{"id":10247,"date":"2017-09-15T09:40:53","date_gmt":"2017-09-15T12:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amchamchile.cl\/?p=154135"},"modified":"2017-09-25T17:52:49","modified_gmt":"2017-09-25T20:52:49","slug":"adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154138 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"493\" height=\"319\" \/><\/p>\n<p>En Chile, 85% de los adultos mayores es autovalente, pero s\u00f3lo un tercio de ellos mantiene un trabajo remunerado. Una situaci\u00f3n que, sumada a la decreciente tasa de natalidad nacional, en el largo plazo podr\u00eda afectar la cobertura de todas las plazas laborales necesarias para el desarrollo del pa\u00eds, y que plantea el reto, tanto a los generadores de las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas como a la sociedad en su conjunto, de definir nuevas y mejores formas de inclusi\u00f3n de este segmento en el mercado laboral.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Por Claudia Mar\u00edn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los 60 a\u00f1os marcan en Chile una l\u00ednea definitiva: comienza la tercera edad. A las seis d\u00e9cadas de vida, las mujeres ya pueden jubilar y los hombres, que deben esperar a los 65 a\u00f1os, se aprontan a hacerlo tambi\u00e9n. Sin embargo, las bajas pensiones y el alto costo de vida que enfrentan los adultos mayores est\u00e1n llevando a cada vez m\u00e1s personas a permanecer en el mercado laboral, generando a su vez una serie de desaf\u00edos para lograr su inclusi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Pero no s\u00f3lo eso. La necesidad del pa\u00eds, en el mediano plazo, deber\u00eda llevar a estimular a un n\u00famero creciente de adultos mayores a postergar su retiro o a seguir trabajando luego de \u00e9l: los c\u00e1lculos indican que en 2050 un cuarto de los habitantes ser\u00e1 adulto mayor, proyecci\u00f3n que abre las puertas a una realidad desconocida para Chile, que hasta hace poco gozaba de una poblaci\u00f3n creciente y principalmente joven. En 1960, una mujer ten\u00eda en promedio poco m\u00e1s de cinco hijos y ahora, en cambio, nacen menos ni\u00f1os y la vida se extiende por m\u00e1s a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>Durante 2014 se contabilizaron casi 251 mil nacimientos y la tasa de fecundidad lleg\u00f3 a 1,85, mientras que la esperanza de vida en el pa\u00eds, seg\u00fan la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se elev\u00f3 a 80,5 a\u00f1os, encabezando la longevidad en la regi\u00f3n y ubic\u00e1ndose por sobre la media del mundo, que alcanza los 71,4 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>Es m\u00e1s, seg\u00fan la directora del \u00e1rea incidencia de Fundaci\u00f3n Oportunidad Mayor, Consuelo Moreno, hacia 2025 en Chile habr\u00e1 un mill\u00f3n m\u00e1s de jubilados que en la actualidad, puntualizando que, si se toma la tasa de ocupaci\u00f3n promedio a 2014, \u201cpodr\u00edamos inferir que en los pr\u00f3ximos diez a\u00f1os se abrir\u00e1n 680 mil nuevos puestos de trabajo que el mercado deber\u00e1 ser capaz de cubrir. Pero si consideramos las tasas de creaci\u00f3n de empleo actuales y los bajos \u00edndices de natalidad, lo m\u00e1s probable es que se alcance a llenar s\u00f3lo un tercio de las vacantes que dejar\u00e1n las personas que se jubilen en esta d\u00e9cada\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso, la integraci\u00f3n de la tercera edad es clave. Actualmente, de los poco m\u00e1s de tres millones de adultos mayores que tiene Chile, seg\u00fan la Encuesta Casen 2015, casi un tercio se encuentra ocupado. De acuerdo a datos del Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas (INE) para el trimestre m\u00f3vil mayo-julio de este a\u00f1o, en el rango etario que va entre los 60 y 64 a\u00f1os, donde casi 62% de ellos trabaja (cifra que se increment\u00f3 10% en un a\u00f1o). Luego, este n\u00famero llega a 42% en los individuos de entre 65 y 70 a\u00f1os, con un incremento de casi 8% en el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o, y a 16,4% entre los mayores de 70, grupo que mostr\u00f3 un crecimiento de poco m\u00e1s de 3%. Y si se observa que, a nivel general, la tasa de participaci\u00f3n subi\u00f3 s\u00f3lo de 58,3% a 59,5%, se constata que este es uno de los segmentos poblacionales que m\u00e1s est\u00e1 elevando su presencia en el mercado laboral.<\/p>\n<p>El director del Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor (Senama), Rub\u00e9n Valenzuela, explica que esta situaci\u00f3n responde, por una parte, a las bajas pensiones que alcanzar\u00edan a menos de 40% del sueldo que las personas ten\u00edan antes de jubilar, y que configuran la necesidad de complementar la jubilaci\u00f3n con otros ingresos. Pero, adem\u00e1s, delinea otra raz\u00f3n que va m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de lo material: la necesidad de mantenerse activos, continuar siendo independientes y sostener sus redes de contactos.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154139 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"545\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cEst\u00e1 demostrado que mientras las personas mayores se mantienen en el mercado laboral, sus enfermedades f\u00edsicas y mentales disminuyen por la capacidad que genera continuar en estos espacios y mantener los v\u00ednculos entre las personas\u201d, se\u00f1ala Valenzuela.<\/p>\n<p>Al respecto, son esclarecedores los datos que mostr\u00f3 la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida en la Vejez, realizada en 2016 por la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica y la Caja Los Andes: 66% de los adultos mayores se\u00f1al\u00f3 trabajar por una necesidad econ\u00f3mica, pero un alto porcentaje (69,2%) de quienes trabajan dijo que seguir\u00edan haci\u00e9ndolo, incluso si no tuvieran la necesidad econ\u00f3mica de hacerlo, y 79,4% afirm\u00f3 que lo que hace en su trabajo actual le agrada mucho.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, el asociado de Ossand\u00f3n Abogados y especialista en temas laborales, Jorge Alfaro, advierte que una persona que empieza a ser considerada de la tercera edad tiene la mayor barrera en su propia vejez, \u201cya que, de una forma u otra, existe una concepci\u00f3n que proviene incluso de lo institucional, y que considera a priori que una persona sobre los 60 a\u00f1os est\u00e1 en el ocaso de su vida productiva, lo que finalmente es una discriminaci\u00f3n. Se ha aceptado que el sistema no est\u00e1 pensado para acceder al trabajo, sino que para jubilar. El adulto mayor parecer\u00eda dejar de ser sujeto, sino que es, m\u00e1s bien, el objeto de la asistencia estatal\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>En ese sentido, es importante destacar la labor de Fundaci\u00f3n Las Rosas, que recibe a los ancianos de los percentiles m\u00e1s pobres del pa\u00eds y que aborda su labor desde otra \u00f3ptica. La entidad, que acoge a personas de la tercera edad con diversos problemas de salud y cuya gran mayor\u00eda (95% de 2.200 residentes) tiene alg\u00fan grado de dependencia, ha encarado el trabajo siguiendo la visi\u00f3n de la OMS de \u201cenvejecimiento activo\u201d: un proceso que busca optimizar las oportunidades de salud, participaci\u00f3n y seguridad de una persona, con el fin de mejorar la forma en que envejece.<\/p>\n<p>En esa l\u00ednea, la directora de salud de Fundaci\u00f3n Las Rosas, Claudia R\u00edos, explica que, atendiendo su realidad, buscan que sus residentes tengan una vejez con calidad. \u201cCada uno de los adultos mayores que vive en nuestros hogares tiene un programa de actividades, individual, que busca potenciar sus habilidades f\u00edsicas e intelectuales y estimularlo a hacer cosas que llenen su esp\u00edritu, mejoren su autoestima y aumenten sus capacidades\u201d, comenta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Capacitaci\u00f3n es clave <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No obstante, el ingreso o mantenci\u00f3n de los adultos mayores en el mercado laboral enfrenta varias complejidades. Por una parte, ellos est\u00e1n buscando jornadas m\u00e1s flexibles o m\u00e1s cortas. Y por otra, hay temas de educaci\u00f3n y capacitaci\u00f3n que los dejan en desventaja frente a los m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes.<\/p>\n<p>De acuerdo a las cifras del Ministerio del Trabajo, obtenidas sobre la base de la nueva encuesta nacional de empleo, la mayor parte de los trabajos de la tercera edad se realiza en el \u00e1rea de comercio, sector en el cual se desempe\u00f1a 28% de las mujeres mayores de 60 a\u00f1os y 16,3% de los hombres de m\u00e1s de 65 a\u00f1os. En tanto, 18,5% de las mujeres trabaja en servicio dom\u00e9stico en hogares privados y 21,2% de los hombres se desenvuelve en el rubro de la agricultura.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154140 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_4-1024x705.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"411\" height=\"281\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cLa mayor\u00eda de los ancianos que trabajan, lo hace en el sector informal desempe\u00f1\u00e1ndose como trabajadores independientes o en puestos de trabajo de bajos salarios. Una situaci\u00f3n que, por supuesto, no es exclusiva de Chile y que es la regla en la mayor\u00eda de los mercados emergentes, donde los j\u00f3venes suelen ser mucho mejor educados que los mayores\u201d, explica el presidente de la organizaci\u00f3n estadounidense Global Aging Institute, Richard Jackson. Detalla que mientras 84% de los chilenos de entre 20 y 39 a\u00f1os ha completado al menos los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os de la educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica, s\u00f3lo 44% de los mayores de 65 a\u00f1os lo ha hecho.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEn Brasil, las cifras comparables son 67% y 22%, mientras que en M\u00e9xico, 71% y 16%. La buena noticia es que esta brecha de habilidades se ir\u00e1 cerrando gradualmente a medida que los segmentos m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes y mejor educados de trabajadores suban la escala de edad. Mientras tanto, los gobiernos pueden ayudar financiando programas de capacitaci\u00f3n laboral para trabajadores mayores\u201d, agrega.<\/p>\n<p>En el Senama complementan que hasta hace poco exist\u00edan algunas barreras para la capacitaci\u00f3n de la tercera edad, referidas a algunos requisitos adicionales que las instituciones ped\u00edan para que pudieran estudiar, como seguros que s\u00f3lo entregaban cobertura hasta los 60 a\u00f1os y que eran indispensables para cualquier curso del Servicio Nacional de Capacitaci\u00f3n y Empleo (Sence). Hoy, en cambio, las empresas aseguradoras cubren mucho m\u00e1s que los 60 a\u00f1os originales, explica Valenzuela.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPara un curso Sence, una aseguradora ofrece alternativas para personas de hasta 70 a\u00f1os o 75 a\u00f1os, que era algo que encarec\u00eda anteriormente la capacidad de las personas de capacitarse\u201d, especifica.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, en opini\u00f3n de Consuelo Moreno de Fundaci\u00f3n Oportunidad Mayor, el tema de la capacitaci\u00f3n a\u00fan no est\u00e1 resuelto, ya que, a su juicio, existe una \u201cgrave discriminaci\u00f3n\u201d por edad en casi todos los programas de formaci\u00f3n que ofrece el Sence, \u201cpues tienen topes de edad que dejan fuera a las personas mayores de nuestro pa\u00eds\u201d. Los programas Bono Trabajador Activo y de Certificaci\u00f3n de Competencias Laborales, ejemplifica, benefician a mujeres hasta los 60 y a hombres hasta los 65 a\u00f1os; mientras que los programas Formaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo y Transferencias al Sector P\u00fablico favorecen a personas hasta los 65 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Temas pendientes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Este escenario evidencia que algunos de los desaf\u00edos por resolver son generar espacios laborales para las personas mayores, avanzar en romper la brecha digital y superar ciertas rigideces en el mercado laboral que impiden, por ejemplo, una mayor flexibilidad horaria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLa falta de flexibilidad en el marco regulatorio laboral impide que se contrate por menos de 20 horas, cuando lo que el adulto mayor busca es contar \u2013en la mayor\u00eda de las ocasiones\u2013 con un incremento de lo que percibe como pensi\u00f3n\u201d, comenta Jorge Alfaro, de Ossand\u00f3n Abogados. Adem\u00e1s, se\u00f1ala, existen subsidios para la contrataci\u00f3n de j\u00f3venes, pero no para la de adultos mayores.<\/p>\n<p>En ese sentido, seg\u00fan Consuelo Moreno, una de las grandes barreras que obstaculizan el ingreso de este grupo al trabajo es la posible p\u00e9rdida de la Pensi\u00f3n B\u00e1sica Solidaria. Si una persona con este beneficio cuenta con un empleo formal, se arriesga a perder el puntaje exigible para recibirlo, \u201cdesincentivando la b\u00fasqueda de trabajo y estimulando la realizaci\u00f3n de labores informales en condiciones muy precarias con bajos ingresos\u201d, argumenta.<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, el salario m\u00ednimo legalmente menor al del resto de los trabajadores requiere, a su juicio, modificar la Ley 20.935 para aumentar este ingreso y as\u00ed equipararlo al de cualquier persona mayor de 18 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154141 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_3-1024x596.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"292\" \/><\/p>\n<p>En cuanto a la legislaci\u00f3n, el investigador senior del Centro Latinoamericano de Pol\u00edticas Econ\u00f3micas y Sociales (Clapes UC), Juan Bravo, suma la arista de las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas: \u201cuna ley de teletrabajo es un desaf\u00edo clave que no ha sido abordado, no se ha priorizado crear un marco legal que genere certidumbre en el caso de los formatos de trabajo remoto. Hay una serie de aspectos que deben ser regulados para evitar vac\u00edos legales que inhiban estos tipos de contrataci\u00f3n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>A nivel internacional, Estados Unidos ha dado muestras de avances en este sentido. Para Richard Jackson del Global Aging Institute, hay dos acontecimientos que han impulsado el aumento constante de la participaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n activa de ese pa\u00eds en los \u00faltimos dos decenios: la aplicaci\u00f3n de una s\u00f3lida legislaci\u00f3n contra la discriminaci\u00f3n por edad y la adopci\u00f3n, por parte de los empleadores, de normas de trabajo m\u00e1s flexibles adaptadas a las necesidades de los trabajadores de m\u00e1s edad.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTambi\u00e9n ha ayudado, por supuesto, que la generaci\u00f3n de trabajadores que ahora alcanzan la vejez es la m\u00e1s educada en la historia de Estados Unidos. La brecha de habilidades que complica el contratar a los empleados de m\u00e1s edad en Chile y otros mercados emergentes no es un obst\u00e1culo tan grande en Estados Unidos y otros pa\u00edses desarrollados\u201d, aclara Jackson.<\/p>\n<p>En Chile, en tanto, seg\u00fan el abogado Jorge Alfaro, un programa de integraci\u00f3n adecuada debe incluir el incentivo al empleador y al trabajador, quien tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda ser un emprendedor, de manera que pueda mantener su actividad m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los 60 a\u00f1os. Tambi\u00e9n deber\u00eda considerar la flexibilidad de jornada y de forma de pago de las remuneraciones, as\u00ed como la creaci\u00f3n de programas de capacitaci\u00f3n y potenciaci\u00f3n de sus habilidades laborales y tecnol\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n<p>Asimismo, hay que mejorar el acceso al mercado financiero para darles la posibilidad de independizarse desarrollando negocios propios.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cambio de mirada<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lo cierto es que la incorporaci\u00f3n de la tercera edad en el mercado laboral exige no s\u00f3lo cambios legales, sino tambi\u00e9n culturales, puesto que \u201chay una especie de estigma instalado en nuestra sociedad, de asociar la vejez con aspectos negativos y que se traduce en los temas de la cotidianeidad, como el abandono, por ejemplo\u201d, analiza el director del Senama. A\u00f1ade que, en este sentido, se requiere que esta mirada de la vejez vaya cediendo paso a un envejecimiento activo en las comunidades donde se desenvuelven los adultos mayores, \u201ccon familias que los cuidan y con un Estado presente cuando se requiere, frente a personas que est\u00e1n abandonadas y m\u00e1s vulnerables que otras\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>En este punto, la directora del Programa Adulto Mayor de la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica, Macarena Rojas, hace notar la importancia de comprender que como pa\u00eds \u201cdebemos avanzar en cambiar la mirada que tenemos sobre las personas mayores, quienes hoy cada vez est\u00e1n m\u00e1s presentes y empoderadas en muchos \u00e1mbitos, entre ellos, el laboral\u201d. Precisa que la apertura de las posibilidades laborales de los mayores debe ser vista como una oportunidad de desarrollo, m\u00e1s que s\u00f3lo como una soluci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica. Por ello, llama a no dejar de lado los desaf\u00edos pendientes que como sociedad tenemos respecto al desarrollo de la seguridad social y \u201cque nos permita jubilar con mayor tranquilidad econ\u00f3mica\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Como parte de este necesario cambio de perspectiva, un estudio desarrollado por la OTIC de la C\u00e1mara Nacional de Comercio junto con la Universidad de Santiago y el Sence, arroj\u00f3 que 96% de las empresas de retail, servicios y turismo est\u00e1 dispuesto a contratar adultos mayores, destacando atributos como su compromiso, responsabilidad, orientaci\u00f3n a la excelencia, puntualidad, bajo nivel de ausentismo y, sobre todo, su optimismo, entre los aspectos m\u00e1s valorados.<\/p>\n<p>Y es que, poco a poco, la tercera edad va ganando espacios y derribando barreras, cimentando un camino que en pocas d\u00e9cadas los tendr\u00e1 como protagonistas de un mercado laboral totalmente diferente, que tendr\u00e1 que dar un giro a la inclusividad y renovarse ya no con los m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes, sino con la experiencia de los mayores. Los desaf\u00edos para eso, sin embargo, tienen que resolverse hoy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bajos ingresos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El Senado chileno acaba de ratificar la Convenci\u00f3n Interamericana sobre la Protecci\u00f3n de los Derechos Humanos de las Personas Mayores, documento que establece y resguarda los derechos de la tercera edad y que, de hecho, se\u00f1ala en su art\u00edculo 18 que \u201cla persona mayor tiene derecho al trabajo digno y decente y a la igualdad de oportunidades y de trato respecto de los otros trabajadores, sea cual fuere su edad\u201d, obligando a los Estados que lo suscriben a adoptar medidas para impedir la discriminaci\u00f3n laboral de la persona mayor.<\/p>\n<p>En esa l\u00ednea, el acuerdo precisa que \u201cel empleo o la ocupaci\u00f3n debe contar con las mismas garant\u00edas, beneficios, derechos laborales y sindicales, y ser remunerado por el mismo salario aplicable a todos los trabajadores frente a iguales tareas y responsabilidades\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, la realidad en el pa\u00eds es otra: la ley establece un sueldo m\u00ednimo para las personas mayores de 65 a\u00f1os de $ 192.230, es decir, 25% menos que el sueldo m\u00ednimo del resto de los trabajadores. Y, aunque en promedio los hombres mayores de 65 a\u00f1os ganan $ 510 mil al mes, lo cierto es que la mitad de ellos obtiene mensualmente menos de $ 256 mil. La situaci\u00f3n de las mujeres es todav\u00eda m\u00e1s preocupante: mientras su sueldo promedio es de $ 263 mil, la mitad de ellas gana $ 160 mil o menos, una diferencia que hace patente la brecha salarial entre ambos g\u00e9neros, la cual est\u00e1 presente en el mercado del trabajo chileno en general. La justificaci\u00f3n para este nivel de sueldos radica en las necesidades especiales que los adultos mayores tienen respecto a su jornada laboral, en la que buscan mayor flexibilidad horaria, entre otros aspectos. Sin embargo, se contrapone con el alto costo de vida que afecta a este segmento de forma particular. Seg\u00fan el IPC de la tercera edad, que elabora el Centro Latinoamericano de Pol\u00edticas Econ\u00f3micas y Sociales (Clapes UC), en julio de este a\u00f1o este indicador aument\u00f3 2% anual, mientras que la inflaci\u00f3n a nivel agregado fue de 1,7%, lo que significa que el aumento de precios ha sido ligeramente mayor para el grupo de 60 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cUno de los elementos clave que distingue la canasta de los adultos mayores es que la ponderaci\u00f3n del gasto que hacen en salud es alrededor del doble que el resto de la poblaci\u00f3n. Y la inflaci\u00f3n anual de la divisi\u00f3n salud en el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o fue 4%, superior al 1,7% promedio. Por lo tanto, esta alza de precios afecta en mayor medida a los adultos mayores\u201d, acota el investigador senior de Clapes UC, Juan Bravo.<\/p>\n<p>Tal situaci\u00f3n es crucial en el empobrecimiento de los adultos mayores, quienes son jefes de un tercio de los hogares del pa\u00eds, cifra que ha aumentado en m\u00e1s de 10% desde 1990, seg\u00fan la encuesta Casen 2015. De ellos, casi 20% se encuentra en situaci\u00f3n de pobreza multidimensional, es decir, que va m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la falta de ingresos, abarcando tambi\u00e9n carencias en educaci\u00f3n, salud, trabajo, seguridad social, vivienda y en su nivel de vida en general.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Retail a la vanguardia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El sector comercio es uno de los que m\u00e1s ha avanzado en la incorporaci\u00f3n de la tercera edad. Walmart Chile, por ejemplo, cree en la integraci\u00f3n y en la diversidad, entendi\u00e9ndolas como el valor de contar con colaboradores de distintos or\u00edgenes, culturas, perspectivas, ideas, naciones, grupos \u00e9tnicos, generaciones, orientaciones sexuales \u201cy todas las caracter\u00edsticas que hacen a cada uno de nosotros ser \u00fanico\u201d. Por eso, dicen tener espacio y oportunidades para todos, valorando y aceptando las diferencias individuales independientes de las condiciones personales. Esto \u201cpermite otorgar a cada colaborador, la oportunidad de aprender, crecer y avanzar, contando con el mayor potencial de cada uno\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>La Pol\u00edtica de Diversidad e Inclusi\u00f3n de Walmart Chile se ha visto reflejada en un caso particular: en el supermercado L\u00edder de Pr\u00edncipe de Gales, en la comuna de La Reina, Jos\u00e9 S\u00e1ez, de 92 a\u00f1os, trabaja en la secci\u00f3n frutas y verduras, siendo parte de la pol\u00edtica de Diversidad Generacional de Walmart. \u201cCon la ayuda de todos he salido adelante\u201d, comenta S\u00e1ez con gratitud, ya que en su opini\u00f3n el adulto mayor no es bien acogido en el \u00e1mbito laboral, porque \u201ccreen que no va a ser capaz de desarrollar el cargo que le van a dar\u201d. El gerente de Ventas Pr\u00edncipe de Gales, Francisco Eguiguren, en cambio, cree que la contribuci\u00f3n del adulto mayor \u2013que ve representado en Jos\u00e9\u2013, es que \u201cellos traen un aporte que muchas veces no hemos sido capaces de valorar y de integrar. Jos\u00e9 nos entrega conocimientos, sabidur\u00eda y experiencia. Nos da una visi\u00f3n de la vida de que no hay que tirarse al suelo y hay que reinventarse\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>En Cencosud, por otro lado, 20% de sus colaboradores tiene actualmente m\u00e1s de 50 a\u00f1os, 11% m\u00e1s de 55 a\u00f1os y 4%, m\u00e1s de 60 a\u00f1os, con la meta de tener 5% de personas mayores de 60 a\u00f1os a 2018. Una iniciativa que parti\u00f3 hace dos a\u00f1os y que contempla beneficios en salud y la disposici\u00f3n para que los mayores ocupen todo tipo de cargos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cContar con m\u00e1s de 3.700 trabajadores seniors o mayores de 50 a\u00f1os, no s\u00f3lo enriquece los equipos de trabajo por la experiencia que aportan, sino que genera ambientes complementarios, colaborativos y con una fuerte conciencia social, ya que de la interacci\u00f3n entre las nuevas generaciones \u2013los llamados millennials\u2013, y nuestros trabajadores adultos mayores, se genera un puente que nos conecta con la realidad de una sociedad actual que trabaja junta por entregar igualdad de oportunidades, independiente de muchos factores, como puede ser la edad\u201d, cuenta la subgerente de Cultura e Inclusi\u00f3n de Jumbo, Mar\u00eda Paz Franzani.[:en]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154138 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"493\" height=\"319\" \/><\/p>\n<p>While 85% of senior citizens in Chile are self-reliant, only a third are actively engaged in paid employment. This situation, in conjunction with the decreasing national birth rate, may affect the number of workers available to fill the jobs that are required for the long-term development of the country. It also poses a challenge to public policymakers and society as a whole regarding the need to create new and improved ways to boost the inclusion of older persons in the labor market.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>By Claudia Mar\u00edn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Turning 60 marks a significant milestone in Chile: the beginning of senior citizenship.\u00a0 Chilean women are able to retire at the age of 60 and men can follow suit at 65, although thoughts about retirement among the latter often begin at the six-decade landmark. Nevertheless, the low pensions and high costs of living that older persons face in Chile are resulting in increasing numbers remaining in the job market, which in turn is generating numerous challenges related to inclusion.<\/p>\n<p>In the medium term, the needs of the country mean that efforts must be geared towards encouraging a growing number of senior citizens to either postpone their retirement or remain in employment post-retirement. Projections indicate that, by 2050, one quarter of the population will be senior citizens. This requires Chile, which until relatively recently was home to a growing and primarily youthful population, to confront an entirely new demographic reality. In 1960, for example, women gave birth to an average of just over five children, whereas nowadays this number is falling in tandem with growing numbers of people living longer.<\/p>\n<p>In 2014, there were almost 251,000 births and the birth rate was 1.85. Additionally, life expectancy reached 80.5 according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which ranks Chile number one in the region and well over the global average of 71.4.<\/p>\n<p>The Director of Advocacy at Fundaci\u00f3n Oportunidad Mayor, Consuelo Moreno, states that by 2025 there will be one million more retirees than at present. By taking the average rate of employment from 2014 into account, she asserts that \u201cwe can infer that 680,000 new jobs will become available in the next ten years and that all of these must be filled. Yet, if we consider the current rate of job creation, as well as the low birth rate, the most likely scenario is that only a third of the vacancies that arise from people retiring will be filled during the coming decade\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154139 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"545\" \/><\/p>\n<p>That is why the integration of senior citizens into the labor market is so fundamental. Currently, almost a third of the more than three million older persons in Chile are in some form of employment, according to the 2015 CASEN Survey which provides a socioeconomic breakdown of the country. Data from the Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas (National Institute of Statistics) for the rolling quarter of May to July 2017 shows that 62% of individuals aged between 60 and 64 were working (a 10% increase from the same period in 2016). The figure for the 65 to 70 age range was 42%, up 8% from the previous year, while for the over 70s it was 16.4%, which marks an annual increase of just over 3%. Furthermore, since the general employment rate only rose from 58.3% to 59.5% over this period, it can be seen that senior citizens constitute one of the fastest growing sections of society in terms of their workplace presence.<\/p>\n<p>Rub\u00e9n Valenzuela, Director of the Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor (National Service for Older Persons), or Senama, states that this phenomenon can be partly explained by low pensions which can amount to less than 40% of retirees\u2019 pre-retirement salaries: a reality which creates the need for senior citizens to generate additional income to complement their pensions. However, he also notes that another reason for their post-retirement work goes beyond simple material gain and relates to the need for some older persons to remain active, independent and to maintain a network of contacts. He adds that, \u201cit has been shown that physical and mental illnesses reduce among senior citizens who stay in the labor market, primarily due to their ongoing activity and links with other people\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, data collected in the Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida en la Vejez (National Quality of Life in Old Age Survey), which was carried out in 2016 by the Universidad Cat\u00f3lica and the family compensation fund Caja Los Andes, is highly revealing. It found that 66% of senior citizens surveyed claimed to work due to economic necessity. Interestingly, a significant proportion (69.2%) of those who are working claimed that they would continue to do so even in the absence of this economic need. In addition, 79.4% stated that they feel very content to be doing their respective work.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these findings, Jorge Alfaro, associate of Ossand\u00f3n Abogados legal firm and specialist in employment affairs, warns of the most significant barrier of all confronted by those classified as a senior citizen: \u201cone way or another, there is a prevailing belief, including from the State and an a priori assumption in general, that a person over the age of 60 is in the twilight of their productive life. This is, ultimately, a form of discrimination which leads to older persons accepting that the system is designed for their retirement rather than for them to engage in employment. As such, senior citizens seem to cease to be subjects of, and instead become objects of, State assistance\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In this sense, it is important to note the efforts of Fundaci\u00f3n Las Rosas residential care foundation which houses senior citizens from the lowest income percentiles of the country and which conducts its work for an alternative perspective. The foundation cares for older persons with a range of health difficulties, the large majority of whom (95% of the 2,200 residents) have some degree of dependency. The foundation pursues its work in adherence with the WHO approach of \u201cactive aging\u201d, a process that seeks to optimize opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age.<\/p>\n<p>Claudia R\u00edos, the Director of Health at Fundaci\u00f3n Las Rosas, explains that the foundation aims to ensure that its residents enjoy a good quality of life during their old age while simultaneously taking their circumstances into account. \u201cEach one of the senior citizens living in our care homes has a schedule of individual activities designed to improve their physical and intellectual abilities and to stimulate them to do different things that nourish their spirit, enhance their self-esteem and increase their potential\u201d, she adds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Training is key <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In terms of the workplace, the ability of senior citizens to enter and remain in the labor market is confronted with a range of difficulties. On one hand, older persons tend to prefer shorter or more flexible working hours. On the other, issues of education and training can mean they are at a disadvantage compared to younger competitors.<\/p>\n<p>According to figures from the Ministerio del Trabajo (Ministry of Labor) obtained from the latest national employment survey, the majority of jobs undertaken by senior citizens relates to the commercial sector, which accounts for 28% of working women over 60 and 16.3% of working men over 65. Additional findings from the survey show that 18.5% of women from the aforementioned age group are employed as domestic workers in private homes, while 21.2% of men over the age of retirement work in the agriculture sector.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154140 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_4-1024x705.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"411\" height=\"281\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe majority of senior citizens who work do so in the informal economy as independent workers or in low-paid jobs. This situation is not unique to Chile of course and it is the general rule in emerging markets, where young persons tend to be far more educated than older people\u201d, says Richard Jackson, President of the U.S. organization, Global Aging Institute. He states that while 84% of Chileans between 20 and 39 have completed at least elementary school, the figure for over 65s is just 44%.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn Brazil, the comparable figures are 67% and 22%, while in Mexico they are 71% and 16%. The good news is that this skills gap is gradually closing as the younger and better-educated sectors are getting older. Meanwhile, governments can help by funding workplace training programs for senior citizens\u201d, says Jackson.<\/p>\n<p>Officials from Senama state that until recently there were certain barriers to training among senior citizens related to different additional requirements imposed by institutions prior to older persons being permitted to study. This includes insurance that only covered individuals up to the age of 60 and which was mandatory for any course provided by the Servicio Nacional de Capacitaci\u00f3n y Empleo (National Service of Training and Employment), or Sence. In contrast, Rub\u00e9n Valenzuela explains that insurance companies now cover well beyond the original limit of 60 years old.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor a Sence course, an insurer will offer several alternatives for people up to 70 or 75, which was something that previously impeded the ability of older persons wishing to undertake training\u201d, he notes.<\/p>\n<p>However, according to Consuelo Moreno from Fundaci\u00f3n Oportunidad Mayor, the issue of training remains unresolved. In her opinion, there is \u201cserious discrimination\u201d against older persons in almost all Sence training programs, \u201csince they have upper age limits that exclude senior citizens\u201d. For example, the Bono Trabajador Activo (Active Worker Bonus) and Certificaci\u00f3n de Competencias Laborales (Workplace Competency Certification) programs benefit women only up to the age of 60 and men up to 65; and the Formaci\u00f3n para el Trabajo (Training for Work) and Transferencias al Sector P\u00fablico (Transfers to the Public Sector) programs are aimed at people only up to 65.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pending issues<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This situation demonstrates that several of the pending challenges relate to generating workplace positions for older persons, narrowing the prevailing digital divide, and overcoming certain rigidities in the labor market that impede, for example, more flexible working hours.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the latter, \u201cthe lack of flexibility in the labor market framework impedes the recruitment of senior citizens for less than 20 hours, despite the fact that most of these older persons are simply looking to increase the amount they receive from their pension\u201d, says Jorge Alfaro, from Ossand\u00f3n Abogados. He adds that while there are subsidies for the recruitment of young persons, this is not the case for senior citizens.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, Consuelo Moreno contends that one of the main barriers impeding greater numbers of older persons from taking up work is the possible loss of the Pensi\u00f3n B\u00e1sica Solidaria (Basic Solidarity Pension). If a senior citizen takes on formal employment, they risk losing the necessary conditions required to access this pension. In turn, this \u201cdisincentivizes the search for work and encourages the rise of informal, unstable and low-paid jobs\u201d she argues.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Moreno states that law 20.935, which establishes the minimum monthly wage of older persons as lower than other groups, should be amended to raise this amount and bring it in line with the rest of the adult working population.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154141 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_3-1024x596.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"292\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Regarding legislation, Juan Bravo, senior researcher at the Centro Latinoamericano de Pol\u00edticas Econ\u00f3micas y Sociales (Latin American Center for Economic and Social Policy), or Clapes UC, looks at the issue from the perspective of new technology: \u201ca law on teleworking is a big challenge that has not been addressed and neither has priority been given to devising a legal framework to clarify matters in relation to remote forms of employment. A number of aspects need to be regulated in this regard to avoid the legal gaps that are hindering contracts being drawn up for this type of work\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>At the international level, the United States has made progress in this area. Richard Jackson from Global Aging Institute believes that two developments in particular have helped to foster a growing rate of senior citizens in the labor market in the country over the past two decades: the enactment of clear anti-age discrimination legislation, and the adoption among employers of more flexible standards adapted to the needs of older workers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOf course, it also helps that the senior citizens reaching old age are the most educated in the history of the United States. Indeed, the skills gap that impedes the recruitment of older workers in Chile and other emerging markets is not such a big obstacle in America and other developed nations\u201d, says Jackson.<\/p>\n<p>The lawyer Jorge Alfaro maintains that a suitable program of integration in Chile should focus on incentivizing both employer and worker, who could also be an entrepreneur, in such a way as to enable the latter to continue his or her employment beyond the age of 60 or 65. A program of this type should also take account of flexible working hours and pay conditions, as well as the creation of training schemes and ongoing workplace and technological skills development initiatives.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, it is important to improve access to financial markets to provide senior citizens with the chance to become more independent in terms of starting their own business.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Changing the outlook<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What is certain is that the incorporation of senior citizens into the labor market requires not only legislative but also cultural changes. According to Rub\u00e9n Valenzuela, Director of Senama, this is because \u201cthere is a certain type of stigma attached to old age in Chilean society, and this negative perception can be felt in daily life in terms of practices such as abandonment, for example\u201d. He adds that, as a result, this outlook needs to evolve in the direction of active aging across the communities in which senior citizens play a role, \u201cwhereby their families provide them with care and the State is present when needed, rather than them being abandoned and becoming more vulnerable than other sections of society\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In this regard, the Director of the Programa Adulto Mayor (Senior Citizens Program) of the Universidad Cat\u00f3lica, Macarena Rojas, notes the importance of understanding how Chile as a country \u201cmust change its outlook towards older persons, who are playing an increasingly active and empowered role in different areas, including the labor market\u201d. She says that the opening up of workplace possibilities for senior citizens should be seen as a development opportunity rather than simply an economic solution. As such, she stresses the need not to ignore the pending challenges facing Chilean society in terms of the development of social security and other related aspects \u201cwhich enable us to retire with greater economic peace of mind\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>As part of the required change in perspective, research conducted by the OTIC of the C\u00e1mara Nacional de Comercio (National Chamber of Commerce), in conjunction with the Universidad de Santiago and Sence, has shown that 96% of companies in the retail, services and tourism sectors are open to recruiting senior citizens. The research found that the most highly valued attributes by these sectors were senior citizens\u2019 commitment, responsibility, vocation for excellence, punctuality, low levels of absenteeism and, above all, optimism.<\/p>\n<p>Gradually, senior citizenship is opening up new spaces and knocking over old barriers, carving a fresh path that in a few decades will lead older persons to act as key protagonists in a completely different labor market; one that will have to give way to greater inclusivity and seek renewal not only through young persons, but also through the knowledge accrued over the years of their older, more experienced counterparts. However, to ensure that such a tomorrow is possible in the future, the pressing challenges need to be resolved today in the present.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Low salaries<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Chilean Senate has recently ratified the Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons, which establishes and safeguards the rights of senior citizens. Article 18 of the Convention stipulates that \u201colder persons have the right to dignified and decent work and to equal opportunity and treatment on the same terms as other workers, whatever their age\u201d. Therefore, the document obliges signatory States to adopt measures to prevent employment discrimination against senior citizens.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, the Convention states that \u201cthe same guarantees, benefits, labor and union rights, and pay should apply to all workers in the same employment or occupation and for similar tasks and responsibilities\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these assertions, the reality in Chile is very different. The law establishes a minimum monthly salary of CLP$192,230 for persons over 65, i.e., 25% less that the minimum salary of all other adult workers. And although men over 65 earn, on average, CLP$510,000 a month, half earn under CLP$256,000. The situation among women is even more concerning. While their average salary is CLP$263,000, half earn CLP$160,000 or less. Such statistics clearly demonstrate that the gender wage gap is present among senior citizens as well as the national labor market in general.<\/p>\n<p>Justification for these wage discrepancies relates to the special needs of senior citizens in terms of their working hours, whereby they generally seek a more flexible timetable, among other aspects. However, this contrasts with the high costs of living that affect this age group particularly acutely. According to the senior citizen \u00cdndice de Precios al Consumidor (Consumer Price Index), or IPC, which is compiled by Clapes UC, in June of this year prices rose by 2%, compared to general inflation of 1.7%. This means that the price increase has been slightly higher for persons aged 60 or over.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne of the key elements distinguishing the basket of consumer goods for older persons is that the expenditure weighting for their healthcare is around double that of the general population. And annual inflation in the health sector over the last year was 4%: much higher than the general average of 1.7%. Therefore, this price rise adversely affects senior citizens\u201d, warns Juan Bravo from Clapes UC.<\/p>\n<p>This reality is crucial in the impoverishment of older persons in Chile, who are the head of a third of all households in the country (an increase of more than 10% since 1990, according to the 2015 CASEN Survey). Of this group, almost 20% are classified as being in multidimensional poverty, i.e., poverty that goes beyond a simple lack of income and includes wide-ranging deficiencies related to education, health, work, social security, housing and general standards of living.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Retail at the vanguard<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Commerce is one of the sectors to have taken the biggest strides in the inclusion of senior citizens in the workplace. Walmart Chile, for example, believes in integration and diversity and safeguards these principles closely, since they enable the company to recruit associates from different backgrounds, cultures, nationalities, ethnicities and generations with distinct perspectives, ideas and sexual orientations, \u201cand all the characteristics that make each of us unique\u201d. That is why Walmart Chile claims to afford space and opportunity for everyone, valuing and accepting individual differences regardless of personal conditions. This approach \u201callows us to provide all associates with the opportunity to learn, grow and progress, according to the potential of each and every one\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The following case can be used to illustrate the Diversity and Inclusion Policy of Walmart Chile in action. At the Pr\u00edncipe de Gales L\u00edder supermarket in the Santiago district of La Reina, 92-year-old Jos\u00e9 S\u00e1ez works in the fruit and vegetable section as part of the company\u2019s Generational Diversity Policy. \u201cWith everyone\u2019s help, I have kept on going\u201d says S\u00e1ez, gratefully, despite his belief that senior citizens are not generally well treated in the workplace. This, he contends, is because \u201cpeople think that they (older persons) won\u2019t be able to fulfil their responsibilities\u201d. On the contrary, Francisco Eguiguren, Sales Manager at the Pr\u00edncipe de Gales store believes that the contribution of older persons, represented by Jos\u00e9, is that \u201cthey provide support that we have not always been able to value and integrate. Jos\u00e9 brings us knowledge, wisdom and experience. He gives us an outlook on life which says that rather than just giving up and walking away, you\u2019ve got to reinvent yourself and push ahead\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, 20% of all associates at Cencosud are aged over 50, with 11% over 55 and 4% over 60. Overall, the company goal is to have 5% of the workforce aged over 60 by 2018. This pro-senior citizen initiative was launched two years ago and includes a range of health benefits for workers and a provision that older persons can occupy any type of position in the company.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHaving more than 3,700 workers over the age of 50 not only enriches work teams in terms of the experience they bring, but it also gives rise to a complementary and collaborative workplace environment with a strong social conscience. This is because the interaction between the younger generation, the so-called \u2018millennials\u2019, and our older workers forms a bridge that connects everyone with the reality of modern society which seeks to ensure people work together to guarantee equal opportunities for all, regardless of differentiating factors such as age\u201d, affirms Mar\u00eda Paz Franzani, Deputy Manager of Culture and Inclusion at Jumbo.[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] En Chile, 85% de los adultos mayores es autovalente, pero s\u00f3lo un tercio de ellos mantiene un trabajo remunerado. Una situaci\u00f3n que, sumada a la decreciente tasa de natalidad nacional, en el largo plazo podr\u00eda afectar la cobertura de todas las plazas laborales necesarias para el desarrollo del pa\u00eds, y que plantea el reto, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-10247","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:] - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:] - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[:es] En Chile, 85% de los adultos mayores es autovalente, pero s\u00f3lo un tercio de ellos mantiene un trabajo remunerado. Una situaci\u00f3n que, sumada a la decreciente tasa de natalidad nacional, en el largo plazo podr\u00eda afectar la cobertura de todas las plazas laborales necesarias para el desarrollo del pa\u00eds, y que plantea el reto, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-09-25T20:52:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"35 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/\",\"name\":\"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:] - AmCham Chile\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-09-15T12:40:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-09-25T20:52:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:]\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/\",\"name\":\"AmCham Chile\",\"description\":\"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:] - AmCham Chile","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:] - AmCham Chile","og_description":"[:es] En Chile, 85% de los adultos mayores es autovalente, pero s\u00f3lo un tercio de ellos mantiene un trabajo remunerado. Una situaci\u00f3n que, sumada a la decreciente tasa de natalidad nacional, en el largo plazo podr\u00eda afectar la cobertura de todas las plazas laborales necesarias para el desarrollo del pa\u00eds, y que plantea el reto, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/","og_site_name":"AmCham Chile","article_modified_time":"2017-09-25T20:52:49+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"35 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/","url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/","name":"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:] - AmCham Chile","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg","datePublished":"2017-09-15T12:40:53+00:00","dateModified":"2017-09-25T20:52:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Viejos_2-1024x609.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/adultos-mayores-la-fuerza-laboral-del-futuro\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"[:es]Adultos mayores: La fuerza laboral del futuro[:en]Senior citizens: The workforce of the future[:]"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/","name":"AmCham Chile","description":"C\u00e1mara Chilena Norteamericana de Comercio","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/10247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/10247\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"news_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_tax?post=10247"},{"taxonomy":"user_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/user_type?post=10247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}