de fuertes gastos en publicidad.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Las ventas han estado subiendo a una tasa cercana al 60% anual, pero cifras del mercado sugieren que a la industria a\u00fan le queda mucho por crecer.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Las cervezas artesanales premium correspondieron a poco m\u00e1s del 0,4% de todas las cervezas vendidas en Chile el a\u00f1o pasado, mientras que en Estados Unidos, donde la industria de la microcervecer\u00eda ya lleva cuatro d\u00e9cadas, la cifra es cercana al 6%.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Tras crecer a una tasa del 250% al 300% por a\u00f1o, Szot ahora est\u00e1 planificando aumentar las ventas anuales de los poco m\u00e1s de 150.000 litros que produce en la actualidad a cerca de 400.000 litros de lagers, ales y stouts dentro de los pr\u00f3ximos 18 meses.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Debido a los problemas iniciales para convencer a los bares y restaurantes de comprar su cerveza, la empresa vende cerca del 70% de sus productos a trav\u00e9s de supermercados, pero est\u00e1 planeando producir cervezas en barril, para venta en pubs, desde 2011.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot tambi\u00e9n comenz\u00f3 a exportar cerveza y env\u00edo varias cajas a Dinamarca el a\u00f1o pasado.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cNo los buscamos. Ellos nos contactaron tras leer una cr\u00edtica en Internet que nos calificaba como la mejor cerveza de Sudam\u00e9rica\u201d, dice Szot.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">M\u00e1s pedidos han llegado desde Brasil y Canad\u00e1.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">No obstante, dadas las dificultades que implica diferenciarse en los mercados maduros de cerveza en Europa y Am\u00e9rica del Norte, la atenci\u00f3n de la empresa sigue estando puesta en el mercado local.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cNuestras cervezas pueden destacarse en Chile, pero en el Reino Unido, \u00bfqu\u00e9 es otra pale ale?\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Una respuesta podr\u00eda ser tratar de a\u00f1adir ingredientes locales, como la qu\u00ednoa o el amaranto, dos granos andinos. La qu\u00ednoa o el amaranto dan sabores \u00fanicos a sus cervezas, tal como las cervecer\u00edas sudafricanas a\u00f1aden sorgo a sus lagers.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, las leyes chilenas de cerveza, dise\u00f1adas teniendo en mente la elaboraci\u00f3n industrial de cerveza, impide que los productores de cerveza usen ma\u00edz o arroz como alternativas a la cebada en su cerveza.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot ahora espera poder persuadir a la industria cervecera en su conjunto para presionar por un cambio en la legislaci\u00f3n.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Si bien operar una microcervecer\u00eda est\u00e1 a un mundo de distancia de su trabajo en una multinacional, Szot se\u00f1ala que su carrera en el sector bancario le entreg\u00f3 habilidades que le han ayudado a tener \u00e9xito.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En Citibank, Szot estaba acostumbrado a manejar campa\u00f1as de ventas y a gestionar productos, la \u00fanica diferencia ahora es que est\u00e1 desarrollando lagers en vez de cr\u00e9ditos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La banca tambi\u00e9n le ense\u00f1\u00f3 a ser conservador en t\u00e9rminos financieros y a mantener su atenci\u00f3n puesta en cu\u00e1ndo llega el dinero: eso es crucial en un negocio en que los pagos a menudo se postergan en 30 d\u00edas y los impuestos a las ventas se comen m\u00e1s de un tercio de los ingresos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Las cosas s\u00f3lo se pusieron m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles con la desaceleraci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda global, dado que tanto los consumidores como las empresas est\u00e1n menos dispuestos a arriesgarse con nuevos productos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero para aquellas microcervecer\u00edas que ya lo estaban haciendo bien, Szot afirma que la crisis ha sido una bendici\u00f3n.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cCreo que la recesi\u00f3n nos ayud\u00f3: en lugar de comprar un vino costoso, la gente prefiere comprar una cerveza de la mejor calidad, que les cueste mucho menos\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Tom Azzopardi<\/STRONG> se desempe\u00f1a como periodista freelance en Santiago<\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">In 2003, Kevin Szot settled in Chile with his Chilean wife and four children. After 18 years with U.S. financial group Citibank, he was looking to do something different when he remembered the microbreweries of his youth in California.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">While Chilean wine had improved in leaps and bounds in the decade since he had last lived in the country, diversifying into a dazzling array of grape varieties, wineries and valleys, beer in Chile was confined to a handful of national brands with little to tell them apart.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cBeer was still basically industrial lagers like Cristal\u2026 and I thought Chile was at a moment where [opening a microbrewery] would be an interesting business.\u201d<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Microbreweries took off around 30 years ago in the U.S. and U.K. as ale fans began to produce, on a small scale, their own beers with more challenging and interesting flavors than the thin, fizzy lagers produced by the global brewing giants that have come to dominate the industry.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Brewing in Chile is dominated by Santiago-listed Compa\u00f1\u00eda Cervecer\u00edas Unidas (CCU), which sold more than 80% of the 600 million liters of beer consumed here last year, through major brands such as Cristal, Escudo, Royal Guard and Heineken.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Beer consumption has grown rapidly in Chile over the last decade, part in thanks to heavy advertising by CCU, and today outsells pisco and wine as Chileans\u2019 favorite tipple.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But consumption of 36 liters per capita in 2008 lies a long way behind that of other countries in the region including Venezuela, Brazil and Mexico or champion beer drinkers like the Czech Republic, Ireland and Germany whose inhabitants each put away more than 100 liters a year.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Having never brewed before, Szot set up a one-hundred liter set in his backyard to find how to make beer to his taste.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">After getting the recipe down, the family purchased a second-hand Belgian-built brewing plant and began to produce the first bottles of Szot beer in late 2006.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">He was not alone. The last five years have seen a boom in artisanal beer-making in Chile so that today Szot estimates there are anywhere between 50 and 90 microbreweries active in the country, ranging from backyard businesses to much larger operations like his own.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But not all of these are prospering.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Many encountered difficulties maintaining quality standards when they increased production volumes or found their beer did not last well on the shelf, causing headaches for supermarkets.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Comercial Peumo, the distribution arm of Chile\u2019s largest winemaker Concha y Toro, originally signed up six of these new microbreweries, including Szot, but just a couple of years later, only three are still on its books.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot says the hardest part is not making beer you like but keeping the product the same while expanding the business.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cMost businesses are manageable whether you are making beer, bread or paint, the complexity comes as you grow,\u201d he says.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A mistake in the recipe during expansion could cost a small brewery its reputation just as it has most of its money tied up in expensive new machinery.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cIn this business, rapid growth can probably kill you quicker than no growth at all,\u201d says Szot.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">He has tried to learn lessons from the microbreweries he admires in the U.S., many of which now produce on a near-industrial scale with some automated processes.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Another difficulty facing Chile\u2019s microbreweries has been finding room for their product in a market dominated by a couple of big distributors, a handful of supermarkets and one enormous brewing giant.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">When Szot and wife Karin began marketing their beer, they found thousands of restaurants, bars and pubs had signed deals with major brands which meant that they could not sell beer produced by anyone else.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cWhen we started we tried to get our beers into [Santiago shopping mall] Parque Arauco \u2013 but everyone had signed exclusivity agreements,\u201d he recalls.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Following a probe by competition authorities, the big breweries agreed to halt the practice opening the way for microbrewers to appear in thousands of establishments throughout the country.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Demand for the new generation of premium beers has grown almost as fast as the microbrewers can produce it, with producers relying on word-of-mouth and press coverage to attract new consumers rather than heavy spending on advertising.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sales have been rising at the rate of around 60% a year \u2013 but market data suggests the industry still has a lot of growing to do.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Premium artisanal beers accounted for just 0.4% of all the beer sold in Chile last year while in the U.S., where the micro-brewing industry is into its fourth decade, the figure is closer to 6%.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">After growing at 250%-300% a year, Szot is now planning to increase annual sales to around 400,000 liters of lagers, ales and stouts within the next 18 months from just over 150,000 liters currently.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Due to initial problems convincing bars and restaurants to take on its beer, the company sells around 70% of its product through supermarkets but is planning to produce draught beer, for sale in pubs, from 2011.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot has also begun to export beer, shipping several cases to Denmark last year.<BR>\u201cWe did not seek it. They contacted us after reading an online review rating us as the best beer in South America,\u201d said Szot.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">More orders have followed from Brazil and Canada.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But given the difficulties in differentiating themselves in the mature beer markets of Europe and North America, the company\u2019s focus remains on the domestic market.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cOur beers may stand out in Chile, but in the U.K. what\u2019s another pale ale?\u201d<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">One answer may be to try adding local ingredients, like Andean grains quinoa or amaranth to give unique flavors to their beers, just as South African brewers add sorghum to their lagers.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But Chilean beer laws, designed with industrial beer-making in mind, restrict brewers to using corn and rice as alternatives to barley in their beer.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Szot now hopes he can persuade the beer industry as a whole to push for a change in the legislation.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Although running a microbrewery is a world away from his job in a multinational, Szot says his career in banking provided him with skills that have helped him to succeed.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">At Citibank he was used to running sales campaigns and managing products, the only difference now is that he\u2019s pushing lagers rather than loans.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Banking also taught him to be financially conservative and keep his focus on when the money is coming: that\u2019s crucial in a business where payment is often delayed by 30 days and sales taxes swallow up more than a third of revenue.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Things have only got harder with the slowdown in the global economy, since consumers and businesses are less willing to risk new products.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">But for those microbreweries that were already doing well, Szot says the downturn has been a blessing.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cI think the recession has helped us: instead of buying an expensive wine, people prefer to buy a top quality beer, which costs them a lot less.\u201d<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Tom Azzopardi<\/STRONG> is a freelance journalist based in Santiago<\/P><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En el 2003, Kevin Szot se asent\u00f3 en Chile con su esposa chilena y sus cuatro hijos.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3405","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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