{"id":3375,"date":"2010-03-04T12:25:43","date_gmt":"2010-03-04T12:25:43","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2015-03-16T18:06:04","modified_gmt":"2015-03-16T21:06:04","slug":"emprendimiento-exitoso-2","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/emprendimiento-exitoso-2\/","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Emprendimiento Exitoso <!--:--><!--:en-->Successful Entrepreneurship<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Amazon ha sido tan exitosa? Y \u00bfcu\u00e1les son las lecciones para los emprendedores de Am\u00e9rica Latina? Esas son dos de las preguntas que <strong>bUSiness CHILE<\/strong> formul\u00f3 a Diego Piacentini, vicepresidente senior de negocios internacionales de la firma minorista online, durante su reciente visita a Chile.<\/p>\n<p>Italiano de origen, ahora residente en Estados Unidos, Piacentini se uni\u00f3 a Amazon en 2000 y ha llegado a conocer a emprendedores en Am\u00e9rica Latina a trav\u00e9s de Endeavor, una organizaci\u00f3n sin fines de lucro que promueve el emprendimiento. Como miembro de su consejo asesor, ha sido mentor de una empresa chilena de Internet, Betazeta, y ha participado en dos de las reuniones -la \u00faltima celebrada en Chile- en las que Endeavor selecciona a emprendedores prometedores para recibir orientaci\u00f3n, tener un mentor y obtener otras formas de respaldo no financiero.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A su juicio, \u00bfcu\u00e1les son los principales desaf\u00edos para los emprendedores en Am\u00e9rica Latina en comparaci\u00f3n con Estados Unidos?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No tienen que ver con el emprendimiento per se. Hay emprendedores incre\u00edbles en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Creo que tienen que ver con el acceso al financiamiento: cr\u00e9dito y capital de riesgo. Comparar\u00eda la situaci\u00f3n en Am\u00e9rica Latina con la de algunos pa\u00edses en el sur de Europa como Grecia, Espa\u00f1a y Portugal.<\/p>\n<p>Eso es especialmente cierto excepto en el caso de Brasil, porque su potencial -como el de India y China- es tan alto que atrae mucho capital extranjero e innovaci\u00f3n. El desaf\u00edo est\u00e1 m\u00e1s en pa\u00edses del tama\u00f1o de Chile y Colombia (\u2026), donde uno esperar\u00eda financiamiento local o respaldo de la banca local para las empresas locales.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La necesidad de que las industrias locales de capital de riesgo financien el emprendimiento y la innovaci\u00f3n es una cuesti\u00f3n antigua en pa\u00edses como Chile. \u00bfQu\u00e9 cree usted que retrasa su desarrollo?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Voy a especular, pero en el mundo anglosaj\u00f3n y en algunos pa\u00edses escandinavos, hay una mayor propensi\u00f3n al riesgo y, desde un punto de vista comercial, cometer errores es algo totalmente aceptable. Esa es la mayor diferencia que encontr\u00e9 al trasladarme de Italia a Estados Unidos. Esa cultura general ayuda al desarrollo de la cultura de capital de riesgo, ya que como usted sabe, los capitalistas de riesgo logran ganancias en base a una porci\u00f3n muy peque\u00f1a de sus inversiones y -bueno- la mayor\u00eda es s\u00f3lo un intento.<\/p>\n<p>Y luego est\u00e1 el tama\u00f1o. El mercado estadounidense es tan grande y vibrante, y tambi\u00e9n es por eso que uno ve muchos inversionistas de capital de riesgo yendo a China. Amazon est\u00e1 en China y me impresiona la cantidad de inversionistas de capital de riesgo que simplemente est\u00e1n arrojando dinero en empresas locales, buenas o malas. Ello recuerda a los a\u00f1os 1997, 1998 y 1999 en Estados Unidos cuando todos colocaban dinero en empresas de Internet sin pensar siquiera si ellas eran buenas o malas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>De modo que van por mal camino\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bueno, eso no lo s\u00e9&#8230; Fuera de ese caos, de ese desorden, quiz\u00e1s algunas empresas buenas sobrevivir\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Usted dijo que hay buenos emprendedores en Am\u00e9rica Latina, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pasa con su propensi\u00f3n al riesgo?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La de los emprendedores de las 10 empresas con las que me he reunido hasta ahora, es muy alta; un par de ellos ven\u00edan de quiebras.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Entonces, \u00bfqu\u00e9 los hace distintos?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de ellos han estudiado en Estados Unidos o Inglaterra, pero principalmente en Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfD\u00f3nde ve las oportunidades en Am\u00e9rica Latina en estos momentos? \u00bfA d\u00f3nde deber\u00edan estar mirando los emprendedores?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Esto no es de un sector espec\u00edfico. No obstante, habr\u00e1 oportunidades en tecnolog\u00eda. Si uno est\u00e1 en pa\u00edses como Chile, Colombia o Ecuador, que no son lo suficientemente grandes para atraer a empresas de Estados Unidos u otras partes, habr\u00e1 espacio para que las empresas locales desarrollen sus habilidades concentr\u00e1ndose en el mercado local. En Endeavor, he visto de todo desde empresas que desarrollan tecnolog\u00eda para m\u00e1quinas de neonatolog\u00eda en hospitales hasta empresas de Internet y compa\u00f1\u00edas que desarrollan software para sistemas de localizaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En Estados Unidos., el comercio electr\u00f3nico minorista corresponde a cerca del 6% de las ventas minoristas totales. \u00bfC\u00f3mo ve el crecimiento de esa cifra?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En alg\u00fan momento, corresponder\u00e1 a entre un 15% y un 20% del comercio total, pero demorar\u00e1 10 o 15 a\u00f1os en llegar a ese nivel. Ahora, en algunos sectores, ya es superior a eso. En libros, probablemente equivale a cerca del 25% en Estados Unidos y casi al mismo porcentaje para los DVD.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfEso va a seguir aumentando en esos sectores?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed, pero no olvide que muchas de esas operaciones se van a volver digitales sin importar lo que pase. Los libros seguir\u00e1n existiendo, de entre los 350.000 t\u00edtulos que est\u00e1n disponibles en Amazon tanto en papel como en Kindle, 48 de cada 100 compras son de Kindle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfY eso en apenas dos a\u00f1os?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El Kindle se lanz\u00f3 en junio del 2007 de modo que son dos a\u00f1os y medio. Se ha expandido much\u00edsimo m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que pensamos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el secreto del \u00e9xito de Amazon?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dir\u00eda que estar concentrado desde el d\u00eda uno en asegurarnos de que el cliente est\u00e9 feliz con su compra. Ahora, usted dir\u00e1 que cualquier empresa dice eso, pero nosotros en realidad lo hacemos. Desde el d\u00eda uno, cuando un cliente llam\u00f3 para decir que un libro no lleg\u00f3, no le pedimos que llene un formulario. Simplemente le reenviamos el libro, a\u00fan si es culpa del servicio de correo.<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, todos nuestros sistemas de software se desarrollaron al interior de la compa\u00f1\u00eda. Formamos cada l\u00ednea de c\u00f3digo, manteniendo en mente qu\u00e9 es lo correcto para el cliente. Por ejemplo, si usted ordena por adelantado un DVD y, para cuando lo enviamos, el precio ha bajado, autom\u00e1ticamente le cobramos el precio m\u00e1s bajo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1nto de la operaci\u00f3n de Amazon es internacional?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Norteam\u00e9rica, incluido Canad\u00e1, corresponde al 52%; el otro 48% es internacional. Nuestros sitios internacionales est\u00e1n en Reino Unidos, Francia, Alemania, Jap\u00f3n y China.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 han comenzado a vender otros productos como abarrotes?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vendemos de todo; no hay nada que usted no pueda comprar en Amazon. De hecho, los libros ya no corresponden a la mayor parte de nuestro negocio, sino lo que denominamos electr\u00f3nica y mercader\u00eda general.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfPero los abarrotes no son un negocio diferente?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cierto, pero si a uno le gusta comprar en un lugar confiable y puede comprar cualquier cosa, uno compra cualquier cosa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfDe modo que Amazon se dispone a convertirse en una tienda por departamentos online?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Somos una tienda por departamentos online.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Usted obviamente disfruta de trabajar en Amazon; \u00bfque es lo m\u00e1s entretenido?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Obviamente nuestro crecimiento, pero tambi\u00e9n el sentido de innovaci\u00f3n, de cosas cambiando. De una forma u otra, Amazon ha cambiado la manera en que la gente compra y la forma en que los clientes esperan que sus requerimientos se satisfagan. De modo que muchas cosas que inventamos ahora se han convertido en el est\u00e1ndar, como los comentarios que entregan los clientes sobre los productos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ruth Bradley<\/strong> es corresponsal en Santiago de The Economist.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Why has Amazon been so successful? And what are the lessons for Latin American entrepreneurs? Those are two of the questions that <strong>bUSiness CHILE<\/strong> put to Diego Piacentini, senior vice-president for international business at the online retailer, during his recent visit to Chile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An Italian now based in the United States, Piacentini joined Amazon in 2000 and has got to know entrepreneurs in Latin America through Endeavor, a non-profit organization that promotes entrepreneurship. As a member of its advisory board, he has been mentoring a Chilean Internet company, Betazeta, and has participated in two of the meetings &#8211; the latest in Chile &#8211; at which Endeavor selects promising entrepreneurs to receive guidance, mentoring and other forms of non-financial support.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>What do you see as the main challenges for entrepreneurs in Latin America as compared to the United States?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">They\u2019re not about entrepreneurship per se. There are amazing entrepreneurs in Latin America. I believe they have to do with access to financing &#8211; credit and venture capital. I\u2019d compare the situation in Latin America to that in some countries in southern Europe like Greece, Spain and Portugal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That\u2019s especially true outside Brazil because its potential &#8211; like that of India and China &#8211; is so high that it attracts a lot of foreign capital and innovation. The challenge is more in countries the size of Chile and Colombia\u2026 where you\u2019d expect local financing or local banking support for local companies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The need for local venture capital industries to finance entrepreneurship and innovation is an old story in countries like Chile. What do you think holds back their development?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I\u2019m going to speculate but, in the Anglo-Saxon world and in some Scandinavian countries, there is higher propensity to risk and making mistakes from a business standpoint is totally acceptable. That\u2019s the biggest difference I found in moving from Italy to the U.S. That overall culture helps the development of the venture capital ethos because, as you well know, venture capitalists make money on a very small portion of their investments and the majority are &#8211; well &#8211; just an attempt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">And then there\u2019s size. The U.S. market is so big and vibrant and that\u2019s also why you see so many venture capitalists going to China. Amazon is in China and I\u2019m impressed with the number of venture capitalists that are just throwing money at local companies &#8211; good or bad. It\u2019s reminiscent of 1997, 1998 and 1999 in the U.S. when everyone was throwing money at Internet companies without even thinking about whether they were good or bad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>So they\u2019re heading for trouble\u2026?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Well, I don\u2019t know about that&#8230; Out of that chaos, that mess, maybe some good companies will survive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>You say that there are good entrepreneurs in Latin America. What about their propensity to risk?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Of the entrepreneurs at the ten companies I\u2019ve met with so far, it\u2019s very high; a couple of them came from failures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>So what makes them different?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The majority of them have studied in the U.S. or England, and mostly in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Where do you see the opportunities in Latin America at the moment? Where should entrepreneurs be looking?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It\u2019s not sector-specific. There are, however, going to be opportunities in technology. If you\u2019re in countries like Chile, Colombia or Ecuador, which are not big enough to attract U.S. or other foreign companies, there\u2019s going to be room for local companies to develop their skills focusing on the local market. In Endeavor, I\u2019ve seen everything from companies developing technology for neonatology machines in hospitals to Internet companies and companies developing software for geographic location systems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>In the U.S., e-tail currently accounts for around 6% of total retail sales. How do you see that figure growing?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At some point, it\u2019s going to be 15-20% of total commerce but it\u2019s going to take 10 or 15 years to get there. Now, in some sectors, it\u2019s already more than that. In books, it\u2019s probably about 25% in the U.S. and about the same for DVDs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Is that going to continue increasing in those sectors?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yes, but don\u2019t forget that many of those businesses are going to go digital no matter what. Books will continue to exist but, out of the 350,000 titles that are available at Amazon both in paper and on Kindle, 48 out of 100 purchases are on the Kindle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>And that\u2019s in just two years?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Kindle was launched in June 2007 so it\u2019s two and a half years. It has grown way faster than we thought.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>What\u2019s the secret of Amazon\u2019s success?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I\u2019d say that being focused from day one on making sure that the customer is happy with his purchase. Now, you\u2019d say that every company says that but we\u2019ve actually done it. From day one, when a customer called to say a book hadn\u2019t arrived, we didn\u2019t ask him to file an application. We\u2019d just reship the book, even if it was the postal service\u2019s fault.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Also, all our software systems were developed in-house. We built every single line of code, keeping in mind what\u2019s the right thing for the customer. For example, if you pre-order a DVD and, by the time we ship, the price has dropped, we automatically charge you the lower price.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>How much of Amazon\u2019s business is international?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">North America, including Canada, accounts for 52%; the other 48% is international. Our international sites are in the UK, France, Germany, Japan and China.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Why have you started selling other products such as groceries?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We sell everything; there\u2019s nothing you cannot buy on Amazon. In fact, books are no longer the majority of our business, but what we call electronics and general merchandising.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>But aren\u2019t groceries a different business?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">True, but when you start to like shopping in a trusted place and you can buy anything, you do buy anything.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>So Amazon is set to become an online department store? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We are an online department store.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>You obviously enjoy working at Amazon; what\u2019s most fun about it? ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obviously our growth, but also the sense of innovation, of changing things. One way or another, Amazon has changed the way people shop and the way customers expect satisfaction. So many things that we invented have now become standard, like customers\u2019 reviews.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ruth Bradley<\/strong> is the Santiago correspondent of The Economist.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Amazon ha sido tan exitosa? Y \u00bfcu\u00e1les son las lecciones para los emprendedores de Am\u00e9rica Latina? Esas son dos de las preguntas que <strong>bUSiness CHILE<\/strong> formul\u00f3 a Diego Piacentini, vicepresidente senior de negocios internacionales de la firma minorista online, durante su reciente visita a Chile.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-3375","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Emprendimiento Exitoso Successful Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/emprendimiento-exitoso-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emprendimiento Exitoso Successful Entrepreneurship - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Amazon ha sido tan exitosa? 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