{"id":10245,"date":"2017-09-15T09:39:17","date_gmt":"2017-09-15T12:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amchamchile.cl\/?p=154123"},"modified":"2017-09-25T18:11:04","modified_gmt":"2017-09-25T21:11:04","slug":"puertos-2-0-la-ola-de-inversiones-y-el-debate-que-viene","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/puertos-2-0-la-ola-de-inversiones-y-el-debate-que-viene\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Puertos 2.0: la ola de inversiones y el debate que viene[:en]Ports 2.0: A wave of investment and debate on the horizon[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154124 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/pUERTOS_1-1024x724.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"514\" height=\"362\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Con inversiones en curso en torno a los US $ 900 millones en los principales terminales del norte y centro del pa\u00eds, y planes en fase de dise\u00f1o o aprobaci\u00f3n por otros US $ 600 millones, el sistema portuario vive una fase de renovaci\u00f3n que reflot\u00f3 ideas como el Puerto de Gran Escala en la zona central, abriendo tambi\u00e9n el debate en torno a cu\u00e1l es su capacidad real para cumplir las necesidades del pa\u00eds. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Por Fabiola Venegas<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tras una d\u00e9cada enfocados en consolidar los proyectos lanzados al alero del proceso de incorporaci\u00f3n de capitales privados, que tuvo lugar entre 1998 y 2007, ahora los puertos chilenos vuelven a ser el escenario de grandes inversiones de cara a los desaf\u00edos del pa\u00eds en comercio exterior, as\u00ed como en conectividad, transporte y log\u00edstica internos.<\/p>\n<p>Las inversiones en ampliaci\u00f3n, lideradas por una parte importante de los terminales p\u00fablicos y privados, totalizan casi US$ 900 millones, concentrados en los puertos de San Antonio, Valpara\u00edso, Arica e Iquique, a los cuales se suman planes futuros ya sometidos a distintas instancias de aprobaci\u00f3n, por m\u00e1s de US$ 600 millones. Estas cifras evidencian la magnitud de la reactivaci\u00f3n comercial del \u00e1mbito portuario, resultado que ha sido confirmado por los gremios de dicho sector y tambi\u00e9n de infraestructura, con proyecciones concretas al mediano plazo: la C\u00e1mara Chilena de la Construcci\u00f3n (CChC) estima que el conjunto de iniciativas para el per\u00edodo 2016-2020 sumar\u00e1 US$ 1.725 millones, y la \u00faltima aproximaci\u00f3n de la C\u00e1mara Mar\u00edtima y Portuaria (Camport) apunta a montos por US$ 2.109 millones en los a\u00f1os indicados. Estas perspectivas se est\u00e1n actualizando producto del repunte evidenciado en el presente ejercicio.<\/p>\n<p>El dinamismo actual de la industria ha reflotado el gran plan estrat\u00e9gico para llevar a Chile a las ligas mayores del comercio mundial: el Puerto Gran Escala (PGE), cuyos estudios t\u00e9cnicos para una futura construcci\u00f3n han reactivado tanto la empresa portuaria de San Antonio (EPSA) como su par de Valpara\u00edso. Se trata del tambi\u00e9n llamado \u201cmegapuerto\u201d de la zona central, para el cual se han evaluado montos de inversi\u00f3n preliminares en torno a los US$ 2.400 millones.<\/p>\n<p>El tama\u00f1o de los planes en desarrollo, aprobaci\u00f3n y dise\u00f1o, ha abierto un debate entre autoridades y expertos en varias l\u00edneas: respecto de la magnitud de la brecha de infraestructura portuaria; acerca de cu\u00e1n urgente es elevar la capacidad de los frentes para captar buques que hoy imperan en las grandes rutas mar\u00edtimas y que mueven contenedores de 12.000 o 15.000 TEUs (un TEU equivale a un contenedor 6,1 metros de largo por 2,4 metros de ancho); su relaci\u00f3n con la calidad de los servicios en los terminales nacionales, y las holguras existentes en el sistema para mejorar la eficiencia con una mejor gesti\u00f3n, antes de emprender grandes inversiones.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La carrera entre San Antonio y Valpara\u00edso<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El epicentro de los planes e inversiones sectoriales est\u00e1 en los grandes puertos de la zona central del pa\u00eds. En San Antonio, las iniciativas bordean los US$ 700 millones, monto de los recursos inyectados por las empresas concesionarias. Es el caso de Puerto Central \u2013firma ligada a los grupos Matte y Angelini, que invirti\u00f3 US$ 480 millones en un frente de atraque de 700 metros de la Costanera Espig\u00f3n\u2013, y San Antonio Terminal Internacional (STI, controlada por el grupo Luksic), que extendi\u00f3 su muelle a un total de 930 metros, incorporando ocho gr\u00faas con recursos por US$ 100 millones. \u201cEste proyecto ampli\u00f3 nuestra capacidad de carga en alrededor de 1,6 millones de TEUs\u201d, precisa Jos\u00e9 Francisco Iribarren, gerente general de STI, empresa que, en conjunto con la estatal EPSA, destin\u00f3 otros US$ 40 millones para el dragado del puerto con el fin de uniformar su profundidad a 16 metros.<\/p>\n<p>Los privados tambi\u00e9n han sido protagonistas en el puerto vecino. El concesionario Terminal Pac\u00edfico Sur Valpara\u00edso (TPS, ligado a Ultramar) concluy\u00f3 hace menos de un a\u00f1o la extensi\u00f3n de su frente de atraque totalizando 740 metros lineales, capaces de recibir dos buques portacontenedores de 325 metros. \u201cTPS ya realiz\u00f3 una inversi\u00f3n de US$ 100 millones para incrementar su capacidad de atenci\u00f3n de naves, aunque sigue desarrollando proyectos de inversi\u00f3n, el m\u00e1s reciente para dotarlo con tres nuevas gr\u00faas en 2018, con un valor de US$ 25 millones\u201d, se\u00f1ala el gerente general de la firma, Oliver Weinreich, quien destaca el aumento de 18% logrado en la capacidad operativa, a 1,3 mill\u00f3n de TEUs. Otro frente de crecimiento en esa ciudad lo aportar\u00e1 la empresa OHL, que ingres\u00f3 el segundo ap\u00e9ndice complementario al Estudio de Impacto Ambiental de un gran proyecto de ampliaci\u00f3n que involucra recursos por US$ 500 millones.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154125 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/pUERTOS_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"369\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Entre ambos puertos, se abri\u00f3 otro frente vinculado a cruceros. Un giro tradicionalmente radicado en Valpara\u00edso y que en abril sufri\u00f3 un cambio cuando San Antonio atendi\u00f3 los 1.700 pasajeros del Norwegian Sun. Esto se produjo por algunos problemas experimentados en marzo pasado en Valpara\u00edso, en el proceso de desembarco como consecuencia de un paro. De cara a la temporada 2017-2018, seis compa\u00f1\u00edas decidieron que sus cruceros internacionales llegar\u00e1n a Puerto Central a partir de octubre pr\u00f3ximo, activando las expectativas de esa ciudad. \u201cTenemos ventajas competitivas, queremos que los pasajeros se sientan identificados con nuestras instalaciones y servicios, y que nos privilegien para la pr\u00f3xima temporada\u201d, indica el alcalde de San Antonio, Omar Vera.<\/p>\n<p>Este hecho produjo la reacci\u00f3n de la Empresa Portuaria de Valpara\u00edso (EPV), que el mes pasado se comprometi\u00f3 a dise\u00f1ar una licitaci\u00f3n internacional para un terminal exclusivo para cruceros en un plazo de dos a\u00f1os y medio, dejando la puerta abierta para que el municipio participe de su gesti\u00f3n. Asimismo, OHL aprob\u00f3 la inyecci\u00f3n de US$ 1 mill\u00f3n a la concesionaria Terminal Cerros de Valpara\u00edso (TCVAL) para mejorar la atenci\u00f3n de naves de pasajeros. \u201cValpara\u00edso vive su propio proceso de renovaci\u00f3n, abri\u00e9ndose a iniciativas como el muelle exclusivo para cruceros que ser\u00e1 de un gran impacto para la econom\u00eda local y regional\u201d, enfatiza el alcalde de la capital de la V Regi\u00f3n, Jorge Sharp.<\/p>\n<p>Una rivalidad que se proyecta en las grandes estrategias de desarrollo portuario chileno y, en particular, respecto de cu\u00e1l de ellos ser\u00e1 la cabeza del Puerto Gran Escala. A distintos ritmos, EPSA y EPV han reactivado los estudios t\u00e9cnicos sobre la futura construcci\u00f3n para este megaproyecto pensado para responder a la demanda de carga de 6 millones de TEUs proyectada a 2030, seg\u00fan el Ministerio de Transportes.<\/p>\n<p>Y mientras el gobierno mantiene en suspenso su decisi\u00f3n respecto de la alternativa que elegir\u00e1, ambas empresas portuarias est\u00e1n jugando sus fichas. La m\u00e1s adelantada es EPSA, que ya ha invertido $ 9.500 millones en los estudios previos a la ingenier\u00eda de detalle que licitar\u00e1 en 2018, en paralelo a la tramitaci\u00f3n del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental que espera concluir ese a\u00f1o. De cumplirse este cronograma, en la compa\u00f1\u00eda esperan estar en condiciones de iniciar las obras de la primera etapa en el a\u00f1o 2019 en el molo de abrigo. Esto implicar\u00e1 el inicio de la construcci\u00f3n de dos terminales intermodales y semiautom\u00e1ticos que, en conjunto, tendr\u00e1n una capacidad de 6 millones de TEUs anuales con inversiones totales por US$ 3.366 millones, y apuntando a recibir la primera nave en 2026.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEstamos dise\u00f1ando una obra de infraestructura de clase mundial, con altos est\u00e1ndares de innovaci\u00f3n y elementos diferenciadores\u201d, enfatiza el presidente de EPSA, Jos\u00e9 Luis Mardones. Desde la Municipalidad de San Antonio, en tanto, ven al megapuerto con una dotaci\u00f3n de ocho sitios de atraque y movilizando el 30% de su carga a trav\u00e9s de ferrocarril, explica el secretario de Planificaci\u00f3n Comunal, Christian Ovalle.<\/p>\n<p>Por su parte, la propuesta de EPV para desarrollar el Puerto Gran Escala considera un molo de abrigo de 2.216 metros, tres sitios de atraque para buques de m\u00e1s de 367 metros de eslora y una inversi\u00f3n p\u00fablico-privada de US$ 1.495 millones en una primera fase prevista a 2026, seguidos de otros US$ 614 millones en una segunda etapa.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los aprontes de cada puerto frente al proyecto eje del sistema, la activaci\u00f3n de esta iniciativa puso foco en cu\u00e1l deber\u00eda ser su cronograma y c\u00f3mo debe sintonizar con las necesidades del pa\u00eds. Desde TPS, consideran que el PGE es una necesidad para Valpara\u00edso y toda la regi\u00f3n, m\u00e1s a\u00fan al tener en cuenta la demanda que se prev\u00e9 en el futuro, estimando que con una tasa de crecimiento de 8% anual, este complejo resulta necesario hacia el a\u00f1o 2029. \u201cHemos planteado la importancia de empujar el gran proyecto urban\u00edstico-portuario que es el Terminal en Yolanda, que es el Puerto de Gran Escala de Valpara\u00edso, como una forma de mantener la competitividad que lo ha caracterizado en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os\u201d, afirma Weinreich.<\/p>\n<p>Desde el operador de San Antonio STI matizan que, en la actualidad, los puertos de la V Regi\u00f3n tienen una sobrecapacidad del 45%, por lo que todav\u00eda existe una holgura importante para definir las caracter\u00edsticas y el mejor momento para impulsar el PGE. \u201cLa prioridad debe estar en mejorar la conectividad e infraestructura complementaria a los terminales\u201d, apunta Iribarren. Al respecto, en EPSA prev\u00e9n que la demanda de contenedores superar\u00e1 la capacidad m\u00e1xima de los puertos de la V Regi\u00f3n en 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Respecto del lugar definitivo en que se construya, el ex ministro de Obras P\u00fablicas y gerente general del Consejo de Pol\u00edticas de Infraestructura (CPI), Carlos Cruz, enfatiza que lo urgente es acelerar el desarrollo del proyecto, teniendo en cuenta que debe ejecutarse en coordinaci\u00f3n con la oferta de San Antonio, Valpara\u00edso e, incluso, el complejo Quintero-Ventanas. Aqu\u00ed lo m\u00e1s importante, dice, es considerar alternativas como \u201creforzar la idea de lo que pueden generar las aguas abrigadas el PGE, y luego ver c\u00f3mo eso conversa con los desarrollos futuros que pueda tener Valpara\u00edso, sin necesidad de entrar en mayor conflicto\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Un debate al cual se suma un activo desarrollo de iniciativas en los puertos del norte del pa\u00eds (ver recuadro) y que se inscriben en un horizonte de inversiones de US$ 4.390 millones para el per\u00edodo 2016-2025, de acuerdo con la estimaci\u00f3n de la cartera global de proyectos de las portuarias, de la CChC.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154126 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/pUERTOS_3-1024x344.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"762\" height=\"271\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Las grandes definiciones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Las dimensiones del megapuerto y las decisiones que implican, apuntan directamente a las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas. Mientras el alcalde de Valpara\u00edso, Jorge Sharp, sostiene que un proyecto de esta envergadura debe \u201cresponder a una estrategia nacional que actualmente no existe\u201d, Cruz subraya la necesidad de contar con un consejo asesor presidencial que \u201cdise\u00f1e pol\u00edticas que converjan entre s\u00ed y doten a Chile de la capacidad de infraestructura que se requiere para resolver los problemas log\u00edsticos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Desde los avances logrados en un diagn\u00f3stico \u201cglobal y compartido con m\u00faltiples actores del sector\u201d, el subsecretario de Transportes, Carlos Melo, sostiene que la autoridad ha sentado las bases de \u201cun conjunto de objetivos que requieren trabajar en \u00e1mbitos como la definici\u00f3n de una institucionalidad y marco normativo que organice el conjunto del sistema, la incorporaci\u00f3n de la log\u00edstica a la planificaci\u00f3n territorial, la adaptaci\u00f3n del rol que desempe\u00f1an hoy las empresas portuarias estatales, el desarrollo de una relaci\u00f3n ciudad-puerto que genere valor compartido, la promoci\u00f3n de la eficiencia e innovaci\u00f3n en el sector log\u00edstico, y la mejora de las condiciones laborales\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Desde su directa relaci\u00f3n con el funcionamiento del sistema portuario, la Asociaci\u00f3n Log\u00edstica de Chile (ALOG) plantea la necesidad de establecer un \u201corganismo t\u00e9cnico especializado, con atribuciones similares a las de un ministerio, y que asegure pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas consistentes en el tiempo, basadas en la participaci\u00f3n de todos los actores que intervienen\u201d, indica la gerente general de este gremio, Cynthia Perisic.<\/p>\n<p>Desde Camport aseveran que el sistema log\u00edstico nacional se encuentra en un estado de estancamiento que requiere \u201cdotar a la institucionalidad de la suficiente fuerza normativa, con contrapesos que permitan controlar los avances y con la justa flexibilidad que incorpore la din\u00e1mica del sector\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>El punto cr\u00edtico de la competitividad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Un tema crucial para autoridades y expertos es determinar cu\u00e1l es el momento correcto para iniciar las futuras inversiones portuarias, en funci\u00f3n de los m\u00e1rgenes de capacidad reales del sistema, y sus grados de eficiencia y servicio. Al respecto, el International Transport Forum (organismo de la OCDE), prev\u00e9 que el aumento del movimiento global de carga ocurrir\u00e1, principalmente, en el sector mar\u00edtimo, que representar\u00e1 el 85% del total. Y en un escenario en el cual mueve m\u00e1s del 90% de su transferencia de carga a trav\u00e9s de los puertos, Chile se ubica en el segundo lugar en el \u00cdndice de Desempe\u00f1o Log\u00edstico (LPI) del Banco Mundial a nivel regional, luego de Panam\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Todo indica que la demanda sobre los servicios portuarios seguir\u00e1 creciendo de manera sostenida, tal como muestra el incremento de las exportaciones e importaciones chilenas de 8,0% y 11,6%, respectivamente, en el segundo trimestre de este a\u00f1o en relaci\u00f3n al mismo per\u00edodo de 2016, seg\u00fan el Banco Central.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEl movimiento de carga en el mundo va a aumentar, principalmente en el \u00e1mbito mar\u00edtimo, y Chile est\u00e1 llegando a niveles de eficiencia de pa\u00edses con muy buen desempe\u00f1o. Sin embargo, no se puede hacer mucho m\u00e1s en t\u00e9rminos de mejoramiento de eficiencia y ya pasa por un tema estructural\u201d, asegura Carlos Piaggio, gerente de Infraestructura de la CChC, en la misma l\u00ednea de lo se\u00f1alado por la Comisi\u00f3n Estrategia 2030 de Puertos y Log\u00edstica al advertir que, si bien el sistema portuario nacional ha sido capaz de enfrentar una competencia global cada vez m\u00e1s exigente gracias a su eficiencia, \u201c\u00e9sta tiene l\u00edmites\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNo hay que esperar hasta que se produzca el d\u00e9ficit de capacidad para empezar a planificar\u201d, recalca la ex subsecretaria de Transporte del gobierno de Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era, Gloria Hutt, quien remarca que existe evidencia de que el pa\u00eds sufrir\u00e1 un d\u00e9ficit de infraestructura al a\u00f1o 2020, y que su estrechez ya est\u00e1 afectando la competitividad de las exportaciones y los \u00edndices del pa\u00eds. Junto con destacar que las inversiones hechas por puertos y concesionarias van bien encaminadas, subraya que la eficiencia log\u00edstica \u201crequiere anticiparse a la capacidad de los muelles, pero tambi\u00e9n del funcionamiento interno y externo del sistema, de contar con m\u00e1s \u00e1reas de respaldo y seguir el modelo del Sistema Integrado de Comercio Exterior (SICEX), porque \u00e9se es el futuro de los puertos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Un enfoque menos centrado en el ritmo de las inversiones y m\u00e1s en abordar los \u201ccuellos de botella\u201d que atentan contra la eficiencia en los servicios, es el que postula Camport, gremio que advierte que las holguras existentes en los terminales portuarios \u201cse est\u00e1n desperdiciando por falta de capacidad en los accesos. Con una buena gesti\u00f3n y mejoramiento de la infraestructura existente en \u00e9stos, se podr\u00eda cubrir la demanda de los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os, e ir planificando desde ahora las inversiones que van a ser necesarias en el futuro\u201d, se\u00f1alan en la entidad que preside Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez.<\/p>\n<p>Los desaf\u00edos portuarios en el pa\u00eds son variados, al igual que las visiones sobre sus oportunidades de mejora. Para avanzar, todos coinciden en la necesidad de unificar la institucionalidad del sistema log\u00edstico-portuario a partir de una normativa com\u00fan, construida con una mirada desde los usuarios.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La competencia en el norte<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No menos din\u00e1micos que sus pares de la zona central han sido los \u00faltimos meses en los puertos de las regiones I y II del pa\u00eds, que viven un contexto en el que inciden fuertemente la movilizaci\u00f3n de minerales y las cargas de Bolivia, para las cuales los terminales chilenos representan el 50%, con 2,1 millones de toneladas y un valor de US$ 2.800 millones en 2016, seg\u00fan datos del Instituto Boliviano de Comercio Exterior. En ese escenario, la Empresa Estatal de Iquique est\u00e1 invirtiendo para recibir naves de gran calado de \u00faltima generaci\u00f3n, inyectando US$ 15 millones para reconstruir el molo del Terminal N\u00b01 da\u00f1ado por el terremoto de 2014, y una cifra similar para levantar 100 metros de frente de atraque que estar\u00edan listos este a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p>Por su parte, el Terminal Puerto de Arica (TPA) \u2013concesionaria ligada al grupo Ultramar\u2013 ha invertido US$120 millones para modernizar las instalaciones desde el inicio de su contrato en 2004, aumentando la capacidad de movilizar un mill\u00f3n de toneladas de carga anuales a tres millones de toneladas, 80% de ellas desde y hacia Bolivia.<\/p>\n<p>En la II Regi\u00f3n, el Complejo Portuario Mejillones (CPM) \u2013filial de Codelco\u2013 tiene previsto un desarrollo a gran escala que considera la construcci\u00f3n de un nuevo puerto granelero y una zona log\u00edstica y de servicios. El plan de inversiones por US$ 114 millones est\u00e1 destinado a transformar a la bah\u00eda en una plataforma log\u00edstica, y cuya primera etapa tiene previsto el inicio de las obras a fines de 2018.[:en]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154124 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/pUERTOS_1-1024x724.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"514\" height=\"362\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>With investment of around US$900 million in the main terminals in the north and center of the country, and plans currently in the design or approval stages for a further US$600 million, the port sector is undergoing a renovation phase in which ideas such as the Puerto de Gran Escala large-scale port in the central region are resurfacing. In turn, this is stimulating a new debate on the real capacity required to fulfil the needs of the country. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>By Fabiola Venegas<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Following a decade in which focus was on the consolidation of projects launched under the process of private capital incorporation between 1998 and 2007, Chilean ports are once more the stage for major investment. This phenomenon comes in response to the international-trade related challenges facing the country, as well as those concerning internal connectivity, transport and logistics.<\/p>\n<p>Investment in expansion, led significantly by public and private terminals, totals almost US$900 million and is concentrated on the ports of San Antonio, Valparaiso, Arica and Iquique. In addition to this amount, future plans have already been submitted to distinct means of approval which total over US$600 million of further investment.<\/p>\n<p>These figures demonstrate the extent of the commercial reactivation of the port sphere, and this has been confirmed by the trade associations of not only this sector, but also those related to infrastructure. Accordingly, certain concrete projections have been devised for the medium term: the C\u00e1mara Chilena de la Construcci\u00f3n (Chilean Chamber of Construction), or CChC, estimates that the total value of projects undertaken from 2016 to 2020 will reach US$1.725 billion, while the latest evaluation of the C\u00e1mara Mar\u00edtima y Portuaria (Maritime and Port Chamber), or Camport, sets the figure over the same period at US$2.109 billion. It should be noted that these projections are subject to modification due to the upturn in the current quarter.<\/p>\n<p>The current dynamism of the industry has revived the major strategic plan which aims to elevate Chile to the status of a leading player in global trade: the Puerto de Gran Escala (Large-scale Port), or PGE. The technical studies into the future construction of the PGE have reactivated interest from the leading port companies Empresa Portuario San Antonio (EPSA) and Empresa Portuario Valparaiso (EPV).\u00a0 The PGE, also known as the \u2018megaport\u2019 of the central region, has garnered preliminary investment projections of US$2.4 billion.<\/p>\n<p>The scale of the development, approval and design plans of the megaport have stimulated debate between authorities and experts on several issues. These include: the magnitude of the port infrastructure gap in Chile; the level of urgency to expand quaysides to attract the vessels that dominate global shipping routes and which are capable of transporting containers of 12,000 or 15,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), which are containers measuring 6.1 meters in length and 2.4 meters in width; and the relationship between service quality in Chilean terminals and current gaps in terms of enhancing efficiency through improved management, prior to engaging in extensive investment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The race between San Antonio and Valparaiso<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The epicenters of sector-wide plans and investment are the large ports located in the country\u2019s central region. In San Antonio, combined investment totals US$700 million from resources injected by various concessionaires. This is the case for the company Puerto Central, a firm linked the Matte and Angelini Groups, which has invested US$480 million in a 700-meter wharf at the Costanera Espig\u00f3n quayside. Similarly, the company San Antonio Terminal Internacional (STI), controlled by the Luksic Group, has extended its wharf to a total of 930 meters, incorporating eight cranes via US$100 million of investment. \u201cThis project expanded our loading capacity by about 1.6 million TEUs\u201d, says Jos\u00e9 Francisco Iribarren, General Manager of STI, a company which, in conjunction with the State-owned EPSA, has invested a further US$40 million to dredge the port in order to consolidate its depth at 16 meters.<\/p>\n<p>The private sector has also invested significantly in the neighboring port of Valparaiso. The concessionaire Terminal Pac\u00edfico Sur Valpara\u00edso (TPS), which is linked to Ultramar, concluded the extension of its wharf to 740 linear meters, enabling it to handle two container ships of 325 meters in length. \u201cTPS has already invested US$100 million to increase its ship-handling capacity, although it continues to pursue investment projects, the most recent of which will include the addition of three new cranes in 2018 at a value of US$25 million\u201d, says Oliver Weinreich, General Manager of the company. He also points out that operating capacity has been increased by 18%, to 1.3 million TEUs. Further growth in Valparaiso will be overseen by the company OHL, which has submitted a second supplementary appendix for its Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (Environmental Impact Study) in order to undertake a large-scale extension project via investment of US$500 million.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154125 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/pUERTOS_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"369\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Both ports have also opened up a joint front related to cruise ships. Traditionally, the cruise industry has been located in Valparaiso but this changed in April 2017 when San Antonio welcomed 1,700 passengers from the cruise liner, Norwegian Sun. The cruise ship docked in San Antonio due to problems experienced during disembarkation as a result of striking port workers in Valparaiso port in March. As a result, for the 2017-2018 season, six companies took the decision that their international cruise ships would dock in Puerto Central in San Antonio as of October 2017, generating new expectations in the city. \u201cWe have certain competitive advantages, we want passengers to feel at home with our facilities and services, and would like them to return here next season\u201d, says the Mayor of San Antonio, Omar Vera.<\/p>\n<p>The move by Puerto Central produced a response from EPV in Valparaiso. Last month the company committed to devising an international tender for a specialized cruise liner terminal over a period of two and half years, and is open to the possibility of the municipal government participating in its management. Similarly, OHL approved the injection of US$1 million to the concessionaire, Terminal Cerros de Valpara\u00edso (TCVAL) to improve the services provided to passenger ships. \u201cValparaiso is undergoing its own process of renovation, opening itself up to new initiatives such as the terminal for exclusive use by cruise ships, which will greatly impact the local and regional economy\u201d, states the Mayor of Valparaiso, Jorge Sharp.<\/p>\n<p>This two-city rivalry is expected to continue across all the key strategies that are targeting the development of Chilean ports, most especially in terms of which one will host the PGE megaport. Both EPSA and EPV have, at different rates, reactivated their technical studies into the future construction of this megaport, which is envisaged to meet the handling demand of 6 million TEUs projected to 2030, according to the Ministerio de Transportes (Ministry of Transportation).<\/p>\n<p>While the government finalizes its decision on the location of the PGE, both port companies are rolling the metaphorical dice. More significant progress in this regard has been made by EPSA which has invested CLP$9.5 billion in preliminary studies prior to it tendering its detailed engineering plans in 2018, in parallel with awaiting the outcome of the passage of the Environmental Impact Study which is due for completion by the end of this year. If this timeline is fulfilled, the company proposes to be ready to begin construction on the first phase of the required mole in 2019. This would involve the construction of two intermodal and semi-automated terminals which, in conjunction, will have an annual handling capacity of 6 million TEUs and total investment of US$3.366 billion. Reception of the first vessel would be scheduled for 2026.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are designing a world-class infrastructure project with high standards of innovation and various distinctive elements\u201d, declares the President of EPSA, Jos\u00e9 Luis Mardones. In turn, the perspective from the Municipality of San Antonio is explained by Christian Ovalle, the Local Planning Secretary, who foresees the megaport as including eight berths and with the capability to transport 30% of its cargo via railway.<\/p>\n<p>Alternatively, the EPV proposal for developing the PGE includes as 2,216-meter-long mole, three berths of more than 367 meters in length and public-private investment of US$1.495 billion in a first phase planned to 2026, followed by a further US$614 million in a second phase.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond the individual PGE proposals of each port, the activation of this initiative has placed several aspects in the spot light, including what the optimum timeline should be and how exactly the development should coincide with the needs of the country.<\/p>\n<p>The opinion of TPS is that Valparaiso and the wider region genuinely needs the megaport, especially given the rising demand expected in the future. With an estimated annual growth rate of 8%, the PGE is a key requirement to 2029, according to the company. Consequently, \u201cwe have outlined the importance of driving the large-scale Yolanda Terminal urban-port project, which is the Valparaiso Puerto Gran Escala, as a way of maintaining the competiveness with which the port has been characterized in recent years\u201d, states Weinreich.<\/p>\n<p>The operating company at San Antonio, STI, explains that the ports in the V Region are currently operating at 45% overcapacity, which is why there is still a significant gap in terms of defining the characteristics and optimal time for driving the PGE. \u201cPriority has to be given to improving the connectivity and complementary infrastructure of the terminals\u201d, says Iribarren. As such, EPSA predicts that container demand will exceed the maximum capacity of the ports in the V Region by 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the location of the PGE, the former Minister of Public Works and General Manager of the Consejo de Pol\u00edticas de Infraestructura (Infrastructure Policies Council), Carlos Cruz, stresses the urgency to accelerate the development of the megaport while also emphasizing the need to execute the project in coordination with the proposals from San Antonio, Valparaiso, and even the facilities at Quintero-Ventanas.<\/p>\n<p>The most important point, he states, is to consider alternatives such as \u201creinforcing the idea of what the PGE port can generate, and then seeing how this relates to future developments that may arise in Valparaiso, without the need to enter into further conflict\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>This debate is accompanied by the ongoing initiatives in the northern ports (see Snapshot), with projected investment of US$4.39 billion between 2016 and 2025 in the northern region, according to estimates from the portfolio of global port projects from CChC.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-154126 \" src=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/pUERTOS_3-1024x344.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"762\" height=\"271\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>The big definitions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The dimensions of the megaport and the decisions implied therein point directly to public policy. While the Mayor of Valparaiso, Jorge Sharp, maintains that a project of this magnitude \u201cmust follow the path laid out by a national strategy that does not yet exist\u201d, Cruz underscores the need for a presidential advisory council \u201cto devise converging policies that provide Chile with the infrastructure capacity it requires to resolve ongoing logistics challenges\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In terms of the progress achieved from a \u201cglobal and shared\u201d perspective \u201cwith multiple actors from across the sector\u201d, the Subsecretario de Transportes (Undersecretary of Transportation), Carlos Melo, says that his ministry has laid the foundations for \u201ca set of objectives that require work in several areas, including defining an institutional and regulatory framework to organize the overall system; incorporating logistics into territorial planning; adapting the current role performed by State-run port entities; developing a city-port relationship that generates shared value; promoting efficiency and innovation in the logistics sector; and enhancing employment conditions\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In light of its direct operational relationship with the port system, the Asociaci\u00f3n Log\u00edstica de Chile (Chilean Logistics Association), or ALOG, raises the need to establish a \u201cspecialized technical body with powers similar to those of a ministry, to ensure consistent public policy over the long term that is founded on the participation of all involved actors\u201d, says the General Manager of ALOG, Cynthia Perisic.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, Camport warns that the national logistics system is stagnating and that the response requires \u201cproviding public institutions with the sufficient regulatory powers, including the ability to oversee progress, along with the right amount of flexibility to incorporate the prevailing dynamism from the sector\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The importance of competiveness <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A crucial factor for authorities and experts is determining the correct moment in which to initiate future port investment, based on the real margins related to system capacity and the related levels of efficiency and service. In this regard, the International Transport Forum, an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development body, predicts that the increase in global cargo transportation will occur primarily in the shipping sector, which will constitute 85% of all freight movements. Furthermore, in a context in which the country transports more than 90% of its cargo via ports, Chile ranks second in the region in the Logistics Performance Index of the World Bank, after Panama.<\/p>\n<p>All indications point to a steadily growing demand for port services. This is demonstrated by the increase in Chilean imports and exports by 11.6% and 8.0%, respectively, during the second quarter of 2017, as compared to the 2016 period, according the Banco Central de Chile (Chilean Central Bank).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe global movement of cargo is set to rise, primarily in shipping, and Chile is achieving efficiency levels similar to very high performing countries. However, not much more can be done in terms of improving efficiency due to structural issues\u201d, argues Carlo Piaggio, Infrastructure Manager at CChC. His argument coincides with the viewpoint set out by the Comisi\u00f3n Estrategia 2030 de Puertos y Log\u00edstica (Commission for the Ports and Logistics Strategy 2030) which warns that, although the national port system has been able to confront increasingly demanding global competition due to its efficiency levels, \u201cthis has limits\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe should not wait until there is a capacity deficit to start the planning process\u201d says the former Undersecretary of Transportation during the government of Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era, Gloria Hutt. She adds that there is evidence that the country will experience an infrastructure deficit by 2020 and that this narrowing gap is already affecting the competitiveness of Chilean exports and indices. In addition to emphasizing that investment initiatives by ports and concessionaires are well underway, she states that logistics efficiency \u201crequires the anticipation of the capacity of wharfs and quays, as well as the internal and external workings of the system in general, by ensuring the provision of additional support areas in line with the model of the Sistema Integrado de Comercio Exterior (Integrated System of Foreign Trade), since this is the future of the ports\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>One approach that is less focused on the rate of investment and more on how to unblock the \u201cbottlenecks\u201d that undermine service efficiency is the one put forth by Camport. Accordingly, the Chamber, which is presided over by Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez, warns that the current gaps in port terminals \u201care creating lost opportunities due to the lack of access capacity. With good management and improvements to existing terminal infrastructure, it would be possible to meet the demand over the coming years, while also making plans for the required future investment\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The challenges facing Chilean ports are as varied as the possibilities for future improvements. To ensure progress is achieved, all actors agree on the need to unite the logistics-port system under a new institutional framework based on common regulations and designed with users in mind.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Competition from the north<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recent months at ports in the I and II Regions of the country have been as equally dynamic as those at their counterparts in the V Region. These northern ports operate in the context of the large-scale transportation of minerals and cargo from Bolivia, for which the Chilean terminals account for 50% of the total, handling 2.1 million tons with a value of US$2.8 billion in 2016, according to data from the Instituto Boliviano de Comercio Exterior (Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade). In this context, the Chilean State-run company Empresa Estatal de Iquique is investing in redevelopment work to enable the arrival of the latest generation deep-water vessels. This includes injecting US$15 million to reconstruct the mole at Terminal 1 that was damaged in the 2014 earthquake, in addition to a similar investment amount for the construction of 100 meters of wharf that is due for completion this year.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, Terminal Puerto de Arica (TPA), the concessionaire linked to Ultramar, has invested US$120 million to modernize its facilities since the beginning of its contract in 2004. This has enabled the company to increase its handling capacity from one million tons of cargo a year to three million tons, 80% of which is to and from Bolivia.<\/p>\n<p>In the II Region, Complejo Portuario Mejillones (CPM), a subsidiary of Codelco, plans a large-scale development that includes the construction of a new port for bulk carrier vessels and a logistics and services area. The investment plan of US$114 million is expected to transform the bay into a logistics platform and the first phase of construction is scheduled to begin towards the end of 2018.[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Con inversiones en curso en torno a los US $ 900 millones en los principales terminales del norte y centro del pa\u00eds, y planes en fase de dise\u00f1o o aprobaci\u00f3n por otros US $ 600 millones, el sistema portuario vive una fase de renovaci\u00f3n que reflot\u00f3 ideas como el Puerto de Gran Escala en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-10245","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>[:es]Puertos 2.0: la ola de inversiones y el debate que viene[:en]Ports 2.0: A wave of investment and debate on the horizon[:] - 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