{"id":3402,"date":"2010-03-16T15:56:23","date_gmt":"2010-03-16T15:56:23","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-16T17:26:59","modified_gmt":"2015-03-16T20:26:59","slug":"evitando-la-doble-tributacion","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/evitando-la-doble-tributacion\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Evitando la Doble Tributaci\u00f3n <!--:--><!--:en-->Avoiding a Double Tax Bill<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En medio de las temperaturas extremadamente bajas que afectaron a Washington D.C. durante los \u00faltimos meses, hubo al menos un brev\u00edsimo descongelamiento. En apenas unos pocos d\u00edas en diciembre, un propuesto tratado tributario entre Estados Unidos y Chile que hab\u00eda estado congelado por casi 10 a\u00f1os volvi\u00f3 a activarse.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El principal bosquejo del acuerdo para evitar la doble tributaci\u00f3n estaba listo desde hac\u00eda tiempo, se\u00f1ala Liselott Kana, la jefa del Departamento de Normas Internacionales del Servicio de Impuestos Internos (SII) de Chile. Y, luego que los dos pa\u00edses suscribieron su tratado de libre comercio en el 2003, naturalmente parec\u00eda el pr\u00f3ximo paso.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Despu\u00e9s de todo, Estados Unidos tiene acuerdos de doble tributaci\u00f3n con casi 70 pa\u00edses, incluidos no s\u00f3lo sus principales socios comerciales, sino que tambi\u00e9n econom\u00edas peque\u00f1as como Sri Lanka, T\u00fanez y Armenia. En Am\u00e9rica Latina, Estados Unidos ten\u00eda un acuerdo vigente con Venezuela desde 1999.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">De igual forma, la red de acuerdos tributarios de Chile -si bien no es tan extensa como la de sus tratados de libre comercio- es bastante amplia y cubre la mayor parte de las naciones europeas y de otros pa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica Latina adem\u00e1s de Canad\u00e1. Entonces, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 no tenerlo con Estados Unidos?<IMG style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; MARGIN: 5px; FLOAT: right; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid\" class=mceItem alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/sites\/default\/files\/Liselott-Kana-E_Cover-3_10.jpg\" width=188 height=188><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">El problema era una falta de salvaguardas que Estados Unidos consideraba necesarias para asegurar que sus ciudadanos no usar\u00edan cuentas bancarias chilenas para evadir impuestos en su pa\u00eds de origen. Las normas de confidencialidad con la que los bancos deben tratar la informaci\u00f3n de sus clientes son el impedimento m\u00e1s com\u00fan para los tratados de car\u00e1cter tributario, destaca John Murphy, vicepresidente de asuntos internacionales de la C\u00e1mara de Comercio de Estados Unidos en Washington.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Ellas son, por ejemplo, una de las razones por las que Estados Unidos no tiene un acuerdo tributario con Brasil, \u201cla \u00fanica econom\u00eda de un bill\u00f3n de d\u00f3lares con la que no tenemos un acuerdo (tributario)\u201d, destaca Murphy.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">La insistencia respecto de tales salvaguardas no es s\u00f3lo un capricho de Estados Unidos. Las negociaciones respecto de los impuestos de Chile con Australia tambi\u00e9n se estancaron por la misma raz\u00f3n y otros pa\u00edses, con los que Chile suscribi\u00f3 acuerdos en la d\u00e9cada de los 90, han adoptado desde entonces una postura m\u00e1s dura.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, esta barrera al tratado tributario entre Chile y Estados Unidos se elimin\u00f3 en octubre cuando -como condici\u00f3n para el ingreso de Chile a la Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos (OCDE)- el Congreso de la naci\u00f3n sudamericana aprob\u00f3 un proyecto de ley que entrega al SII nuevas facultades para acceder a la informaci\u00f3n sobre transacciones a trav\u00e9s de cuentas bancarias y para compartir esa informaci\u00f3n con autoridades tributarias de otros pa\u00edses.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Ello allan\u00f3 el camino para que Chile y Estados Unidos suscribieran su tan esperado acuerdo el 4 de febrero. Elogiando el historial econ\u00f3mico de Chile, el secretario del Tesoro de Estados Unidos, Timothy Geithner, alab\u00f3 al pacto como el punto de inicio de \u201cun nuevo cap\u00edtulo en la s\u00f3lida relaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica entre Estados Unidos y Chile\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Implementando el Tratado<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Dado que a\u00fan requiere la ratificaci\u00f3n del Congreso de ambos pa\u00edses, el tratado probablemente no entrar\u00e1 en vigencia hasta comienzos del pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o. No obstante, empresas en Chile y Estados Unidos ya est\u00e1n analizando qu\u00e9 representa el acuerdo para ellas y c\u00f3mo pueden sacarle provecho.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Por supuesto, la esperanza est\u00e1 puesta en que impulsar\u00e1 la inversi\u00f3n bilateral y, en particular, la inversi\u00f3n extranjera directa de empresas estadounidenses en Chile. Durante los \u00faltimos 35 a\u00f1os, momento en que Chile inici\u00f3 el proceso de apertura de su econom\u00eda, Estados Unidos ha sido por lejos su mayor inversionista extranjero, correspondiendo a cerca de un cuarto de los ingresos totales en virtud del Decreto Ley 600 Estatuto de la Inversi\u00f3n Extranjera (DL 600).<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><IMG style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; MARGIN: 5px; FLOAT: left; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid\" class=mceItem alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/sites\/default\/files\/Franco-Brzovic-E_Cover3_10.jpg\" width=188 height=188>Sin embargo, despu\u00e9s de alcanzar cifras en torno a los US$ 1.000 millones al a\u00f1o desde mediados de la d\u00e9cada de los 90 hasta el 2001, la inversi\u00f3n extranjera en Chile por parte de empresas estadounidenses se enfri\u00f3 a la mitad de ese monto o menos (si bien repunt\u00f3 a US$ 3.700 millones en el 2009 cuando la gigante firma minorista Wal-Mart adquiri\u00f3 el control de la cadena chilena de supermercados D&amp;S). Esta ca\u00edda refleja tendencias globales -principalmente, la creciente importancia de China como un im\u00e1n para la inversi\u00f3n extranjera directa- pero, \u201cal margen de ello, el tratado tributario entre Estados Unidos y Chile ser\u00e1 importante\u201d, sugiere Murphy.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Su opini\u00f3n es compartida por Franco Brzovic, abogado experto en derecho tributario y socio de P\u00e9rez Donoso y C\u00eda, estudio de abogados con sede en Santiago. \u201cLa aplicaci\u00f3n de impuestos no es el principal factor, pero es uno de los puntos en la lista de temas que revisan las empresas cuando deciden d\u00f3nde invertir\u201d, afirma.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Una ventaja que aparecer\u00e1 de manera inmediata, incluso antes de que el tratado entre en vigencia, es el nuevo brillo que da a la imagen internacional de Chile. En comparaci\u00f3n con su reciente ingreso a la OCDE, eso puede parecer un asunto menor, pero \u201cEstados Unidos es muy selectivo respecto de con qui\u00e9n firma tratados tributarios\u201d, destaca Kana.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">M\u00e1s a\u00fan, el acuerdo distingue a Chile respecto de otros pa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica del Sur. A excepci\u00f3n de Venezuela, Estados Unidos no tiene un tratado tributario con ning\u00fan otro pa\u00eds en la regi\u00f3n y \u201ceso da a Chile una ventaja en su apuesta por desarrollarse como una plataforma regional de negocios\u201d, destaca H\u00e9ctor Lehued\u00e9, asesor tributario del Ministerio de Hacienda durante el Gobierno de la ex presidenta Michelle Bachelet.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero, en t\u00e9rminos m\u00e1s tangibles, tambi\u00e9n eliminar\u00e1 \u201cuna desventaja a la que se le ha prestado poca atenci\u00f3n, pero que es muy real para Chile a los ojos de las empresas multinacionales con sede en Estados Unidos\u201d, se\u00f1ala Murphy. A primera vista, eso parece improbable dado que el tratado no modificar\u00e1 el impuesto sobre las ganancias remitidas desde Chile a Estados Unidos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses, incluido Estados Unidos, el impuesto a la retenci\u00f3n aplicado a las remesas por ganancias es adicional al impuesto a la renta pagado por la empresa sobre esas utilidades. Sin embargo, en virtud del denominado \u201csistema integrado\u201d de Chile, el impuesto a la renta corporativo -que se aplica a una tasa del 17%- sirve como cr\u00e9dito contra el impuesto a la retenci\u00f3n del 35%.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Entonces, en otras palabras, las empresas que invierten en Chile terminan pagando s\u00f3lo un 35% sobre las remesas de ganancias. Y, tal como en negociaciones tributarias con otros pa\u00edses, los negociadores de Chile defendieron a brazo partido esta tasa en las negociaciones con Estados Unidos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cOtros pa\u00edses no reducen su impuesto a la renta para las empresas en los tratados, (s\u00f3lo reducen) el impuesto a la retenci\u00f3n\u201d, destaca Lehued\u00e9, \u201cy nosotros no rebajamos nuestro impuesto a la retenci\u00f3n, porque nuestro sistema integrado significa que, para los inversionistas extranjeros que remiten ganancias, ya es equivalente a cero\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Al eliminar la doble tributaci\u00f3n -o los obst\u00e1culos que se requiere superar previamente para evitarla- el tratado aumentar\u00e1, no obstante, la competitividad de las filiales chilenas de compa\u00f1\u00edas estadounidenses, fortaleciendo su posici\u00f3n en procesos de licitaci\u00f3n al interior de las mismas empresas para abastecer contratos a nivel mundial. Y eso, a su vez, har\u00e1 que la inversi\u00f3n en Chile sea m\u00e1s atractiva.&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>La Otra Cara de la Moneda<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Las empresas chilenas que invierten en Estados Unidos est\u00e1n sujetas a impuestos a la renta tanto a nivel federal como estatal que, si bien var\u00edan dependiendo del estado o los estados en los que tienen operaciones, normalmente fluct\u00faan entre el 33% y el 35%.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Luego, si remiten sus ganancias de vuelta a Chile como dividendos, se les aplica otro impuesto de retenci\u00f3n del 30%. Y, debido a que ese impuesto no permite ninguna reducci\u00f3n, se aplica sobre una base bastante alta, explica Manal Corwin, asesora de tributaci\u00f3n internacional del Departamento del Tesoro de Estados Unidos.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A Chile le habr\u00eda gustado que Estados Unidos redujera este impuesto de retenci\u00f3n a cero para todas las empresas chilenas, sostiene Kana, pero s\u00f3lo lo logr\u00f3 en el caso de los fondos de pensi\u00f3n. Para los inversionistas que mantengan al menos una participaci\u00f3n del 10% en la empresa que paga dividendos -o, en la pr\u00e1ctica, inversores de inversi\u00f3n extranjera directa- se reducir\u00e1 al 5% y, para los que tienen participaciones m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as, al 15%.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Tambi\u00e9n hay otra ventaja para los inversionistas chilenos en Estados Unidos, seg\u00fan Charles Kimber, gerente de asuntos corporativos y comerciales de Arauco, una de las empresas forestales l\u00edderes del pa\u00eds sudamericano. Algunos de los empleados expatriados que la empresa tiene en su filial estadounidense se ven duramente afectados por la doble tributaci\u00f3n, pero una vez que el tratado entre en vigencia, podr\u00e1n obtener un cr\u00e9dito fiscal sobre los impuestos que hayan pagado ah\u00ed contra sus obligaciones en Chile, anticipa.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">M\u00e1s a\u00fan, al simplificar los impuestos, el tratado ofrece una potencial ganancia para las peque\u00f1as empresas chilenas en<IMG style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; MARGIN: 5px; FLOAT: right; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid\" class=mceItem alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/sites\/default\/files\/charles-kimber-E_Cover3_10.jpg\" width=188 height=188> Estados Unidos, a\u00f1ade Kimber.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Arauco, que tiene ventas anuales por cerca de US$ 400 millones en Estados Unidos, est\u00e1 estructurada de tal manera que el precio que su filial en Estados Unidos paga a la matriz chilena por los productos madereros que comercializa en ese pa\u00eds es claro y est\u00e1 respaldado por estudios de transferencia de precio llevados a cabo por auditores internacionales.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero, \u00bfqu\u00e9 ocurre con las peque\u00f1as empresas que no pueden costear esos estudios? Corren el riesgo de verse de repente obligadas a pagar impuesto a la renta en Estados Unidos no s\u00f3lo sobre sus m\u00e1rgenes sino que tambi\u00e9n sobre la diferencia entre sus costos en Chile y el precio al que venden a su filial en Estados Unidos, destaca Kimber.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Exportaciones de Servicios<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, para Kana, las reducciones de impuestos a las regal\u00edas y aranceles sobre los servicios podr\u00edan terminar siendo el beneficio individual m\u00e1s importante del nuevo tratado para Chile. \u201cFacilitar\u00e1 en gran medida la transferencia de tecnolog\u00eda desde Estados Unidos a Chile\u201d, subraya.&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En la actualidad, una empresa chilena que paga regal\u00edas o royalties a Estados Unidos est\u00e1 sujeta a un impuesto de retenci\u00f3n del 30% (o del 15%, en el caso de software), mientras que, en virtud del nuevo tratado, esto se reducir\u00e1 a un m\u00e1ximo del 10% y, en algunos casos, a un magro 2%. M\u00e1s a\u00fan, en lo que respecta a otros impuestos, el tratado fija estas tasas contra futuros cambios unilaterales.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">De igual forma, para una empresa chilena que arrienda equipos desde Estados Unidos -lo que a menudo constituye una forma indirecta de transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica- el tratado establece un impuesto m\u00e1ximo de retenci\u00f3n del 2%. En la mayor parte de los casos, las empresas chilenas actualmente s\u00f3lo pagan el 1,75%, destaca Kana, pero, para aquellas que pagan hasta un 35%, ser\u00e1 una gran beneficio.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><IMG style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; MARGIN: 5px; FLOAT: left; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid\" class=mceItem alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/sites\/default\/files\/Hector-Lehuede-E_Cover3_10.jpg\" width=188 height=188>El tratado tambi\u00e9n representa una gran ganancia para la competitividad de los exportadores estadounidenses de servicios. En la actualidad, ellos est\u00e1n sujetos a un impuesto de retenci\u00f3n en Chile de hasta el 35%, el que, en muchos casos, disminuir\u00e1 a cero una vez que el tratado entre en vigencia.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Pero la desventaja en la que se encuentran algunos exportadores estadounidenses de servicios es a\u00fan mayor de lo que estas cifras sugieren. La trampa, se\u00f1ala Lehued\u00e9, es que el impuesto de retenci\u00f3n se aplica sobre el valor bruto de los servicios vendidos mientras que, en Estados Unidos, se aplica s\u00f3lo al impuesto a la renta sobre sus ganancias netas de manera que el cr\u00e9dito tributario al que tienen derecho ah\u00ed usualmente corresponde a s\u00f3lo una fracci\u00f3n de lo que ya han pagado en Chile.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En otras palabras, el tratado los eximir\u00e1 de una elecci\u00f3n desagradable entre subir sus precios para proteger sus resultados o recortar sus m\u00e1rgenes con el fin de competir con empresas de pa\u00edses que ya cuentan con tratados para evitar la doble tributaci\u00f3n con Chile.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Para los exportadores de servicios tanto de Estados Unidos como de Chile, el tratado tambi\u00e9n ayuda al definir por primera vez la importante pregunta de qu\u00e9 entienden los dos pa\u00edses como un \u201cestablecimiento permanente\u201d. Esto es importante debido a que ser \u201cpermanente\u201d en el otro pa\u00eds implica responsabilidad respecto de sus impuestos a la renta y de retenci\u00f3n, m\u00e1s que s\u00f3lo la tributaci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds desde donde se generaron los servicios.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Para pa\u00edses con los que Estados Unidos no tiene un tratado tributario, el nivel (que hay que alcanzar) para ser considerado \u201cpermanente\u201d es bastante bajo y f\u00e1cil de activar, admite Corwin. Y la situaci\u00f3n no es tan diferente en Chile, a\u00f1ade Lehued\u00e9.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">Sin embargo, una vez que el tratado entre en vigencia, tanto las empresas de servicios como las personas que ofrecen servicios profesionales estar\u00e1n en una posici\u00f3n m\u00e1s s\u00f3lida. Ellos sabr\u00e1n que, siempre y cuando no tengan una oficina o sucursal en el otro pa\u00eds, pueden pasar hasta 183 d\u00edas ah\u00ed en un per\u00edodo de 12 meses sin correr el riesgo de ser clasificado como \u201cpermanentes\u201d.<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">\u201cEntregar certeza es una de las principales funciones de los tratados tributarios\u201d, destaca Corwin. Tambi\u00e9n lo es proteger a los contribuyentes de una doble tributaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de la clara asignaci\u00f3n de derechos tributarios entre los dos pa\u00edses, a\u00f1ade. Si bien la prueba del tratado entre Chile y Estados Unidos estar\u00e1 en su implementaci\u00f3n, este parece cumplir con estos dos requerimientos, en donde el desarrollo econ\u00f3mico de Chile ser\u00eda el principal posible beneficiario.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>Ruth Bradley<\/STRONG> es corresponsal en Santiago de The Economist.<\/P><br \/>\n<TABLE style=\"WIDTH: 607px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-table-lspace: 7.05pt; mso-table-rspace: 7.05pt; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-top: 319.55pt\" border=1 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left><br \/>\n<TBODY><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 455.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm\" vAlign=top width=607 colSpan=3><br \/>\n<P style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Ejemplos de Cambios en virtud del Tratado Tributario entre Chile y Estados Unidos<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">&nbsp;<STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\" lang=EN-US><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">ANTES<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 167.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=223><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\" lang=EN-US><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">DESPU\u00c9S<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Remesas de ganancias sobre la inversi\u00f3n extranjera directa en Chile<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">35% (17% impuesto corporativo + 35% impuesto de retenci\u00f3n \u2013 cr\u00e9dito por<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>impuesto corporativo)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 167.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=223><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\" lang=EN-US><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Sin cambios<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Aranceles para servicios provistos desde Estados Unidos a Chile<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Impuesto de retenci\u00f3n en Chile de hasta el 35% del valor bruto de los servicios<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 167.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=223><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Se redujo en muchos casos al 0%, siempre y cuando la empresa estadounidense no tenga operaciones<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>permanentes en Chile<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Arriendo de equipos por parte de una empresa estadounidense a una empresa chilena<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Impuesto de retenci\u00f3n, usualmente por un 1,75%, pero puede ascender hasta el 35%<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 167.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=223><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\" lang=EN-US><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Fija un m\u00e1ximo del 2%<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Regal\u00edas pagadas a una empresa estadounidense por una empresa chilena <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Impuesto de retenci\u00f3n del 30% (15% para software)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 167.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=223><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Se rebaj\u00f3 desde un m\u00e1ximo del 10%<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><br \/>\n<TR><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Remesas de dividendos desde Estados Unidos a Chile<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">&nbsp;<STRONG style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 144.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=192><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL>Impuesto de retenci\u00f3n <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\" lang=EN-US>del 30%<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><br \/>\n<TD style=\"BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 167.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt\" vAlign=top width=223><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">Se redujo al:<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype; FONT-SIZE: small\">&#8211;<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">5% para tenedores de participaciones de al menos un 10% <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype; FONT-SIZE: small\">&#8211;<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">15% para tenedores de<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>participaciones m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 319.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype; FONT-SIZE: small\">&#8211;<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES-CL\" lang=ES-CL><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: small\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Palatino Linotype\">0% para los fondos de<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>pensiones<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><\/TBODY><\/TABLE><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><br \/>\n<P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><STRONG>&nbsp;<\/STRONG><\/P><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the midst of the freezing weather that has hit Washington D.C. over the last few months, there was, at least, one very quick thaw. In just a few short days in December, a proposed tax treaty between the United States and Chile that had been on ice for almost ten years was warmed back to life.<\/p>\n<p>The main outline of the agreement on avoidance of double taxation had long been clear, says Liselott Kana, head of international taxation at Chile\u2019s national tax service, the Servicio de Impuestos Internos (SII). And, after the two countries signed their free trade agreement in 2003, it seemed the natural next step.<\/p>\n<p>After all, the U.S. has double taxation agreements with almost 70 countries, including not only its major trading partners but also small economies like Sri Lanka, Tunisia and Armenia. In Latin America, it has had an agreement in place with Venezuela since 1999.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, Chile\u2019s network of tax agreements &#8211; although not as comprehensive as its free trade agreements &#8211; is pretty broad, covering most European and other Latin American countries as well as Canada. So why not the United States?<\/p>\n<p>The problem was a lack of the safeguards that the U.S. deemed necessary to ensure that its nationals wouldn\u2019t use Chilean bank accounts to evade tax in their home country. Rules on the confidentiality with which banks must treat clients\u2019 information are the most common impediment to tax treaties, notes John Murphy, vice-president for international affairs at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in Washington.<\/p>\n<p>They are, for example, one of the reasons that the U.S. doesn\u2019t have a tax treaty with Brazil &#8211; \u201cthe only trillion-dollar economy with which we don\u2019t have an agreement,\u201d points out Murphy.<\/p>\n<p>Insistence on these safeguards is not just a whim of the United States. Chile\u2019s tax talks with Australia also stalled for the same reason and other countries, with which Chile signed agreements in the 1990s, have since taken a tougher stance.<\/p>\n<p>But this barrier to the Chile-U.S. tax treaty was removed in October when &#8211; as a condition for Chile\u2019s accession to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) &#8211; the Chilean Congress approved a bill giving the SII new powers to access information about transactions through bank accounts and to share it with tax authorities in other countries.<\/p>\n<p>This paved the way for Chile and the U.S. to sign their long-awaited agreement on February 4. Praising Chile\u2019s economic record, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner hailed the deal as marking the start of \u201ca new chapter in the strong economic relationship between the United States and Chile.\u201d<br \/>\n<strong>Putting the treaty to work<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Still requiring ratification by Congress in both countries, the treaty probably won\u2019t come into force until the beginning of next year. However, companies in Chile and the U.S. are already looking at what it means for them and how they can use it to their advantage.<\/p>\n<p>The hope, of course, is that it will boost bilateral investment and, particularly, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by U.S. companies in Chile. Over the past 35 years, since Chile started to open its economy, the United States has been by far its largest foreign investor, accounting for around a quarter of total inflows under the DL 600 Foreign Investment Statute. However, after reaching amounts of around US$ 1 billion a year from the mid-1990s through to 2001, FDI in Chile by U.S. companies has since cooled to half that amount or less (although it did pick up to US$ 3.7 billion in 2009 when retail giant Walmart acquired control of Chile\u2019s D&amp;S supermarket chain).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This drop reflects global trends &#8211; principally, the growing importance of China as a magnet for FDI &#8211; but, \u201cat the margin, the U.S.-Chile tax treaty will be important,\u201d suggests Murphy. His view is echoed by Franco Brzovic, a tax lawyer and partner at P\u00e9rez Donoso y C\u00eda, a Santiago law firm. \u201cTaxation isn\u2019t the\u00a0main factor but it is one of the items on the check list that companies look at when deciding where to invest,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>One advantage that will kick in immediately, even before the treaty comes into force, is the new shine it puts on Chile\u2019s international image. Alongside its recent accession to the OECD, that may seem a minor matter but \u201cthe U.S. is very selective about who it signs tax treaties with,\u201d notes Kana.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the agreement sets Chile apart from other South American countries. Except for Venezuela, the U.S. doesn\u2019t have a tax treaty with any other country in the region and \u201cthat gives Chile an edge in its bid to develop as a regional business platform,\u201d points out H\u00e9ctor Lehued\u00e9, chief tax advisor at the Finance Ministry under the government of former president Michelle Bachelet.<\/p>\n<p>But, in more tangible terms, it will also do away with \u201ca little noticed but very real disadvantage for Chile in the eyes of U.S.-based multinationals,\u201d says Murphy. At first sight, that seems odd since the treaty will not change the tax on profits remitted from Chile to the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>In most countries, including the United States, withholding tax on profit remittances is additional to the income tax paid by the company on those earnings. However, under Chile\u2019s so-called \u201cintegrated system,\u201d corporate income tax &#8211; charged at a rate of 17% &#8211; serves as a credit against a 35% withholding tax.<\/p>\n<p>So, in other words, companies investing in Chile end up paying only 35% on profit remittances. And, as in its tax talks with other countries, Chile\u2019s negotiators defended this rate tooth-and-nail in negotiations with the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOther countries don\u2019t lower their corporate income tax in treaties, only their withholding tax,\u201d points out Lehued\u00e9, \u201cand we don\u2019t lower our withholding tax because our integrated system means that, for foreign investors remitting profits, it is already equivalent to zero.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>By eliminating double taxation &#8211; or the hoops previously needed to avoid it &#8211; the treaty will, however, increase the competitiveness of the Chilean subsidiaries of U.S. companies, strengthening their position in intra-company bidding processes to supply global contracts. And that, in turn, will make investment in Chile more attractive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Other side of the coin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chilean companies that invest in the U.S. are liable to federal and state income taxes that, although varying depending on the state or states in which they do business, usually range from 33% to 35%.<\/p>\n<p>Then, if they remit their earnings back to Chile as dividends, they are charged a further 30% withholding tax. And, because that tax doesn\u2019t permit any deductions, it\u2019s levied on a pretty high base, explains Manal Corwin, international tax counsel at the U.S. Treasury.<\/p>\n<p>Chile would have liked the U.S. to reduce this withholding tax to zero for all Chilean companies, says Kana, but achieved this only in the case of pension funds. For investors holding at least a 10% stake in the company paying dividends &#8211; or, in practice, FDI investors &#8211; it will drop to 5% and, for smaller stakes, to 15%.<\/p>\n<p>There is also another advantage for Chilean investors in the U.S., says Charles Kimber, corporate affairs and marketing director at Arauco, one of the country\u2019s leading forestry companies. Some of the expatriate employees at its U.S. subsidiary currently get hit by double taxation but, once the treaty comes into force, will be able to credit the taxes they have paid there against liabilities in Chile, he anticipates.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, by simplifying taxes, the treaty offers a potential gain for small Chilean companies in the U.S., adds Kimber.<\/p>\n<p>Arauco, which has annual sales of around US$ 400 million in the U.S., is structured in such a way that the price at which its U.S. subsidiary pays the Chilean parent company for the wood products it markets there is clear and backed by transfer-price studies carried out by international auditors.<\/p>\n<p>But what of small companies that can\u2019t afford such studies? They run the risk of suddenly finding themselves asked to pay U.S. income tax not only on their margin in the U.S. but also on the difference between their costs in Chile and the price at which they sell to their U.S. subsidiary, points out Kimber.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Service exports<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For Kana, however, reductions in taxes on royalties and fees for services may prove to be the new treaty\u2019s single most important benefit for Chile. \u201cIt will greatly facilitate the transfer of technology from the U.S. to Chile,\u201d she notes.<\/p>\n<p>At present, a Chilean company paying royalties to the U.S. is subject to a withholding tax of 30% (or 15%, in the case of software) whereas, under the treaty, this will be reduced to a maximum of 10% and, in some cases, a mere 2%. Moreover, as with other taxes, the treaty locks in these rates against future unilateral changes.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, for a Chilean company that rents equipment from the U.S. &#8211; often an indirect form of technology transfer &#8211; the treaty locks in a maximum withholding tax of 2%. In most cases, Chilean companies currently pay only 1.75%, notes Kana, but, for those paying up to 35%, it will be a big break.<\/p>\n<p>The treaty also represents a huge gain for the competitiveness of U.S. service exporters. They are currently subject to a Chilean withholding tax of up to 35% which will, in many cases, drop to zero once the treaty comes into force.<\/p>\n<p>But the disadvantage at which U.S. service exporters currently find themselves is even larger than these figures suggest. The catch, says Lehued\u00e9, is that the withholding tax is levied on the gross value of services sold whereas, in the U.S., they are liable only for income tax on their net profits so the tax credit they are entitled to there is usually only a fraction of what they have already paid in Chile.<\/p>\n<p>The treaty will, in other words, free them from an unpalatable choice between raising their prices to protect their bottom line or cutting their margin in order to compete with companies from countries that already have a double taxation avoidance treaty with Chile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For service exporters from both the U.S. and Chile, the treaty also helps by defining for the first time the important question of what the two countries understand as a \u201cpermanent establishment.\u201d This is important because being \u201cpermanent\u201d in the other country entails liability to its income and withholding taxes, rather than just the taxation of the country from which the services were generated.<\/p>\n<p>For countries with which the U.S. does not have a tax treaty, the threshold for being considered \u201cpermanent\u201d is fairly low and easy to trip, admits Corwin. And the situation isn\u2019t so different in Chile, adds Lehued\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Once the treaty comes into force, however, service companies as well as individuals offering professional services will be on firmer ground. They will know that, providing they don\u2019t have an office or branch in the other country, they can spend up to 183 days there in a 12-month period without running the risk of being classed as \u201cpermanent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cProviding certainty is one of the primary functions of tax treaties,\u201d notes Corwin. So too, she adds, is protecting taxpayers from double taxation through the clear allocation of tax rights between the two countries. Although the proof of the Chile-U.S. treaty will be in its implementation, it appears to fulfill both these requirements, with Chile\u2019s economic development as its main potential beneficiary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ruth Bradley<\/strong> is the Santiago correspondent of The Economist.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 607px; border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-table-lspace: 7.05pt; mso-table-rspace: 7.05pt; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-top: 115.9pt;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 455.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"607\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Examples of Changes under the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">\u00a0<strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">BEFORE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 167.3pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"223\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">AFTER<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Remittance of earnings on U.S. foreign direct investment in Chile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">35% (17% corporate tax + 35% withholding tax \u2013 credit for corporate tax)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 167.3pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"223\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Unchanged<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Fees for services provided from the U.S. to Chile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Withholding tax in Chile of up to 35% of gross value of services<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 167.3pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"223\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">In many cases, reduced to 0%, providing the U.S. company does not have permanent operations in Chile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Rental of equipment by U.S. company to Chilean company<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Withholding tax, usually 1.75% but up to 35%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 167.3pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"223\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Locks in maximum of 2%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Royalties paid to U.S. company by Chilean company<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Withholding tax of 30% (15% for software)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 167.3pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"223\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Reduced to maximum of 10%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Remittance of dividends from U.S. to Chile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">\u00a0<strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 144.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Withholding tax of 30%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 167.3pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"223\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">Reduced to:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype; font-size: small;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">5% for holders of stakes of at least 10% <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype; font-size: small;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">15% for smaller stakes <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: 115.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype; font-size: small;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Palatino Linotype;\">0% for pension funds<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">En medio de las temperaturas extremadamente bajas que afectaron a Washington D.C. durante los \u00faltimos meses, hubo al menos un brev\u00edsimo descongelamiento.<!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3402","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Evitando la Doble Tributaci\u00f3n Avoiding a Double Tax Bill - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/evitando-la-doble-tributacion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evitando la Doble Tributaci\u00f3n Avoiding a Double Tax Bill - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En medio de las temperaturas extremadamente bajas que afectaron 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