{"id":10150,"date":"2017-07-01T11:29:03","date_gmt":"2017-07-01T14:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.amchamchile.cl\/?p=151114"},"modified":"2017-07-12T12:24:02","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T15:24:02","slug":"que-se-espera-de-la-nueva-institucionalidad","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/que-se-espera-de-la-nueva-institucionalidad\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]\u00bfC\u00f3mo funcionar\u00e1 el Ministerio de Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00eda?[:en]What is expected from the new institutional framework? [:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:es]\"\"
\nEl dise\u00f1o de una cartera que asegure un desarrollo sostenido de la ciencia y la inversi\u00f3n en I+D+I est\u00e1 en el centro del debate. Autoridades de las esferas gubernamental, parlamentaria, acad\u00e9mica y empresarial, llaman a priorizar la coordinaci\u00f3n del ecosistema y la redistribuci\u00f3n de funciones, punto en el cual ponen la mirada en el rol que jugar\u00e1 Corfo.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Por Fabiola Venegas<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Un largo tiempo ha tomado el objetivo de plasmar la idea de crear un ministerio para la ciencia, la tecnolog\u00eda y la innovaci\u00f3n en un proyecto de ley. Finalmente, el Ejecutivo ingres\u00f3 una propuesta en enero al Parlamento que en lo sustantivo apunta a mejorar la articulaci\u00f3n entre las universidades, centros de investigaci\u00f3n, empresas y el Estado, as\u00ed como a acortar la brecha entre la academia y el mundo productivo.<\/p>\n

La iniciativa establece que la futura cartera ser\u00e1 el \u00f3rgano rector encargado de orientar el desarrollo cient\u00edfico y tecnol\u00f3gico del pa\u00eds, y de las regiones a trav\u00e9s de secretar\u00edas, e incentivar el di\u00e1logo del Sistema de CTI (Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n) con los requerimientos actuales de la sociedad. Para ello, ejecutar\u00e1 las pol\u00edticas estrat\u00e9gicas siguiendo las directrices del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n para el Desarrollo, e implementar\u00e1 las medidas de corto plazo a trav\u00e9s de la Agencia de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (hoy Conicyt).<\/p>\n

A estas entidades se sumar\u00e1 un Comit\u00e9 Interministerial, presidido por el Ministro de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda quien asesorar\u00e1 al Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica en estas materias, y el cual integrar\u00e1n tambi\u00e9n los Ministerios de Econom\u00eda, Educaci\u00f3n y Hacienda.<\/p>\n

Entre las metas principales que tendr\u00e1 esta nueva institucionalidad est\u00e1 generar las condiciones para dar un salto en la calidad y monto de las iniciativas ligadas a I+D, que en 2015 representaron 0,39% del PIB ($ 607.408 millones), muy por debajo del promedio de los pa\u00edses de la Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos (OCDE) en torno a 2,38%, seg\u00fan resultados preliminares de la VI Encuesta Nacional sobre Gasto y Personal en I+D del Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Fomento y Turismo. Un desaf\u00edo de aumento del gasto que las autoridades ven urgente, pero que mientras el Ejecutivo apunta a llegar a un 1% del PIB en diez a\u00f1os, la comisi\u00f3n del Senado a cargo del tema acorta ese plazo a cuatro a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

El proyecto de ley implica un cambio de fondo en la actual estructura, la cual radica en la Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (Conicyt) el fomento de las ciencias b\u00e1sicas y aplicadas -si bien una parte de ellas, como la iniciativa Milenio dependen del Ministerio de Econom\u00eda-, mientras que las l\u00edneas de desarrollo con fines productivos est\u00e1n a cargo de Corfo. Por eso que el redise\u00f1o institucional es uno de los temas clave de la discusi\u00f3n que viene, ya que si bien existe un amplio consenso respecto de que la principal responsabilidad debe recaer en el ministerio, entre los actores del ecosistema hay visiones diferentes en cuanto a la nueva distribuci\u00f3n de funciones, especialmente en aspectos como el papel que jugar\u00e1 Corfo en ese escenario. Asimismo, tras la aprobaci\u00f3n de la idea de legislar en mayo pasado, la Comisi\u00f3n Desaf\u00edos del Futuro del Senado, que ha liderado el debate parlamentario, present\u00f3 un total de 155 indicaciones al proyecto, que van desde incluir la palabra innovaci\u00f3n en el nombre del ministerio, a la propuesta de m\u00e1s de atribuciones y competencias de fomento en este campo.<\/p>\n

Asimismo, el Ejecutivo ha ingresado 15 indicaciones de car\u00e1cter menor, y pr\u00f3ximamente las tratativas deber\u00edan abordar temas m\u00e1s de fondo relacionados justamente con innovaci\u00f3n, recursos y territorialidad. Las expectativas de los actores del ecosistema Marcando una diferencia con el perfil actual de Conicyt, acad\u00e9micos e investigadores de primera l\u00ednea esperan que el futuro ministerio asuma una dimensi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica de largo plazo con directrices para solucionar falencias en materias como la reinserci\u00f3n de profesionales que estudian en el extranjero.<\/p>\n

\u201cEst\u00e1n produciendo una generaci\u00f3n de cient\u00edficos de todas las ciencias m\u00e1s bien frustrados por no poder hacer el aporte al pa\u00eds para el cual ellos se comprometieron\u201d, subraya Mar\u00eda Teresa Ruiz, presidenta de la Academia Chilena de Ciencias.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

En esa l\u00ednea, el vicerrector de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica, Pedro Bouchon, coincide en que el nuevo ministerio debe apoyar nuevas formas de promoci\u00f3n de los talentos j\u00f3venes a trav\u00e9s de sistemas de becas que financien doctorados para el caso de trabajos realizados en conjunto con la industria. Por eso, recomienda enfocarse en dos eslabones: \u201cla formaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica y la formaci\u00f3n a nivel doctoral, que van de la mano para que Chile d\u00e9 el gran salto al desarrollo. Hoy d\u00eda estamos en el medio, en la etapa de profesionalizaci\u00f3n, que me parece adecuada\u201d.<\/p>\n

En este objetivo, Bouchon advierte la necesidad de velar por el \u00e1mbito de acci\u00f3n del director de la agencia que reemplazar\u00e1 a Conicyt, y que ese personero sea acompa\u00f1ado por un consejo asesor que monitoree su gesti\u00f3n en materias como la creaci\u00f3n de nuevos concursos y reducci\u00f3n de algunos problemas que estos presentan, como el alto n\u00famero de fallos que se generan anualmente.<\/p>\n

Desde el mundo empresarial, esperan que el MinCyT genere pol\u00edticas que propicien una conversaci\u00f3n de todas las partes involucradas para sacar adelante la I+D+i. \u201cLos incentivos a los cient\u00edficos est\u00e1n mal puestos, ya que publican y no patentan, no est\u00e1n inmersos en la realidad productiva, y no creen que la relaci\u00f3n con el empresariado es posible; sus esquemas mentales de desarrollo son distintos a los de los empresarios.<\/p>\n

Al contrario, los empresarios tampoco creen que los Ph.Ds puedan tomarse como servicios de las universidades, sino m\u00e1s bien con doctorados propios, pero tampoco los contratan porque las grandes empresas a\u00fan no sienten que los necesitan\u201d, grafica el presidente de la Asociaci\u00f3n Chilena de Empresas de Tecnolog\u00eda de Informaci\u00f3n (ACTI), Ra\u00fal Ciudad. A la fecha, s\u00f3lo 30% del gasto en I+D provino del sector privado en 2015, tendencia que se ha mantenido desde 2009, por lo cual el representante gremial postula que el gran desaf\u00edo para las empresas es elevar su porcentaje en \u00e1reas de innovaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

No obstante, existen se\u00f1ales positivas en este \u00e1mbito: en 2016 se certificaron 195 proyectos por $ 76.400 millones a partir de la Ley de Incentivo Tributario a la I+D, cifra que supera en 28% lo registrado en 2015, impulso que Corfo espera superar este a\u00f1o para alcanzar niveles en torno a $ 90.000 millones.<\/p>\n

Precisamente esta brecha es una de las tareas fundamentales para la nueva cartera. Un desaf\u00edo que el presidente de Conicyt y gestor del proyecto de ley, Mario Hamuy, ve necesario abordar a trav\u00e9s de una mejor integraci\u00f3n que resuelva los temas pendientes en materia de coordinaci\u00f3n entre las entidades a cargo, destacando el papel que jugar\u00e1 en esto el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n para el Desarrollo, que institucionaliza legalmente la entidad actual, el Consejo Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n para el Desarrollo (CNID).<\/p>\n

A trav\u00e9s de un Comit\u00e9 Interministerial, este nuevo organismo deber\u00e1 transferir las estrategias de largo plazo a la nueva cartera para su ejecuci\u00f3n mediante pol\u00edticas. \u201cLa instancia de coordinaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 creada y definida, y por las tareas que se le encomiendan, este Comit\u00e9 de Ministros tiene que producir estos productos: la pol\u00edtica y los planes de acci\u00f3n\u201d, apunta Hamuy.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1nto traspasar de Corfo?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Junto a los ejes centrales de la nueva cartera, una de las interrogantes fundamentales en discusi\u00f3n se refiere a la tuici\u00f3n que tendr\u00e1 el MinCyT en el campo de la innovaci\u00f3n, y cuya respuesta pasa por definir cu\u00e1l ser\u00e1 el papel de Corfo. De hecho, parlamentarios involucrados en esta discusi\u00f3n se\u00f1alan que una manera de agilizar la tramitaci\u00f3n parlamentaria es reasignar a la futura cartera la responsabilidad desde esa corporaci\u00f3n de instrumentos como los Hub de Transferencia Tecnol\u00f3gica y los Programas de Consolidaci\u00f3n de Oficinas de Transferencia y Licenciamiento y Formaci\u00f3n de Oficinas de Transferencia y Licenciamiento. En 2016, cada uno de estos programas manej\u00f3 un presupuesto de $ 2.628 millones, $ 1.608 millones y $ 520 millones, respectivamente.<\/p>\n

Esta y otras propuestas se han trabajado en una mesa t\u00e9cnica conformada por los senadores de la Comisi\u00f3n Desaf\u00edos del Futuro junto al Ejecutivo. En la actualidad, el gasto en innovaci\u00f3n impulsado desde Corfo se entrega a trav\u00e9s de su Gerencia de Capacidades Tecnol\u00f3gicas \u2013cuyo presupuesto super\u00f3 los $ 36.831 millones en 11 instrumentos\u2013 y la Gerencia Innova, que destin\u00f3 m\u00e1s de $ 14.900 millones al eje de I+D+i Empresarial, con un total de 82 proyectos beneficiados.<\/p>\n

Sobre esta base, distintos actores del sistema se\u00f1alan que el \u00e1mbito de acci\u00f3n de Corfo en temas de innovaci\u00f3n no est\u00e1 delimitado con la suficiente claridad en el proyecto de ley. \u201cEl proyecto dice que la innovaci\u00f3n basada en ciencia y en investigaci\u00f3n estar\u00eda dentro de este ministerio, pero no queda bien definido y es una cosa que casi queda como a la buena voluntad de la persona que est\u00e9 manejando Corfo\u201d, advierte Mar\u00eda Teresa Ruiz.<\/p>\n

Ra\u00fal Ciudad -quien tambi\u00e9n preside el Comit\u00e9 de Innovaci\u00f3n de Sofofa-, recalca que lo fundamental es que el futuro ministerio tenga la obligaci\u00f3n de generar una coordinaci\u00f3n entre el mundo cient\u00edfico y el sector privado, desaf\u00edo que no ve suficientemente abordado en el dise\u00f1o de la nueva institucionalidad. Pese a valorar el radio de acci\u00f3n de Corfo, el representante gremial cuestiona su car\u00e1cter vertical similar al de Conicyt. A su juicio, no ha existido una instituci\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de un modelo de I+D+i que permita desarrollar una estrategia nacional de desarrollo.<\/p>\n

\u201cEl Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica debe liderar la investigaci\u00f3n, desarrollo y la innovaci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds y generar las institucionalidades que sean necesarias para poder tener un plan, una estrategia nacional de desarrollo que conste de varios pasos planificados para los pr\u00f3ximos 10 a 15 a\u00f1os\u201d, subraya Ciudad.<\/p>\n

El presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Desaf\u00edos del Futuro del Senado, Guido Girardi, advierte que el dise\u00f1o de la futura estructura ministerial mantiene la dicotom\u00eda del sistema, en vez de \u201cconstruir una institucionalidad que ponga a la ciencia, tecnolog\u00eda y la innovaci\u00f3n al servicio del pa\u00eds\u201d. Y si bien no es partidario de desarticular la estructura de Corfo dedicada a este tema, el parlamentario sostiene que una alternativa ser\u00eda generar su traspaso a esta nueva institucionalidad y \u201cque est\u00e9 acompa\u00f1ado por un Consejo Interministerial donde participen el Ministro de Econom\u00eda y el Ministro de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda\u201d. La otra opci\u00f3n, indica Girardi, es mantener dos agencias coordinadas \u201cdonde una de ellas tenga de eje el desarrollo cient\u00edfico, tecnol\u00f3gico y de innovaci\u00f3n y la otra el eje productivo de una agencia, siendo coordinadas en este Consejo Interministerial\u201d.<\/p>\n

Enfoque de la innovaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Una de las indicaciones que aprob\u00f3 por unanimidad la comisi\u00f3n parlamentaria fue incluir la palabra innovaci\u00f3n al nombre del ministerio. A nivel del Consejo de Rectores de las Universidades Chilenas (CRUCH) se logr\u00f3 un consenso en incluir ese nombre en el t\u00edtulo, recuerda Pedro Bouchon. \u201cCreo que este proyecto lo aborda en cierto sentido y tenemos que ser s\u00faper enf\u00e1ticos en establecer que as\u00ed debe ocurrir\u201d, sentencia el acad\u00e9mico. Para el asesor presidencial Mario Hamuy, es mucho m\u00e1s prudente hacerse cargo de una parte de la innovaci\u00f3n, sobre todo, de aquella que es m\u00e1s cercana a la cient\u00edfica-tecnol\u00f3gica, tarea que est\u00e1 expl\u00edcita en el proyecto de ley. Lo fundamental, remarca, es que haya una coordinaci\u00f3n permanente entre el MinCyT y el Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, con pol\u00edticas coherentes entre ambas carteras.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan Hamuy, el Ejecutivo se encuentra estudiando los dos paquetes de indicaciones recibidos por la Comisi\u00f3n Desaf\u00edos del Futuro y est\u00e1 abierto a conversar para alcanzar acuerdos razonables, pero siempre a partir de la estructura que se present\u00f3 al Parlamento.<\/p>\n

El desarrollo de la ciencia en Chile tiene grandes desaf\u00edos y hoy est\u00e1 en un punto de inflexi\u00f3n, ad portas de lograr una nueva institucionalidad, lo cual ha sido deseado durante a\u00f1os por los actores del ecosistema. Ahora est\u00e1 en manos de los diversos sectores el buscar el consenso que mejor responda a las necesidades de nuestra sociedad del siglo XXI.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1s capital de riesgo <\/strong><\/p>\n

Si bien considera que los esfuerzos por articular el sistema nacional de ciencia y tecnolog\u00eda van en la direcci\u00f3n correcta \u2013con un esquema de innovaci\u00f3n emergente, una naciente industria de capital de riesgo y el impulso de Corfo\u2013 el fundador y presidente de INNSPIRAL, Iv\u00e1n Vera, advierte que la gran deuda es no tener una fuerte industria de capital de riesgo como la que existe en EE.UU. en Silicon Valley, la misma que Israel import\u00f3 para desarrollar la industria de startups tecnol\u00f3gicas. Siguiendo el pensamiento de Warren Buffet, comenta que los inversionistas en Chile jam\u00e1s invierten en lo que no entienden, y s\u00ed lo hacen en negocios que conocen bien como el retail y la construcci\u00f3n, pero no en emprendimientos digitales. Por eso, apuesta a que el rol del futuro ministerio ser\u00e1 el de impulsar la transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica, tal como sucede en el ecosistema del Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Massachusetts (MIT). Por eso, enfatiza que el primer paso es llegar a un consenso que permita la aprobaci\u00f3n de la nueva cartera en esta administraci\u00f3n.[:en]\"\"
\nThe design of a new government department to oversee the sustainable development of science and investment in R&D+i lies at the heart of the debate. Authorities from across government, Congress, academia and the business world are making calls to prioritize the coordination of the ecosystem and the redistribution of responsibilities. Only then will attention turn to the role of Corfo in the wider process.<\/strong><\/p>\n

By Fabiola Venegas<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

It has been a long-standing objective to transform the idea of an entity dedicated to science, technology and innovation into a tangible reality and new legislation. But in January 2017, the executive branch of the Chilean Government submitted a bill to Congress which aims to enhance the links between universities, research centers, businesses and the State to that effect, as well as to narrow the gap between the worlds of academia and production.<\/p>\n

The initiative establishes the future ministry as responsible for guiding nationwide scientific and technological development, including via local secretariats at the regional level. It will also be in charge of incentivizing dialogue to gauge the current requirements of Chilean society via a science, technology and innovation system. This ministry will fulfil its role by executing distinct strategic policies that will be set according to the guidelines of the National Council of Science, Technology and Innovation for Development. In addition, it will implement a series of short-term measures through the Research and Development Agency, which will replace the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT).<\/p>\n

An Interministerial Committee will also be established to advise the Chilean President on related matters. This Committee will be led by the new Minister of Science and Technology and will also include the participation of the Ministers of Economy, Education and Finance.<\/p>\n

The new institution will have a number of objectives, one of which will be to generate the necessary conditions to enhance the quality and quantity of initiatives related to research and development (R&D). In 2015, such initiatives in Chile represented 0.39% of GDP (CLP$607.408 billion), which is far lower than the average of 2.38% among member States of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This 2015 figure comes from the VI National Survey on Expenditure and Personnel in R&D compiled by the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism.<\/p>\n

The challenge of increasing public expenditure is viewed as urgent, although while the executive branch aims to reach the figure of 1% within ten years, the Senate commission in charge of this particular topic of debate views the most adequate timeframe as closer to four years.<\/p>\n

The bill to create the new ministry will imply a fundamental change to the current system. This system is primarily based on CONICYT promoting basic and applied sciences, although certain areas such as the Millennium initiative depend on the Ministry of Economy, while the development lines for productive purposes are overseen by Corfo. As a consequence, this institutional redesign is one of the key issues that will be subject to ongoing debate. Despite widespread consensus that the main responsibility for such areas should be adopted by the new ministry, actors from across the ecosystem hold different views on how to divide certain duties, especially in terms of the role to be played by Corfo.<\/p>\n

Likewise, following the approval of the idea to pass legislation on this matter last May, the Senate\u2019s Future Challenges Commission, which has led the Congressional debate, has submitted 155 amendments to the bill. These amendments have ranged from including the word \u2018innovation\u2019 in the title of the ministry, to the proposal of greater powers of promotion in this field.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Moreover, the executive branch has submitted 15 lesser amendments and discussion will soon turn to more in-depth measures related to innovation, resources and jurisdiction.<\/p>\n

Expectations of ecosystem actors<\/strong><\/p>\n

In contrast to the current profile of CONICYT, front line academics and researchers hope that the future ministry will take on a long-term political dimension with guidelines that aim to resolve shortcomings in areas such as the reintegration of professionals returning to Chile from abroad.<\/p>\n

\u201cA generation of scientists is being produced from across all the disciplines, but they are harboring a sense of frustration for not being able to contribute to the country to which they are committed\u201d, stresses Mar\u00eda Teresa Ruiz, President of the Chilean Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n

Similarly, the Research Vice President of the Universidad Cat\u00f3lica, Pedro Bouchon, agrees that the new ministry should support new ways of promoting young talent through a system of scholarships to finance doctorate studies for work undertaken in conjunction with industry. Accordingly, Ruiz highlights the importance of two key aspects: \u201ctechnical training and doctorate training going hand in hand\u201d, adding that the two together will \u201chelp Chile take the great leap towards development. Today we are in the middle, in the professionalization phase, and I think this is appropriate\u201d, he states.<\/p>\n

Towards that end, Bouchon also warns of the need to safeguard the sphere of action of the director of the agency that will replace CONICYT. He recommends that this position be accompanied by an advisory board to monitor its management on matters such as creating new competitions and reducing some of the challenges associated with such an approach, including the high number of rulings that are generated on an annual basis.<\/p>\n

From the perspective of the business world, actors expect the new ministry to devise policies that stimulate conversation between all parties involved in order to drive R&D and innovation (R&D+i) forward. At present, \u201cincentives for scientists are incorrectly aligned because they publish (their research) but do no patent. (In addition) they are not immersed in the reality of production and they do not believe that relationships with business are possible. (Consequently) their mental outlook towards development is very different to that of businesspersons\u201d, says Ra\u00fal Ciudad, President of the Chilean Association of Information Technology Companies (ACTI).<\/p>\n

\u201cOn the contrary\u201d, he continues, \u201cbusinesspersons do not believe that PhDs can be viewed as university services, but rather as doctorate degrees in themselves, and that doctoral researchers are not being recruited because large companies do not yet feel they need them\u201d. To date, only 30% of R&D expenditure came from the private sector in 2015, a trend which has been consistent since 2009. As such, the trade association representative contends that the major challenge for businesses is to increase their overall percentages in areas related to innovation.<\/p>\n

Despite such figures, there are positives in this field. In 2016, 195 projects were certified for CLP$76.4 billion from the Tax Incentives for R&D Act: a 28% rise on 2015. Corfo expects to exceed these levels for 2017, having set a goal to reach close to CLP$90 billion.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

This discrepancy is precisely one of the key tasks facing the new ministry. It is also one of the challenges that the President of CONICYT and the leading proponent\/architect of the bill, Mario Hamuy, sees as needing to be met. He claims this could be done via improved integration to resolve certain pending issues in relation to coordination between the responsible entities. This, he states, includes the key roles played by the new Council of Science, Technology and Innovation for Development, which will formally institutionalizes the current entity, the National Council of Innovation for Development (CNID).<\/p>\n

Via an Interministerial Committee, this new entity will be responsible for transferring the long-term strategies to the new ministry for their execution through appropriate policies. \u201cThe body for coordination has been created and defined, and this Interministerial Committee will be in charge of drawing up the corresponding policy and action plans according to the tasks it is conferred\u201d, clarifies Hamuy.<\/p>\n

How much will be transferred from Corfo?<\/strong><\/p>\n

In conjunction with the central tenets of the new government department, one of the key questions being discussed relates to the role of the ministry in the field of innovation. The subsequent answer to that question lies in clarifying the future role of Corfo. In fact, the members of Congress involved in this discussion indicate that one way to streamline the Congressional process is to reassign the ministry certain responsibilities from Corfo. This could, they claim, include the transfer of instruments such as the Technology Transfer Hub, as well as the program for the consolidation of Offices of Transfer and Licensing, and the program for the training of Offices of Transfer and Licensing. In 2016, each of these programs oversaw a budget of CLP$2.628 billion, CLP$1.608 billion and CLP$520 million, respectively.<\/p>\n

These and other proposals have been discussed by a technical working group composed of senators from the Senate\u2019s Future Challenges Commission and the executive branch. Currently, spending on innovation driven by Corfo is delivered through its Technology Capabilities Office, the budget of which was CLP$36.831 billion across 11 instruments, and InnovaChile, which allocated more that CLP$14.9 billion to business R&D+i, with a total of 82 project beneficiaries.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, distinct actors operating in this area point out the Corfo\u2019s sphere of action regarding innovation has not been determined with sufficient clarity in the bill. \u201cThe bill says that all innovation based on science and research will fall under the ministry, but it is not clearly defined and is somewhat dependent on the goodwill of the individual running Corfo\u201d, warns Mar\u00eda Teresa Ruiz.<\/p>\n

Ra\u00fal Ciudad, who is also a member of the Innovation Committee of SOFAFA, stresses the importance of the future ministry being obliged to oversee coordination between the field of science and the private sector. However, he believes that this area has not been suitably covered in the design of the new institutional framework. Despite his recognition of the scope of influence of Corfo, Ciudad questions the agency\u2019s vertical nature, which is similar to that of CONICYT. Indeed, he contends that there has never been an institution based on an R&D+i model that is conducive to building a national development strategy.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Chilean President should lead the research, development and innovation of the country and create the institutional framework necessary for the design of a national development plan and strategy that consists of distinct, pre-determined measures for the next 10 to 15 years\u201d, he underlines.<\/p>\n

The Chair of the Senate\u2019s Future Challenges Commission, Guido Girardi, warns that the structural design of the future ministry simply reinforces the dichotomy of the system, rather than \u201cbuilding an institutional framework that places science, technology and innovation at the service of the country\u201d. While he is not in favor of dismantling the structure of Corfo that works in this particular area, he believes that an alternative would be to ensure its transfer to the new institution, and \u201cthat this is accompanied by an Interministerial Committee which includes the participation of the Minister of Economy and the Minister of Science and Technology\u201d.<\/p>\n

Girardi claims that the alternative option is to maintain two clearly defined agencies \u201cin which one is in charge of the development of science, technology and innovation while the other adopts the more productive responsibilities of an agency, and whereby both are coordinated from this Interministerial Committee\u201d.<\/p>\n

Focus on innovation<\/strong><\/p>\n

One amendment to the bill that received unanimous approval by the Congressional committee was the inclusion of the word \u2018innovation\u2019 in the name of the ministry. A similar consensus was reached by the Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities (CRUCH), recalls Pedro Bouchon. Moreover, \u201cI think the bill covers this area (innovation) to a certain degree and we have to be very emphatic in ensuring that it does indeed materialize\u201d, he states.<\/p>\n

For the presidential advisor, Mario Hamuy, it is far more prudent for the new ministry to take on the role of promoting innovation, especially that which relates directly to the field of science and technology, which is a task that is explicitly laid out within the bill. The key aspect, he adds, is to ensure ongoing coordination between the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and the Ministry of Economy, with coherent policies that complement one another across the board.<\/p>\n

According to Hamuy, the executive branch is reviewing the two sets of amendments received by the Senate\u2019s Future Challenges Commission and is open to debate in order to reach a reasonable level of agreement, albeit one that conforms to the structure already submitted to Congress.<\/p>\n

The development of science in Chile faces a number of challenges. Crucially, today it finds itself at an inflection point in terms of successfully achieving the new institutional framework that has been so long desired by actors from across the ecosystem. It is now the responsibility of distinct sectors to seek the required consensus that will best meet the needs of Chilean society in the 21st century.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

More capital risk<\/strong><\/p>\n

Iv\u00e1n Vera, founder and President of INNSPIRAL, believes that the efforts to design a national system of science and technology in Chile are heading along the right path, with an emerging innovation blueprint, a growing risk capital industry and encouragement from Corfo. However, he warns that that major challenge is the lack of a strong risk capital industry such as that of other countries, including the United States, in Silicon Valley, and in Israel, which imported the US model to develop its own tech start-up industry.<\/p>\n

Following the line of thought of Warren Buffet, Vera states that Chilean investors never invest in something they do not understand, opting rather for areas that they do, such as retail and construction rather than, for example, digital start-ups. For this reason, he believes that the role of the future ministry should be to promote technology transfer, as is the case in the ecosystem of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Before this can happen, he points out that the very first step is to reach a consensus in approving the new ministry\u2019s framework, and to do so during this administration.[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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