{"id":10149,"date":"2017-07-01T10:59:07","date_gmt":"2017-07-01T13:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.amchamchile.cl\/?p=151105"},"modified":"2017-07-12T19:44:51","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T22:44:51","slug":"internacionalizacion-e-inclusion-desafios-del-emprendimiento-en-chile","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/internacionalizacion-e-inclusion-desafios-del-emprendimiento-en-chile\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Internacionalizaci\u00f3n e inclusi\u00f3n, desaf\u00edos del emprendimiento en Chile[:en]Internationalization and inclusion: the challenges of entrepreneurship in Chile[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:es]\"\"
\nEl pa\u00eds ha logrado posicionarse a nivel internacional como un referente en este \u00e1mbito. No obstante, diversos actores advierten la urgencia de sofisticar el ecosistema local, potenciando el salto de las startups a mercados globales, la inclusi\u00f3n de las mujeres y el desarrollo de la cadena de financiamiento.<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Por Kamila Cortez<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

En Chile s\u00f3lo existe un emprendimiento Unicornio, es decir, aquellos que est\u00e1n valorizados en US$ 1.000 millones, siendo la categor\u00eda de startups<\/em> m\u00e1s exitosas. Se trata de Crystal Lagoons, empresa fundada por Fernando Fischmann en 2007, qui\u00e9n invent\u00f3 las lagunas artificiales. Si bien, este el \u00fanico caso de \u00e9xito, hay coincidencia en que en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os el pa\u00eds se ha convertido en un referente mundial en capacidad emprendedora.<\/p>\n

Esto se confirma, por ejemplo, en el resultado del Global Entrepreneurship Index 2016, ranking<\/em> elaborado por el Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute (GEDI), con sede en Washington, que mide el estado del ecosistema de emprendimiento de 137 pa\u00edses y que ubic\u00f3 a Chile en el puesto 18, liderando a nivel regional.<\/strong><\/p>\n

El gerente subrogante de Emprendimiento de Corfo, Tadashi Takaoka, explica este avance, diciendo que a partir de 2014, de la mano de Start-Up Chile, la pol\u00edtica estatal se centr\u00f3 en completar la cadena de financiamiento, potenciar la innovaci\u00f3n, fomentar la transferencia de habilidades tecnol\u00f3gicas y sofisticar el ecosistema con soporte al emprendimiento.<\/p>\n

\u201cEra clave apoyar a los emprendedores en etapas de escalamiento y cerrar la cadena de financiamiento en momentos en que no consiguen recursos de inversionistas privados. Y, por otra parte, potenciar a distintos actores del ecosistema como coworks<\/em>, redes \u00e1ngeles y fondos de inversi\u00f3n\u201d, plantea el ejecutivo.<\/p>\n

Takaoka enfatiza que los \u00faltimos cuatro a\u00f1os tambi\u00e9n han estado marcados por el aterrizaje de esfuerzos internacionales, por ejemplo, Amazon, que comenz\u00f3 a trabajar con startups<\/em> y a ofrecer servicios en la nube. En otro \u00e1mbito, el MIT y Stanford realizaron cursos para emprendedores, y Singularity University aport\u00f3 con la realizaci\u00f3n de eventos. \u201cChile se peg\u00f3 un salto generando inter\u00e9s en el extranjero”.<\/p>\n

Takaoka destaca que entre 2011 y 2015 se financiaron 3.200 startups<\/em>. Mientras que entre 2016 y 2017 dicha cifra aumentar\u00e1 a 1.000 por a\u00f1o. \u201cDe ese portafolio anterior solo el 9% era de regiones, hoy la misma cifra llega al 32%\u201d.<\/p>\n

Diversos actores reconocen que el programa Start-Up Chile de Corfo, creado en el a\u00f1o 2010, ha sido clave no s\u00f3lo en el desarrollo de un ecosistema local, sino que ha posicionado a Chile como un referente de emprendimiento a nivel mundial.<\/p>\n

Roc\u00edo Fonseca, directora ejecutiva de Start-Up Chile, comenta que el emprendimiento “ha mejorado mucho en t\u00e9rminos de preparaci\u00f3n. Siempre han habido emprendedores que tienen la ambici\u00f3n de salir al mundo, pero antes no se ve\u00eda en la escala actual (\u2026) La digitalizaci\u00f3n y apertura les permite darse cuenta que las soluciones pueden no s\u00f3lo servir en tu pa\u00eds, sino tambi\u00e9n a otros”.<\/p>\n

Este programa, explica, ha sido un aporte en el financiamiento de fases tempranas, semilla, donde se genera la idea, se desarrolla un prototipo y se valida un producto. Luego, la l\u00ednea scale de Start-Up Chile financia firmas con productos validados que requieren escalar o salir a mercados extranjeros. No obstante, advierte, falta cubrir la fase en que un producto est\u00e1 semi validado y que todav\u00eda es de alto riesgo, una etapa que se conoce como el valle de la muerte y donde \u201chay mucho por hacer\u201d, afirma. \u201cLos Venture Capital est\u00e1n funcionando bien, pero siguen el modelo tradicional de an\u00e1lisis de negocio, con flujos de caja\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Otro de los actores que ha jugado un rol preponderante en el desarrollo del ecosistema chileno es la Asociaci\u00f3n de Emprendedores de Chile (Asech). El gremio, que hoy re\u00fane a m\u00e1s de 26 mil socios, fue creado hace cinco a\u00f1os por 40 emprendedores con el objetivo de representar a quienes est\u00e9n impulsando un proyecto propio.<\/p>\n

La presidenta de la entidad, Alejandra Mustakis, destaca que a la fecha han logrado avances claves en materia de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas, tales como la aprobaci\u00f3n de la Ley de Empresas en un d\u00eda, el impulso a la Ley de Reemprendimiento y una Reforma Tributaria adecuada a \u201cnuestra realidad\u201d.<\/p>\n

“Desde el a\u00f1o pasado estamos trabajando en un programa de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas pro emprendimiento que impulsaremos durante los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os. Entre las 10 medidas propondremos el pago de 30 d\u00edas de forma obligatoria y que el IVA sea cargado al comprador, un impuesto progresivo a la renta, dependiendo del tramo de facturaci\u00f3n de la empresa; y un sistema laboral flexible que ayude a que la empleabilidad sea de forma m\u00e1s expedita”, adelanta Mustakis.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Indicadores <\/strong><\/p>\n

Respecto de las m\u00e9tricas, una de las que existen en Chile es el proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Internacional, GEM, que se aplica en el pa\u00eds desde 2002 bajo el liderazgo de la Universidad del Desarrollo, midiendo variables como la din\u00e1mica emprendedora de la poblaci\u00f3n adulta y de regiones para detectar \u00e1reas de oportunidad que contribuyan al desarrollo de programas y pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n

Vesna Mandakovic, directora Acad\u00e9mica GEM Chile, se\u00f1ala que “no cabe duda de que el pa\u00eds ha avanzado en el fortalecimiento del ecosistema de emprendimiento e innovaci\u00f3n. La valoraci\u00f3n social hacia el emprendimiento ha aumentado significativamente en los \u00faltimos diez a\u00f1os. Hoy emprender se considera como una opci\u00f3n de carrera deseable”.<\/p>\n

Entre los resultados, la experta destaca en nueve de los doce pa\u00edses que analizan en el GEM, m\u00e1s del 60% de los emprendedores no tienen clientes en los mercados externos. En el caso de Chile, 50% de los que est\u00e1n en etapas iniciales declara no tener clientes en el extranjero.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mirada global<\/strong><\/p>\n

La internacionalizaci\u00f3n de los proyectos es justamente otra de las problem\u00e1ticas del emprendimiento local, lo que responde a un tema cultural. Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles Romo, directora ejecutiva de Endeavor Chile, organizaci\u00f3n que busca\u00a0 startups<\/em> con potencial de alto impacto, se\u00f1ala que esto es clave, pues si bien este pa\u00eds es un excelente mercado de prueba, es importante que los emprendedores se propongan aterrizar en mercados m\u00e1s grandes.<\/p>\n

“Chile es un pa\u00eds c\u00f3modo para vivir, donde se genera una zona de confort. Desde la perspectiva del emprendedor, hay varias alternativas de financiamiento en etapas tempranas, por lo tanto, no existe una urgencia de mirar el mercado internacional como una oportunidad real para escalar tu negocio”, expresa.<\/p>\n

En esta l\u00ednea, Romo afirma que EE.UU. es uno de los mercados m\u00e1s atractivos para los emprendedores locales, porque tiene un tama\u00f1o relevante, donde se est\u00e1 desarrollando mucha tecnolog\u00eda. Y desde el punto de vista de las startups<\/em>, est\u00e1n m\u00e1s avanzados en procedimientos para la evaluaci\u00f3n de una empresa, invertir en ella y en permitir que crezcan a una velocidad m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida\u201d.<\/p>\n

Y esto, es algo que se extendi\u00f3, por ejemplo, para los emprendedores que pasan por Start-Up Chile, ya que EE.UU. es el primer destino de inter\u00e9s al momento de planear la internacionalizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Brecha de g\u00e9nero <\/strong><\/p>\n

Otro de los desaf\u00edos que persiste en el ecosistema de emprendimiento local se relaciona a la brecha de g\u00e9nero. En Chile, por cada seis mujeres emprendedoras hay 10 hombres. Pero esto no es un hecho aislado, ya que la brecha se observa en todos los pa\u00edses que participan en el GEM.<\/p>\n

Desde Start-Up Chile, en tanto, se\u00f1alan que a nivel mundial s\u00f3lo 7% de proyectos de base tecnol\u00f3gica que se aceleran pertenecen a mujeres, mientras que en el pa\u00eds es de 20%.<\/p>\n

La directora ejecutiva del Programa de Corfo a\u00f1ade que en materia de financiamiento s\u00f3lo el 3% de los Venture Capital entrega recursos a mujeres cuando \u00e9stas buscan levantar financiamiento.<\/p>\n

Justamente, con el objetivo de potenciar la incorporaci\u00f3n de las mujeres en este \u00e1mbito, han surgido distintas organizaciones y programas, que tienen como foco apoyar a la mujer para que emprenda por oportunidad y no s\u00f3lo por necesidad. Entre ellas est\u00e1n Kodea, Laboratoria, Girls in Tech y el programa The S Factory, vinculado a Start-Up Chile, que buscan acercar a las mujeres en la creaci\u00f3n y desarrollo de startups<\/em> m\u00e1s sofisticadas.<\/p>\n

Desaf\u00edos del ecosistema<\/strong><\/p>\n

La presidenta de la Asech destaca que si bien hoy en Chile las condiciones para emprender son “infinitamente” mejores que hace unos pocos a\u00f1os, advierte que el ecosistema -al igual que la actividad econ\u00f3mica en general- sigue estando centralizado, lo que genera que los micro, peque\u00f1os y medianos empresarios de otras regiones deban enfrentarse a problemas que dificultan el surgimiento de sus negocios, como la falta de conectividad, tecnolog\u00eda, capacitaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica y acceso a financiamiento.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, Takaoka de Corfo, advierte que si bien, en diez a\u00f1os hemos avanzado mucho y muy r\u00e1pido a\u00fan quedan desaf\u00edos. \u201cFalta armar un mercado de equity<\/em>; profesionalizar el ecosistema con metodolog\u00eda e infraestructura en la fase de escalamiento; hay que generar un est\u00e1ndar de calidad respecto del trabajo de las startups<\/em>, para que usen directorios y trabajen con I+D; y, definitivamente, hay que seguir promoviendo casos de \u00e9xito para mostrar el impacto que hay detr\u00e1s\u201d, concluye el ejecutivo.[:en]\"\"<\/em>
\nThe country has successfully positioned itself as a leading global player in the field of entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, several actors warn of the need to enhance the sophistication of the local ecosystem, to strengthen the jump being made by start-ups to international markets, to increase the inclusion of women in the segment, and to further develop the system of financing.<\/strong><\/p>\n

By Kamila Cortez<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Chile is home to a solitary unicorn start-up, i.e., a company valued at over US$1 billion and which falls into the most successful of all the start-up categories. The unicorn in question is Crystal Lagoons, the company founded by Fernando Fischmann in 2007 which develops artificial lagoons.<\/p>\n

Although Crystal Lagoons represents the only successful example of a company in Chile with such a high valuation, the country has, coincidentally, become an entrepreneurial reference point on the global stage since Crystal Lagoons was founded ten years ago.<\/p>\n

The results of the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Index, a ranking compiled by the Washington D.C.-based Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (GEDI), exemplify Chile\u2019s strong standing in this regard. The Index measures the strength of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in 137 countries and in the 2016 edition, Chile was ranked 18th, and first at the regional level.<\/p>\n

The Acting Head of Entrepreneurship at Corfo, Tadashi Takaoka, explains that this progress can be traced back to 2014. At this time, and in conjunction with the Start-Up Chile initiative, State policy began to focus on reinforcing the system of financing, boosting innovation, strengthening the transfer of technology skills, and ensuring the overall ecosystem became more sophisticated. This was undertaken via the provision of ongoing support to entrepreneurship in general.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was crucial to support entrepreneurs throughout the phases of scaling-up and finance conclusion in order to cover the times when they were unable to secure funds from private investors. On the other hand, it was also important to foster the development of different actors within the ecosystem as co-works, angel networks and investment funds\u201d, says Takaoka.<\/p>\n

He adds that the last four years have also been marked by notable international initiatives in this field. For example, Amazon has begun to work with start-ups and to provide services in its cloud application. Similarly, MIT and Stanford University now offer entrepreneurship courses, while Singularity University has been holding regular entrepreneurship-related events. Meanwhile, Takaoka points out that \u201cChile has made significant progress (in the field), generating interest from abroad as a result\u201d. He also notes that while 3,200 start-ups received financing between 2011 and 2015, this number is expected to rise to 1,000 per year during 2016 and 2017. Moreover, while \u201conly 9% of the former were located in the regions, today this figure reaches 32%\u201d, he adds.<\/p>\n

Numerous actors recognize that the Start-Up Chile program, which was implemented by Corfo in 2010, has been key not only in developing a local ecosystem, but also in positioning Chile as an international reference point.<\/p>\n

Roc\u00edo Fonseca, Executive Director of Start-Up Chile, believes that entrepreneurship \u201chas improved greatly in terms of preparation. There have always been entrepreneurs with the ambition to go out into the world, but previously they didn\u2019t see themselves on such a big scale as now (\u2026) Digitization and openness is enabling them to realize that their solutions might be of benefit to people beyond just their own country\u201d.<\/p>\n

Fonseca contends that Start-Up Chile has helped to finance the growth of the early-stage process, in which the initial seed is planted, a prototype developed and a product validated. Subsequently, the scale-up phase of Start-Up Chile helps to finance companies with validated products that require scaling or entry into foreign markets. However, she warns that this process does not cover the early phase in which the product is partially validated but still deemed high risk; a stage known as the valley of death and in which \u201cthere is a great deal to do\u201d. \u201cVenture capitals are working well, but they are following the traditional model of business analysis, with cash flows\u201d, she affirms.<\/p>\n

Public policy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Another actor to have played a significant role in the development of the Chilean ecosystem is the Chilean Association of Entrepreneurs (ASECH). This body, which has a membership of over 26,000, was constituted five years ago by 40 entrepreneurs with the objective of representing individuals starting out on their own projects.<\/p>\n

The President of ASECH, Alejandra Mustakis, notes that, to date, the Association has made significant progress in the area of public policy, demonstrated by the passage of the Companies In One Day Act (Ley de Empresas), the promotion of the Re-entrepreneurship Act (Ley de Reemprendimiento) and a Tax Reform which adequately addresses \u201cour reality\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cSince last year we have been working on a public policy program for entrepreneurship that will be promoted over the coming years. Among the ten measures included, we propose a compulsory 30-day payment period and for value-added tax to be charged to the buyer, which is a progressive form of income tax that depends on the invoice procedure of the company in question; and a flexible working system that supports an expeditious employment process\u201d, states Mustakis.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Indicators<\/strong><\/p>\n

Regarding metrics, one study that has been measuring distinct factors related to entrepreneurship in Chile is Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). This study has been applied in the country since 2002 under the leadership of the Universidad del Desarrollo. Its aim has been to research a number of variables including the entrepreneurial dynamism of the adult population and across the regions in order to gauge areas of opportunity that may be contributing to the development of programs and policy.<\/p>\n

Vesna Mandakovic, Academic Director of GEM Chile, explains that \u201cthere is no doubt that the country has made progress in strengthening the entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem. (As a result) the social worth of entrepreneurship has increased significantly over the last ten years. Nowadays, being an entrepreneur is considered a desirable career path\u201d.<\/p>\n

In terms of the findings of this metric, Mandakovic clarifies that in the nine countries which constitute the GEM study, over 60% of entrepreneurs lack clients in foreign markets. In Chile, more specifically, 50% of those in the early stages claim to have no clients in international markets.<\/p>\n

Global outlook<\/strong><\/p>\n

The internationalization of projects is precisely one of the challenges facing local entrepreneurs, and this situation has its roots in a cultural phenomenon. Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles Romo, Executive Director of Endeavor Chile, an organization which provides support to high-impact start-ups, believes this phenomenon is a key factor. She contends that while the country is an excellent tester location, it is very important that entrepreneurs make the effort to jump into larger markets.<\/p>\n

\u201cChile is a comfortable place to live, which gives rise to the creation of a comfort zone. From the perspective of an entrepreneur, there are numerous possibilities to secure early-stage financing in the country and this means that there is no real sense of urgency to view the international market as offering genuine opportunities in terms of scaling up their company\u201d, she states.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, Romo argues that the US is one of the most attractive markets for local entrepreneurs because of its size and the fact that it is home to so much technological development. \u201cSignificantly, and from the point of view of start-ups, the US is more advanced in terms of evaluating companies, investing in them, and assisting them to grow quickly\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n

This information is not lost on the entrepreneurs passing through the Start-Up Chile program. As such, the US represents the number one destination for companies in this scheme that are seeking to establish themselves abroad for the first time.<\/p>\n

Gender gap<\/strong><\/p>\n

Another of the persistent challenges in the local entrepreneurship ecosystem relates to the gender gap. In Chile, there are six female entrepreneurs to every ten male entrepreneurs. It should be noted, however, that this gap is not unique to Chile as it is also prevalent in the other countries that constitute the GEM study.<\/p>\n

Moreover, Start-Up Chile states that only 7% of technology-based projects that the initiative helps to accelerate around the world are run by women, compared to 20% within the country itself.<\/p>\n

Roc\u00edo Fonseca adds that in terms of financing beyond Start-Up Chile, only 3% of venture capitals provide investment to women at the moment of fund raising.<\/p>\n

In response, and with the aim of strengthening the incorporation of women in this field, a number of different organizations and programs have emerged that focus of providing support to women who wish to launch a start-up, whether for opportunity or necessity. Among these are Kodea, Laboratoria, Girls in Tech and The S Factory, all of which are linked to Start-Up Chile in an effort to attract women to create and develop more sophisticated start-ups.<\/p>\n

Ecosystem challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alejandra Mustakis from ASECH affirms that while the conditions to pursue a start-up in Chile are \u201cinfinitely\u201d better than just a few years ago, she warns that the ecosystem, in addition to overall economic activity, remains highly centralized. This centralization means that entrepreneurs running their micro, small and medium-sized enterprises from areas located beyond Chile\u2019s Metropolitan Region have to confront numerous difficulties that hinder the growth of their businesses, including a lack of connectivity, technology, technical training and access to financing.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, Tadashi Takaoka from Corfo warns that although excellent progress has been made over the last ten years, a number of challenges still remain. In response, he believes that \u201cit is important to build an equity-based market\u201d, as well as to \u201cprofessionalize the ecosystem with a methodology and infrastructure in the scale-up phase; generate a quality standard regarding the work of start-ups, so that they incorporate boards of directors and conduct R&D; and, definitively, continue to promote cases of success in order to demonstrate the subsequent impact achieved\u201d.[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[:es] El pa\u00eds ha logrado posicionarse a nivel internacional como un referente en este \u00e1mbito. No obstante, diversos actores advierten la urgencia de sofisticar el ecosistema local, potenciando el salto de las startups a mercados globales, la inclusi\u00f3n de las mujeres y el desarrollo de la cadena de financiamiento.\u00a0 Por Kamila Cortez\u00a0 En Chile s\u00f3lo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-10149","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n[:es]Internacionalizaci\u00f3n e inclusi\u00f3n, desaf\u00edos del emprendimiento en Chile[:en]Internationalization and inclusion: the challenges of entrepreneurship in Chile[:] - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/internacionalizacion-e-inclusion-desafios-del-emprendimiento-en-chile\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:es]Internacionalizaci\u00f3n e inclusi\u00f3n, desaf\u00edos del emprendimiento en Chile[:en]Internationalization and inclusion: the challenges of entrepreneurship in Chile[:] - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[:es] El pa\u00eds ha logrado posicionarse a nivel internacional como un referente en este \u00e1mbito. 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