{"id":10055,"date":"2017-04-13T13:45:52","date_gmt":"2017-04-13T16:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.amchamchile.cl\/?p=150382"},"modified":"2017-05-03T16:00:14","modified_gmt":"2017-05-03T19:00:14","slug":"la-necesaria-modernizacion-de-aduanas","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/en\/noticia\/la-necesaria-modernizacion-de-aduanas\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]La necesaria modernizaci\u00f3n de aduanas[:en]The necessary modernization of Chilean customs[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:es]\"\"
\nSi bien la entrada en vigencia de la ley 20.997 signific\u00f3 un avance en la modernizaci\u00f3n aduanera local para aumentar la fiscalizaci\u00f3n y la regulaci\u00f3n, habr\u00e1 que esperar para ver los impactos reales en la econom\u00eda del pa\u00eds.<\/strong><\/p>\n

El 14 de marzo entr\u00f3 en vigencia la Ley 20.997 que moderniza la legislaci\u00f3n aduanera en Chile, dotando de nuevas facultades al Servicio Nacional de Aduanas. As\u00ed, despu\u00e9s de casi dos d\u00e9cadas, el reglamento aduanero fue modificado para aumentar la fiscalizaci\u00f3n y endurecer las sanciones por contrabando.<\/p>\n

Actores del sector concuerdan en que esta nueva normativa pone al d\u00eda a este servicio con los est\u00e1ndares de la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Aduanas, reconocidos por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de Comercio (OMC), aunque algunos advierten que a\u00fan se requiere una cirug\u00eda mayor, sobre todo, en actualizaci\u00f3n de regulaciones internacionales y adopci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00edas.<\/p>\n

La nueva ley establece la creaci\u00f3n del Operador Econ\u00f3mico Autorizado (OEA), una entidad externa a aduanas y que tendr\u00e1 participaci\u00f3n en el control y simplificaci\u00f3n de los procesos aduaneros y de las certificadoras de apoyo y asistencia.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, endurece las sanciones para quienes cometan actos de contrabando de mercanc\u00edas afectas a tributaci\u00f3n especial o adicional. Las multas pasan de 25 UTM (Unidad Tributaria Mensual) a un m\u00e1ximo de 200 UTM, y 300 UTM en caso de reincidencia.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, no podr\u00e1n acordar convenios para evitar la denuncia o querella. Y un tercer punto relevante corresponde a la inclusi\u00f3n en la normativa de las empresas couriers (transporte expreso), las que antes no estaban reguladas.<\/p>\n

El director Nacional de Aduanas, Claudio Sep\u00falveda, se\u00f1ala que la entidad, como cualquier instituci\u00f3n, es perfectible en sus mecanismos de fiscalizaci\u00f3n y control.<\/p>\n

\u201cSiempre se pueden hacer mejor las cosas. Creemos que los instrumentos que nos da la Ley 20.997 nos ayudar\u00e1n a ejercer la funci\u00f3n fiscalizadora de manera m\u00e1s eficiente\u201d, afirma.<\/p>\n

Sep\u00falveda indica que una de las principales herramientas que le entrega la ley es el mayor plazo para formular cargos, es decir, acciones o procedimientos que la aduana ejerce con ocasi\u00f3n de auditor\u00edas o fiscalizaciones a posteriori a las empresas.<\/p>\n

\u201cAntes de la ley est\u00e1bamos limitados a un plazo muy exiguo, de un a\u00f1o, para formular los cargos. Hoy, en cambio, partimos con un plazo de dos a\u00f1os\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n destaca las medidas que impactan a las Peque\u00f1as y Medianas Empresas, Pymes, que representan el 86% de los importadores chilenos. En concreto, les otorga un plazo de hasta seis meses para pagar los derechos e impuestos, lo que hace posible que cuenten con mayor capital de trabajo lo que influye en su capacidad de generar negocios.<\/p>\n

Impacto y valoraci\u00f3n Tambi\u00e9n hay acuerdo en que los efectos de la nueva normativa ser\u00e1n positivos para Chile, sobre todo, en lo que respecta a avances en eficiencia y competitividad. El gerente de Ventas de Maersk Line, Ignacio Lara, afirma que el impacto que tendr\u00e1 este proyecto es positivo, si se producen los beneficios que se buscan y se logra una mayor agilidad sobre la cadena de abastecimiento.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cQue \u00e9sta sea m\u00e1s \u00e1gil implica que el comercio exterior se agilice y que tambi\u00e9n sea una inyecci\u00f3n al dinamismo de la industria nacional (\u2026) Puntos como la creaci\u00f3n de una destinaci\u00f3n aduanera en el dep\u00f3sito implican la agilizaci\u00f3n de la cadena de abastecimiento\u00a0 tener menos capital inmovilizado con productos para los importadores\u201d, destaca Ignacio Lara.<\/p>\n

Similar opini\u00f3n es la de Felipe Kattan, gerente Asuntos Jur\u00eddicos y Seguros de Finning Sudam\u00e9rica, quien cree que la nueva ordenanza avanza en la direcci\u00f3n correcta. Plantea que la creaci\u00f3n de los OEA y entidades certificadoras ayudar\u00e1n a facilitar los procesos aduaneros; mientras que la introducci\u00f3n de la Destinaci\u00f3n Aduanera de Dep\u00f3sito permitir\u00e1 bajar costos de la cadena de importaci\u00f3n, al permitir que las mercanc\u00edas ingresadas a un dep\u00f3sito sean objeto de operaciones menores previo a la importaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Por otra parte, la incorporaci\u00f3n de regulaci\u00f3n para el Transporte Expreso (couriers) ue valorada desde dentro y fuera del sector, porque \u201cse hace cargo de los nuevos actores que participan en el comercio exterior\u201d, afirma Kattan, o bien, porque deja claras las reglas del juego beneficiando a todos quienes participan del proceso, afirma Felipe Serrano, de la Agencia de Aduana Felipe Serrano: \u201cAntes s\u00f3lo hab\u00eda resoluciones, pero ahora con la nueva ley conocen su campo e acci\u00f3n\u201d, sostiene.<\/p>\n

En la misma l\u00ednea, V\u00edctor Henr\u00edquez, operations country manager de UPS Chile, comenta que las modificaciones facultan al director nacional de aduanas a establecer normas en forma directa sobre la industria e transporte expreso, lo que abre la posibilidad de establecer regulaciones de manera expedita en beneficio de la industria, para impulsar la agilizaci\u00f3n del comercio internacional, pues los requerimientos podr\u00e1n ser aprobados directamente por esta autoridad.<\/p>\n

\u201cVemos la posibilidad de consolidar los portafolios de servicios, incorporando as\u00ed un alto nivel de tecnolog\u00eda a los procesos. Este cambio beneficiar\u00e1 a nuestros clientes, que lo percibir\u00e1n y experimentar\u00e1n como un mejor servicio (\u2026) Las modificaciones adem\u00e1s permitir\u00e1n agilizar el mercado B2C (Business to Consumer), impulsando el comercio electr\u00f3nico y tambi\u00e9n el desarrollo e industrias emergentes\u201d, afirma Henr\u00edquez.<\/p>\n

Durante el debate de la ley, uno de los puntos de discusi\u00f3n fue el potencial impacto sobre la econom\u00eda que tendr\u00eda la mayor recaudaci\u00f3n fiscal producto del aumento de las multas al contrabando. Al respecto, Claudio Sep\u00falveda sostiene que el prop\u00f3sito de esta normativa no apunta a incrementar la recaudaci\u00f3n. \u201cSi con motivo de la aplicaci\u00f3n de ley se generan mayores ingresos para las arcas fiscales ser\u00e1 bienvenido, pero no es el objetivo principal\u201d, comenta.<\/p>\n

Nuevos retos <\/strong><\/p>\n

En cuanto a los desaf\u00edos locales en materia aduanera, Ignacio Lara de Maersk ine se\u00f1ala que el reto pasa por ser lo suficientemente \u00e1giles y modernizar aspectos como la digitalizaci\u00f3n, que es la tendencia mundial y lograr implementar aquellas herramientas en el servicio de aduanas.<\/p>\n

\u201cUn ejemplo es tener una visibilidad online de todos los procesos que se est\u00e1n haciendo o poder ejecutar algunos tr\u00e1mites en l\u00ednea, que actualmente no est\u00e1n disponibles (\u2026) El hecho que se est\u00e9n incorporando mayores recursos y se est\u00e9n generando entidades de apoyo a la gesti\u00f3n aduanera es una buena se\u00f1al\u201d, se\u00f1ala Lara.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, Felipe Kattan de Finning plantea que otro desaf\u00edo es mantener la regulaci\u00f3n y entidades permanentemente actualizadas en raz\u00f3n del dinamismo del comercio exterior, que representa alrededor de 65% del PIB, superior al promedio mundial que es 50%.<\/p>\n

\u201cUna econom\u00eda abierta como la nuestra, que depende en tal medida del comercio exterior, debe contar con est\u00e1ndares, pr\u00e1cticas y procesos adecuados que faciliten la importaci\u00f3n y exportaci\u00f3n, y con un marco regulatorio que haga respetar las reglas del juego\u201d, indica el ejecutivo.<\/p>\n

Una opini\u00f3n m\u00e1s cr\u00edtica es la de Felipe Serrano, quien advierte que aunque la ley promueve la fiscalizaci\u00f3n a posteriori, amplia los plazos para formular cargos y aumenta las facultades fiscalizadoras del servicio; no significa una real modernizaci\u00f3n que pueda llevar a una mejora del servicio y a una reducci\u00f3n de costos.<\/p>\n

\u201cPara tener un Servicio Nacional de Aduanas m\u00e1s eficiente, \u00e1gil y moderno es necesario adecuar toda su ordenanza a la \u00e9poca actual y dejar de parcharla como ha sido hasta ahora. En esto es fundamental el di\u00e1logo p\u00fablico privado y el trabajo conjunto de todos los intervinientes de la cadena log\u00edstica del comercio exterior\u201d, plantea.<\/p>\n

La normativa avanza en la direcci\u00f3n correcta, pero requiere ser actualizada constantemente, con el objetivo de hacer al pa\u00eds m\u00e1s competitivo y mantener el dinamismo del comercio exterior.[:en]\"\"
\nAlthough the entering into force of Law 20.997 brought about moves to modernize the Chilean customs service in terms of enhancing its auditing and regulation, the country will have to wait to gauge the economic impact of these reforms. <\/strong><\/p>\n

On 14 March 2017, Law 20.997 entered into force to modernize existing legislation related to Chilean customs, endowing new powers to the National Customs Service. As a consequence, after almost two decades, customs regulations have been changed to improve auditing practices and to strengthen penalties in regard to contraband and smuggled goods.<\/p>\n

Industry players widely agree that this new legislation brings the customs service into line with the standards of the World Customs Organization, which, in turn, are recognized by the World Trade Organization. However, certain sections of the industry warn that more extensive changes are required, particularly with regard to updating national practices in terms of international regulations and the adoption of more modern technologies.<\/p>\n

Law 20.997 establishes a new entity, the Authorized Economic Operator (OEA), which is independent of the National Customs Service. The OEA will oversee and simplify customs procedures and those related to the new certifying bodies that are also being created and which will provide support and assistance to the customs service.<\/p>\n

The law will also strengthen the penalization of parties participating in acts related to contraband and the smuggling of goods subject to special or additional taxation. Fines will range from 25 Monthly Tax Units (UTM) to a maximum of 200 UTM, and 300 UTM in cases of recidivism. Moreover, offenders of this type will not be able to reach agreements in order to prevent legal action being taken against them.<\/p>\n

A final point of note relates to courier companies now falling under the scope of the new legislation. Such entities were previously exempt from customs regulations.<\/p>\n

The national director of the customs service, Claudio Sep\u00falveda, states that improvements can always be made to the entity with regard to its auditing and control mechanisms, as is the case with any such institution. \u201cThings can always be done better. (But) We believe that the instruments with which Law 20.997 provides us will help us to exercise the role of customs auditor in a more efficient manner\u201d, he says.<\/p>\n

He also indicates that one of the main tools provided to the customs service by the legislation is a longer time period in which to press charges, i.e., actions or procedures exercised by the customs service in relation to audits or a posteriori<\/em> audits of companies.<\/p>\n

\u201cBefore the law was enacted, we were limited to a strict timeframe of one year to press charges. Now, on the other hand, we have a timeframe of two years\u201d, explains Sep\u00falveda.<\/p>\n

The national director also highlights the measures that are impacting on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which account for 86% of all Chilean importers. Specifically, certain measures of the new legislation grant SMEs a period of six months in which to pay duties and taxes. This enables them to operate with greater working capital which, in turn, influences their ability to generate business.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Impact and assessment<\/strong><\/p>\n

There is also general agreement that the impact of the new regulations will be positive for Chile, particularly with regard to improvement in efficiency and competiveness. The head of sales at Maersk Line, Ignacio Lara, concurs with this sentiment, as long as the benefits that are being sought are achieved and that the supply chain is allowed to operate in a more streamlined manner.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor it (the supply chain) to be more agile, foreign trade will also have to be agile and dynamism will have to be injected into the national industry\u2026 Factors such as the creation of newly authorized customs deposit facilities will ensure that the supply chain is streamlined by giving rise to reduced immobilized capital in terms of products for importers\u201d, he explains.<\/p>\n

Felipe Kattan, general counsel at Finning South America, shares this point of view and claims that the new legislation will help to drive the industry in the right direction. For example, he believes that the establishment of the OEA and the certifying bodies will facilitate customs procedures. He also claims that the introduction of the authorized customs deposit facilities will lower import chain costs by ensuring that the merchandise that enters a deposit facility is subject to reduced operations prior to import authorization being granted.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the new regulation of the courier industry is supported within and beyond the import-export sector because, as Kattan points out, \u201cthe legislation covers the new players who are operating in foreign trade\u201d. Consequently, law 20.997 outlines clear rules that will benefit all parties to the process, as explained by Felipe Serrano, from the private customs agent, Agencia de Aduana Felipe Serrano. He says that, \u201cbeforehand there were only resolutions, but now the new law means that actors are able to understand the playing field\u201d.<\/p>\n

Similarly, V\u00edctor Henr\u00edquez, operations country manager at UPS Chile, says that the legal changes empower the customs service to directly establish new rules related to the courier industry. In turn, he suggests that this will increase the likelihood of passing expeditious regulations to improve industry practice and that this will foster the streamlining of international trade. This is because all necessary requirements can now be approved directly by the customs service itself.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe see the chance to consolidate service portfolios and incorporate high levels of technology into our processes. This change will benefit our clients, who will experience an enhanced service as a result\u2026 The changes will also allow companies to streamline the B2C (business to consumer) market, therefore boosting e-commerce and the development of emerging industries as well\u201d, states Henr\u00edquez.<\/p>\n

During the formal discussions to draw up the legislation, one of the key points raised was the potential impact on the economy of the greater amounts of money being collected from the increased fines for crimes related to contraband. Accordingly, Claudio Sep\u00falveda argues that the purpose of the legislation is not to raise the quantity of money being collected but that, \u201cif this results in greater amounts of income being collected by authorities then the impact will be a welcome one, but this is not the overriding objective (of the new law)\u201d.<\/p>\n

New challenges <\/strong><\/p>\n

Regarding local challenges in the area of customs, Ignacio Lara claims that the challenge is to be sufficiently agile and to modernize aspects such as digitization, which is the current global trend in the field, by implementing the necessary tools in the customs service.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne example of this is to ensure the online visibility of all processes being undertaken or the ability to complete certain procedures online, which is currently not possible\u2026 The fact that additional resources are being incorporated and that bodies providing support to the customs service are being set up is a really good sign\u201d, says Lara.<\/p>\n

Felipe Kattan stresses that the other challenge is to ensure that regulations and entities are continuously up to date due to the dynamic nature of foreign trade. Significantly, foreign trade in Chile accounts for approximately 65% of GDP, in contrast to the national global average of 50%.<\/p>\n

\u201cAn open economy like that of Chile\u2019s, which depends to such a large extent on foreign trade, must have suitable standards, practices and processes in place that facilitate import and export, as well as a regulatory framework that generates respect for the rules of the game\u201d, he argues.<\/p>\n

Alternatively, Felipe Serrano has a more critical view. He warns that, although the legislation encourages a posteriori<\/em> auditing, extends the timeframe for pressing charges, and increases the auditory powers of the customs service, it will not necessarily give rise to a modernization that improves service or reduces costs.<\/p>\n

\u201cTo ensure a more efficient, agile and modern National Customs Service, it is necessary to adapt the entire way that the institution operates and bring it in line with current times, not to simply keep applying band aids, as has happened until now. This requires in-depth public-private dialogue and joint work between all the parties involved in the foreign trade logistics chain\u201d, he contends.<\/p>\n

In general terms, the new legislation is moving in the right direction. However, it requires ongoing and continuous updating in order to fulfil the objective of making Chile more competitive, while simultaneously maintaining the dynamism of foreign trade in the country.[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[:es] Si bien la entrada en vigencia de la ley 20.997 signific\u00f3 un avance en la modernizaci\u00f3n aduanera local para aumentar la fiscalizaci\u00f3n y la regulaci\u00f3n, habr\u00e1 que esperar para ver los impactos reales en la econom\u00eda del pa\u00eds. El 14 de marzo entr\u00f3 en vigencia la Ley 20.997 que moderniza la legislaci\u00f3n aduanera en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","news_tax":[],"user_type":[],"class_list":["post-10055","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n[:es]La necesaria modernizaci\u00f3n de aduanas[:en]The necessary modernization of Chilean customs[:] - AmCham Chile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amchamchile.cl\/noticia\/la-necesaria-modernizacion-de-aduanas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:es]La necesaria modernizaci\u00f3n de aduanas[:en]The necessary modernization of Chilean customs[:] - AmCham Chile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[:es] Si bien la entrada en vigencia de la ley 20.997 signific\u00f3 un avance en la modernizaci\u00f3n aduanera local para aumentar la fiscalizaci\u00f3n y la regulaci\u00f3n, habr\u00e1 que esperar para ver los impactos reales en la econom\u00eda del pa\u00eds. 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